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A1 numeral 중립 #700 가장 일반적인 3분 분량

أَرْبَعة

arba'a /ˈʔar.ba.ʕa/
연습하기

Overview

The Arabic word 'أَرْبَعة' (arbaʿa) translates to 'four'. It is a fundamental cardinal number in the Arabic language. Here's a detailed breakdown:

1. Root and Derivation:

  • The word 'أَرْبَعة' comes from the triliteral root ر-ب-ع (r-b-ʿ), which broadly relates to concepts of 'four' or 'foursquare'. Other words derived from this root include:
  • رَبِيع (rabīʿ): spring (one of the four seasons)
  • مَرْبَع (marbaʿ): square, a place where people gather in spring
  • رُبْع (rubʿ): a quarter, one fourth
  • رَابِع (rābiʿ): fourth (ordinal number)

2. Grammatical Gender Agreement (أَرْبَعة vs. أَرْبَع):

  • This is a crucial aspect of using Arabic numbers from 3 to 10. These numbers exhibit gender polarity, meaning their form for masculine and feminine nouns is opposite to the noun's gender.
  • أَرْبَعة (arbaʿa): This form, ending with the feminine ta marbuta (ة), is used when counting masculine nouns.
  • Example: أَرْبَعة رِجَال (arbaʿatu rijāl) - four men (رِجَال - men - is masculine)
  • أَرْبَع (arbaʿ): This form, without the ta marbuta, is used when counting feminine nouns.
  • Example: أَرْبَع نِسَاء (arbaʿu nisāʾ) - four women (نِسَاء - women - is feminine)
  • Important Note: For numbers 3-10, the counted noun typically appears in the plural genitive case (مضاف إليه).

3. Pronunciation:

  • أَرْبَعة (arbaʿa): The pronunciation is approximately “ar-ba-a”. The 'a' at the end is often a short 'a' sound, and the 'ʿ' (ʿayn) is a voiced pharyngeal fricative, a distinct sound in Arabic.
  • أَرْبَع (arbaʿ): The pronunciation is approximately “ar-baʿ”. The 'ʿayn' at the end is often followed by a glottal stop if it's the end of a sentence or phrase.

4. Usage in Context:

  • Counting: As a cardinal number, it's used to quantify objects, people, or concepts.
  • Example: لَدَيَّ أَرْبَعة كُتُب (ladayya arbaʿatu kutub) - I have four books.
  • Time: Can be used in expressions of time.
  • Example: السَّاعَةُ الرَّابِعَة (as-sāʿatu r-rābiʿah) - four o'clock (here using the ordinal 'fourth').
  • Mathematical Operations: Used in arithmetic.
  • Example: اِثْنَانِ زَائِد اِثْنَانِ يُسَاوِي أَرْبَعة (ithnāni zāʾid ithnāni yusāwī arbaʿa) - Two plus two equals four.

5. Cultural Significance (Numerology/Idioms - less direct for 'four'):

  • While not as deeply rooted in numerological significance as some other numbers in certain cultures, 'four' is a fundamental number in many aspects of life:
  • Four cardinal directions (north, south, east, west).
  • Four seasons.
  • Four elements (classical philosophy).
  • In Islam, there are four rightly guided caliphs, and four major schools of thought (madhhabs) in Sunni jurisprudence.

In summary, 'أَرْبَعة' is the masculine form of the number four, used when counting masculine nouns, demonstrating the gender polarity rule for numbers 3-10 in Arabic.

예시

1

أَرْبَعة خَيْل

General

Four horses

2

رَكِبَ أَرْبَعةَ خَيْلٍ.

General

He rode four horses.

3

جاء أَرْبَعةُ رِجَالٍ.

General

Four men came.

4

أَرْبَعةٌ مِنَ الأَصْدِقَاءِ.

General

Four of the friends.

5

في السَّنَةِ أَرْبَعةُ فُصُولٍ.

General

There are four seasons in the year.

자주 쓰는 조합

أربعة فصول
أربعة أركان
أربعة اتجاهات
أربعة وعشرون

자주 혼동되는 단어

أَرْبَعة 대 ثلاثة
Similar sound, different meaning (three vs. four)
أَرْبَعة 대 خمسة
Similar sound, different meaning (five vs. four)

문법 패턴

أَرْبَعة كُتُبٍ (four books - masculine noun, genitive case) أَرْبَعُ سَنَوَاتٍ (four years - feminine noun, genitive case) هَذَا الرَّقْمُ أَرْبَعةٌ (This number is four - predicate nominative)

사용법

사용 참고사항

The word 'أَرْبَعة' (ʾarbaʿah) is the masculine form for the number 'four' in Arabic. When counting, Arabic numbers from three to ten have a gender agreement rule that is often counterintuitive for English speakers: the number takes the opposite gender of the noun being counted. So, 'أَرْبَعة' (masculine) is used with feminine nouns in the plural, for example, 'أَرْبَعةُ نِسَاءٍ' (ʾarbaʿatu nisāʾin - four women). Conversely, the feminine form 'أَرْبَعَةُ' (ʾarbaʿah, with the ta' marbuta) is used with masculine nouns in the plural, such as 'أَرْبَعَةُ رِجَالٍ' (ʾarbaʿatu rijālin - four men). This rule applies when the number precedes the noun. When used as an ordinal number (fourth), the gender agreement follows the standard rule, where 'الرَّابِع' (ar-rābiʿ) is masculine and 'الرَّابِعَة' (ar-rābiʿah) is feminine.

자주 하는 실수

A common mistake for beginners is confusing the feminine form (أَرْبَعة) with the masculine form (أَرْبَعَة). Remember that the ta marbuta (ة) at the end often indicates femininity, but with numbers from three to ten, the gender agreement is counter-intuitive. If the noun being counted is masculine, the number takes the feminine form, and vice versa. So, for 'four masculine items', you would use أَرْبَعة, and for 'four feminine items', you would use أَرْبَع.

팁

💡

Cardinal vs. Ordinal

أَرْبَعة (ʾarbaʿa) is a cardinal number (four). The ordinal number (fourth) is رَابِع (rābiʿ).
💡

Gender Agreement

أَرْبَعة (ʾarbaʿa) is used with masculine nouns. For feminine nouns, you would use أَرْبَع (ʾarbaʿ). For example, أَرْبَعُ سَاعَاتٍ (ʾarbaʿu sāʿātin) means 'four hours' (سَاعَة sāʿa is feminine).
💡

Counting Rule (3-10)

For numbers 3-10, the number itself takes the opposite gender of the noun being counted. Since أَقْلَام (ʾaqlām) is the plural of قَلَم (qalam - masculine), the number أَرْبَعة (ʾarbaʿa) takes the feminine form (ending with -ة). When counting feminine nouns, the number takes the masculine form (without -ة).

어원

From Proto-Semitic *ʔarbac-at-.

문화적 맥락

The word 'أَرْبَعة' (ʾarbaʿah) for 'four' in Arabic holds significance beyond its numerical value. In Islamic cultures, the number four is often associated with completeness and balance. For instance, there are four rightly guided caliphs in Sunni Islam, four schools of thought (madhhabs), and four archangels in Islamic tradition (Jibril, Mika'il, Israfil, and Azrael). The Kaaba, the most sacred site in Islam, is approximately cube-shaped, referencing four main walls. Furthermore, many Arabic proverbs and expressions incorporate the number four to denote a group or a certain quantity, reflecting its deep cultural embedding. It can also appear in poetry and literature to describe things in fours or to evoke a sense of order.

암기 팁

The word 'أَرْبَعة' (ʾarbaʿa) for 'four' can be associated with the English word 'Arabic' itself, as both start with an 'ar' sound. Imagine four Arab scholars discussing.

자주 묻는 질문

4 질문
كلمة 'أربعة' (أَرْبَعة) هي رقم في اللغة العربية يُمثل العدد 4. تُستخدم هذه الكلمة للإشارة إلى كمية أو ترتيب لأربعة أشياء أو أشخاص.
تُستخدم كلمة 'أربعة' بشكل شائع في الجمل، على سبيل المثال: 'لديّ أربعة كتب على الطاولة.' أو 'وصل أربعة طلاب إلى الصف اليوم.' يمكن أن تصف عددًا من الكائنات أو الأشخاص.
نعم، لكلمة 'أربعة' صيغ مختلفة حسب السياق النحوي وجنس المعدود. على سبيل المثال، نقول 'أربع' للمعدود المذكر (مثل: أربع رجال)، و'أربعة' للمعدود المؤنث (مثل: أربعة نساء) في الأرقام من 3 إلى 10. كما أن هناك صيغة أخرى للعدد الترتيبي وهي 'الرابع' أو 'الرابعة' للدلالة على الترتيب.
تشمل الكلمات المرتبطة بـ 'أربعة' الأرقام الأخرى في اللغة العربية مثل 'واحد'، 'اثنين'، 'ثلاثة'، 'خمسة'، وهكذا. كما أن هناك كلمات مثل 'رباعي' التي تعني مكونًا من أربعة أجزاء، أو 'مربع' وهو شكل هندسي له أربعة أضلاع متساوية وأربع زوايا قائمة.

셀프 테스트

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أَنَا عِنْدِي ______ أَقْلامٍ.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
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هُوَ يَشْرَبُ ______ أَكْوابٍ مِنَ المَاءِ يَوْمِيًّا.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
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هِيَ تَطْبُخُ ______ أَطْباقٍ لِلْعَشاءِ.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:

점수: /3

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