“惶恐” describes a profound, often unsettling, state of fear or panic, more intense and formal than simple "scared."
30秒でわかる単語
- Profound, intense fear often mixed with panic.
- Describes deep psychological distress and unease.
- Used in serious or formal contexts, not casual speech.
Overview
“惶恐” (huáng kǒng) 一词，在汉语中表示一种程度较深、情绪较为复杂的恐惧感。它不仅仅是简单的害怕，更包含了不安、慌乱、无所适从以及对未知结果的深深忧虑。这种恐惧往往是内心深处的，可能是由突如其来的变故、巨大的压力、自身的过失或对未来不确定性的担忧所引发。它强调的是一种心理上的极度不稳定和震荡，使得个体感到难以镇定或掌控局面。在文学作品和正式语境中，“惶恐”常用来描绘人物在极端情境下的内心挣扎。
“惶恐”通常作为谓语或定语使用。常见的搭配有“感到惶恐”、“内心惶恐”、“惶恐不安”、“令人惶恐”等。例如，“他听到这个消息后，内心感到一阵惶恐。”（He felt a wave of terror after hearing the news.）或者“面对突如其来的变故，他显得惶恐不安。”（Facing the sudden change, he appeared terrified and uneasy.）它也可以修饰名词，如“惶恐的神情”（a terrified expression）。在使用时，它往往传达出一种深刻而持续的心理状态，而非短暂的惊吓。
“惶恐”常用于描述以下情境：
**在正式或严肃的场合**：例如，历史记载、新闻报道或文学描写中，用于强调事件的严重性及人物的心理反应。
- 1惶恐 vs 害怕 (hài pà)：害怕是最普通的表示恐惧的词，程度较轻，适用范围广，可以指对任何事物的恐惧。惶恐则程度更深，特指因某种变故或不确定性而产生的极度不安和恐慌，带有慌乱无措之感。
**惶恐 vs 恐惧 (kǒng jù)**：恐惧是比害怕更深、更强烈的害怕，但它侧重于“怕”的本身，不一定包含“乱”和“不安”的成分。惶恐则在恐惧的基础上，强调了内心极度的不安、慌乱和无所适从。
- 1惶恐 vs 恐慌 (kǒng huāng)：恐慌通常指突然的、混乱的、失去理智的集体性或个人性的恐惧，常伴有行为上的混乱。惶恐则更侧重于内心的深层不安和对未来的忧虑，不一定有明显的外部行为混乱，但内心已极度动荡。
例文
面对突如其来的灾难，人们感到一阵惶恐。
everydayFacing the sudden disaster, people felt a wave of terror.
国王得知边境失守的消息，内心惶恐不安。
formalThe king, upon hearing the news of the border's fall, felt deeply terrified and uneasy.
孩子走失后，母亲惶恐地四处寻找。
informalAfter her child went missing, the mother frantically searched everywhere in terror.
历史文献记载，在瘟疫流行期间，民众普遍处于一种惶恐的状态。
academicHistorical documents record that during the plague epidemic, the populace was generally in a state of terror.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
惶恐万分
extremely terrified
心生惶恐
feel terror in one's heart
面带惶恐
with a terrified expression on one's face
よく混同される語
害怕 is a general term for 'to be afraid' or 'to fear', covering a wide range of fear levels. 惶恐 is a much stronger, more intense, and often more formal feeling of fear, implying panic and deep unease, often in response to significant events.
恐慌 often refers to a sudden, chaotic, and often widespread panic, or a state of extreme disarray due to fear. While 惶恐 also involves panic, it emphasizes a personal, deep-seated sense of dread and apprehension, focusing more on the internal emotional state rather than just the immediate, chaotic reaction.
文法パターン
How to Use It
使い方のコツ
惶恐 is a relatively formal and literary term. It describes a deep, intense fear often accompanied by a sense of unease or panic. It's less commonly used in casual spoken language compared to simpler terms like 害怕, and its use implies a significant emotional impact.
よくある間違い
A common mistake is using 惶恐 in trivial situations, which can sound overly dramatic or out of place. It's also sometimes incorrectly used interchangeably with 害怕, but 惶恐 implies a much greater degree of distress and often a feeling of being overwhelmed by circumstances, not just a simple fear.
Tips
Avoid Overuse in Casual Settings
Using 惶恐 in trivial or everyday situations can sound overly dramatic or unnatural. Reserve it for serious or significant contexts where such intense fear is warranted.
Emphasizes Inner Turmoil
In Chinese culture, the expression of deep internal turmoil like 惶恐 often conveys a sense of vulnerability or a profound emotional response to significant events, reflecting a value placed on emotional depth in serious situations.
語源
The word 惶恐 is composed of two characters: 惶 (huáng), meaning 'fearful' or 'apprehensive,' and 恐 (kǒng), also meaning 'fear' or 'terror.' The combination of two characters with similar meanings intensifies the overall sense of fear and dread.
文化的な背景
In Chinese culture, expressing deep internal turmoil like 惶恐 often conveys a sense of vulnerability or a profound emotional response to significant events. It reflects a cultural nuance of acknowledging and expressing deep internal distress when faced with serious situations, rather than a light or fleeting emotion.
覚え方のコツ
Imagine a 'Huang' (皇, emperor) who is 'Kong' (空, empty) inside due to extreme fear. The emptiness signifies a deep, unsettling terror and panic, making him feel utterly helpless.
よくある質問
3 問惶恐比害怕的程度更深，通常指因某种重大变故或不确定性而产生的极度不安和恐惧，带有慌乱无措之感。害怕则是一个更普遍的词，可以指对任何事物的恐惧，程度可轻可重。
惶恐多用于比较正式、书面的语境，或者描述一种较为强烈、深沉的恐惧感，常与“不安”、“恐慌”等词连用，以强调内心的动荡和不安。在日常口语中较少使用。
一个人感到惶恐可能因为面临突如其来的变故、巨大的压力、未知的危险、做了错事或感到自身能力不足等，导致内心极度恐慌和不安，失去了镇定和掌控感。
自分をテスト
听到这个坏消息，他内心感到一阵_______。
根据句意，听到坏消息后，内心应是恐惧不安的，因此“惶恐”最符合语境。
以下哪个词最能形容极度不安和恐慌？
“惶恐”特指因某种变故或不确定性而产生的极度不安和恐慌，符合题意。
用“惶恐”造句，描述一个人面对突发情况时的心情。
此句准确地使用了“惶恐”来表达面对突发情况时的深层不安和恐惧。
スコア： /3
Summary
“惶恐” describes a profound, often unsettling, state of fear or panic, more intense and formal than simple "scared."
- Profound, intense fear often mixed with panic.
- Describes deep psychological distress and unease.
- Used in serious or formal contexts, not casual speech.
Avoid Overuse in Casual Settings
Using 惶恐 in trivial or everyday situations can sound overly dramatic or unnatural. Reserve it for serious or significant contexts where such intense fear is warranted.
Emphasizes Inner Turmoil
In Chinese culture, the expression of deep internal turmoil like 惶恐 often conveys a sense of vulnerability or a profound emotional response to significant events, reflecting a value placed on emotional depth in serious situations.
例文
4 / 4面对突如其来的灾难，人们感到一阵惶恐。
Facing the sudden disaster, people felt a wave of terror.
国王得知边境失守的消息，内心惶恐不安。
The king, upon hearing the news of the border's fall, felt deeply terrified and uneasy.
孩子走失后，母亲惶恐地四处寻找。
After her child went missing, the mother frantically searched everywhere in terror.
历史文献记载，在瘟疫流行期间，民众普遍处于一种惶恐的状态。
Historical documents record that during the plague epidemic, the populace was generally in a state of terror.
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この単語を他の言語で
関連語彙
emotionsの関連語
有点
A1A little; somewhat; rather.
可恶
A2Hateful; detestable; abominable.
心不在焉
A2Absent-minded; preoccupied.
接受地
A2Acceptingly; receptively.
成就感
B1Sense of achievement; fulfillment.
撒娇
A2To act like a spoiled child; to act cute.
上瘾
B1To be addicted to something.
沉迷
A2To be addicted to; to be engrossed in.
敬佩
B1Admiration; respect; reverence.
佩服
B1To admire; to respect.
