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PHILOSOPHY - Ludwig Wittgenstein
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A lot of unhappiness comes about in this world
because we can't let other people know
what we mean clearly enough.
One of the philosophers who can help us
with our communication problems
is Ludwig Wittgenstein.
He was a recluse.
He had a stutter, paused for ages in the middle
of his sentences and had a habit of
storming out
if he didn't like what people were saying.
It was weirdly the ideal background
for someone intent on studying how easily
communication between people goes wrong.
Ludwig Wittgenstein
was born Vienna in 1889.
The youngest child of a wealthy,
highly cultured
but domineering steel magnate.
Three of Ludwig's four brothers took their own lives,
and Ludwig himself was frequently
troubled by suicidal thoughts.
When he was young, he was interested in engineering.
After studying at Cambridge,
his father died and he inherited a lot
of money.
He gave it all away,
mainly to his already very rich relatives
and went to live in spartan solitude
in Norway.
Then he started writing a book published in 1921
called Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus.
It was a short, beautiful
and baffling work.
The big question that Wittgenstein
asks in it is:
How do human beings
manage to communicate ideas to one another?
And his answer,
which felt revolutionary,
is that language works by triggering
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