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A2 adjective #2,500 가장 일반적인 6분 분량

كاف

kaf
At the A1 level, you only need to know that 'kāfin' means 'enough'. You will mostly use it in simple sentences about food, water, or time. For example, 'I have enough bread' or 'This is enough'. At this stage, don't worry too much about the complex grammar rules. Just remember that if you are talking about something feminine (like 'water' in some contexts or 'pizza'), you add an 'a' sound at the end: 'kāfiya'. It is a very useful word for traveling and eating out. If a waiter keeps pouring tea, you can say 'kāfin' to tell them to stop. It is one of the first adjectives you should learn to manage your daily needs in an Arabic-speaking environment. You will also see it in very basic signs or instructions. Think of it as a 'stop' button for quantity. It helps you express your basic limits and satisfaction without needing long sentences. Even if you mispronounce the ending slightly, people will understand you if you use it in the right context, like pointing at a plate of food.
At the A2 level, you should start noticing the spelling of 'kāfin'. You will see that it often has two small lines under the last letter (tanwīn al-kasr) when it is used alone or after a masculine noun. You should be able to use it to describe your daily routine and needs more accurately. For example, 'I don't have enough money' (laysa ladayya māl kāfin) or 'I need enough sleep'. You are also introduced to the feminine form 'kāfiya' for words like 'sayyāra' (car) or 'shurba' (soup). At this level, you begin to use 'ghayr' to say 'not enough' (ghayr kāfin). This is very important for expressing dissatisfaction or identifying problems in simple terms. You might also hear it in simple news headlines or weather reports. You should practice matching the adjective to the noun. If the noun is plural and non-human (like 'books' or 'days'), remember that the adjective is usually feminine singular: 'ayyām kāfiya' (sufficient days). This is a key rule at the A2 level that makes your Arabic sound much more natural and correct.
At the B1 level, you move beyond simple physical needs and start using 'kāfin' for abstract concepts. You might talk about 'sufficient evidence' (dalīl kāfin) in a discussion or 'sufficient reasons' (asbāb kāfiya). You should also be comfortable with the adverbial phrase 'bi-shaklin kāfin' (sufficiently). For example, 'He did not study sufficiently'. You will encounter the word in more complex texts, such as short stories or newspaper articles. You should also start to understand the word family, like the verb 'kafā' (to be enough). A common expression at this level is 'Kafā!' which means 'Enough!' or 'Stop it!'. You are expected to handle the 'Ism Manqūṣ' grammar more reliably, knowing when to keep the 'ya' (when there is 'Al-') and when to drop it. This level is about precision. Instead of just saying 'I have a lot of work', you might say 'I don't have sufficient time for all this work', which sounds more professional and specific. You are also likely to encounter the word in religious or traditional contexts, understanding its deeper roots in the culture.
At the B2 level, you should be able to use 'kāfin' in formal debates and academic writing. You will understand the nuance between 'kāfin' (sufficient) and its synonyms like 'wāfin' (comprehensive) or 'mulā'im' (suitable). You will use it to evaluate arguments, saying things like 'This evidence is not sufficient to support the theory'. You should also be familiar with the grammatical structure where 'kāfin' is the predicate of 'Kāna' or its sisters, which requires the accusative form 'kāfiyan'. For example, 'Lam yakun al-waqtu kāfiyan' (The time was not sufficient). At this stage, you are expected to use the word with perfect grammatical agreement. You will also encounter the word in legal and administrative documents, where 'sufficiency' is a technical requirement. You might read about 'self-sufficiency' (al-iktifā' al-dhātī) in economic reports. Your understanding of the word should now include its role in complex sentence structures and its ability to convey subtle degrees of adequacy in professional and social settings.
At the C1 level, you appreciate the stylistic and rhetorical uses of 'kāfin'. You can use it in high-level literature and sophisticated discourse. You understand its role in classical poetry and the Quran, where the root K-F-Y often carries meanings of divine protection and absolute sufficiency. You can discuss the philosophical implications of 'sufficiency' in ethics or economics. Your usage should be flawless, including the most complex grammatical scenarios. You might use the word in the 'Idafa' construction or in complex passive sentences. You also understand the subtle difference between 'kāfin' and 'mustawfin' (meeting all criteria). You can use the word to create emphasis or to be understated in your criticism. For example, saying 'The response was less than sufficient' is a sophisticated way to express deep disappointment. You are also aware of the historical evolution of the word and how it has maintained its core meaning while adapting to modern technical fields like computer science (e.g., sufficient memory) or advanced mathematics.
At the C2 level, your mastery of 'kāfin' is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker. You can use it in the most formal oratory, legal drafting, and literary criticism. You understand the deepest etymological links between 'kāfin' and other words from the same root, such as 'kifāya' (competence/sufficiency) and 'mukāfa'a' (reward/equivalent). You can navigate the most archaic texts where the word might appear in unique grammatical constructions. You are able to use the word to convey irony, sarcasm, or profound respect. You understand how the word functions in various Arabic dialects, even if you primarily use MSA. You can lead a discussion on the concept of 'Al-Kifāya' in Islamic jurisprudence or 'Sufficient Reason' in philosophy. For you, 'kāfin' is not just a vocabulary word; it is a versatile tool that you can manipulate to fit any register, from a casual conversation to a Supreme Court ruling. You are also able to teach the nuances of this word to others, explaining the delicate balance of its morphology and its powerful semantic impact.
연습하기 예시 노트와 팁

كاف 30초 만에

  • Kāfin (كافٍ) means 'sufficient' or 'enough' in Arabic.
  • It is an adjective that changes spelling based on grammar (Ism Manqūṣ).
  • The feminine form is 'kāfiya' and the definite form is 'al-kāfī'.
  • It is used for both physical quantities and abstract concepts like evidence.

The Arabic word كافٍ (often written as kāfin in its indefinite nominative form or al-kāfī when definite) is a powerful adjective derived from the root ك-ف-ي (K-F-Y). At its core, it describes something that satisfies a requirement, fulfills a need, or reaches a threshold where nothing more is required. It is the linguistic embodiment of 'enoughness'. Unlike the English word 'enough', which can sometimes carry a dismissive tone, كافٍ often implies a sense of completeness and adequacy that is perfectly tailored to the situation at hand.

Primary Semantic Range
Refers to quantity (amount of food, money, or time) and quality (strength of evidence, depth of an explanation).
Grammatical Classification
It is an Ism al-Fā'il (Active Participle) acting as an adjective. It follows the rules of 'Defective Nouns' (Ism Manqūṣ), where the final 'ya' is omitted in specific grammatical cases.
Functional Utility
Used to set boundaries, express satisfaction, or evaluate the sufficiency of resources in both formal and informal Modern Standard Arabic (MSA).

"ليس لدي وقت كافٍ لإنهاء هذا المشروع اليوم."

— Translation: "I do not have enough time to finish this project today."

In a deeper philosophical sense, the word connects to the concept of Kifāya (sufficiency). In Islamic theology, Al-Kāfī is one of the attributes of God, meaning 'The One who is sufficient for His servants'. This adds a layer of reliability and ultimate adequacy to the word's usage. When you say something is kāfin, you are asserting that the gap between 'need' and 'reality' has been closed. It is a word of resolution.

"الأدلة المقدمة غير كافية لإدانة المتهم."

— Context: Legal sufficiency in a courtroom setting.

The word also appears frequently in academic and scientific writing. For instance, in mathematics or logic, one might discuss 'necessary and sufficient conditions' (al-shurūṭ al-lāzima wa al-kāfiya). This highlights the word's precision; it isn't just about 'a lot', it's about the exact amount required to achieve a specific result. It bridges the gap between simple quantity and logical necessity.

Morphological Root
K-F-Y (كفي) - to suffice, to protect, to be enough.
Opposite Concept
Ghayr kāfin (غير كافٍ) - insufficient, lacking, inadequate.

Using كافٍ correctly requires an understanding of its role as an adjective and its unique grammatical behavior. In Arabic, adjectives follow the noun they describe in gender, number, and definiteness. However, because كافٍ is a 'defective noun' (ending in a weak letter), its spelling changes based on its position in the sentence.

  • As an Adjective: It follows the noun. "Zādun kāfin" (Sufficient provisions).
  • In the Feminine: The 'ya' reappears and is followed by a Tā' Marbūṭa. "Ma'lūmāt kāfiya" (Sufficient information).
  • With Definiteness: The 'ya' is retained. "Al-dalīl al-kāfī" (The sufficient evidence).

"هل تعتقد أن هذا المبلغ كافٍ لشراء السيارة؟"

— Questioning financial sufficiency.

In daily conversation, you will often use it to express that you have had enough of something, like food or drink. While 'Shukran' is a common way to say no, adding 'Hādhā kāfin' (This is enough) makes your statement more precise. In professional settings, it is used to evaluate reports, resources, or staff performance. A manager might say, 'The efforts were not sufficient' (Lam takun al-juhūd kāfiya).

Adverbial Use
To say 'sufficiently', use the phrase "bi-shaklin kāfin" (بشكل كافٍ).
Negation
Always negate using "ghayr" (غير) for adjectives: "ghayr kāfin".

The word كافٍ resonates across various domains of Arab life, from the mundane to the highly formal. Its frequency in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) makes it a staple of news broadcasts, academic lectures, and legal proceedings. However, its roots in the Quran also give it a spiritual weight that you will encounter in religious contexts.

News & Media
"The government did not provide sufficient guarantees for the peace process."
Classrooms
Teachers often ask, "Is the explanation sufficient?" (Hal al-sharḥ kāfin?).
Religious Contexts
The phrase "Hasbunā Allāhu wa ni'ma al-wakīl" implies that God is sufficient for us.

"أليس الله بِكافٍ عبده؟"

— Quranic verse: "Is not Allah sufficient for His servant?" (39:36)

In the marketplace, you might hear a vendor say, "This amount is sufficient for five people." In a medical context, a doctor might tell a patient, "You are not getting sufficient sleep." The word is indispensable for describing health, logistics, and social obligations. It is a word that sets the standard for what is acceptable.

Even advanced learners struggle with the morphological shifts of كافٍ. Because it belongs to the Ism Manqūṣ category, it behaves differently than standard adjectives like kabīr or jamīl. Here are the most frequent errors to watch out for:

The 'Ya' Trap
Writing "Hādhā dalīl kāfī" instead of the correct "Hādhā dalīl kāfin". The 'ya' must be dropped in the indefinite nominative case.
Gender Mismatch
Using the masculine kāfin for a feminine noun like furaṣ (opportunities). It should be furaṣ kāfiya.
Confusing with 'Kifāya'
Kifāya is a noun (sufficiency/enough), while kāfin is an adjective. You cannot say "Al-akl kifāya" to mean "The food is sufficient" in formal MSA; you should say "Al-akl kāfin".

❌ "أريد وقتاً كافٍ." ✅ "أريد وقتاً كافياً."

— In the accusative case (Mansub), the 'ya' returns and takes a fatha.

Another mistake is using kāfin when muktafin (self-sufficient) is intended. While related, kāfin describes the resource itself, whereas muktafin describes the person who is satisfied with what they have. Precision in these choices marks the difference between a functional speaker and a fluent one.

Arabic is a language of synonyms, each with a specific flavor. While كافٍ is the most common word for 'sufficient', several other words can be used depending on the context of 'enoughness'.

Wāfin (وافٍ)
Means 'complete' or 'full'. It is often used for explanations or promises. A sharḥ wāfin is an explanation that covers every single detail, going beyond just being 'sufficient'.
Mujzin (مجزٍ)
Often used in the context of rewards or compensation. It means 'rewarding' or 'adequate as a replacement'.
Mustawfin (مستوفٍ)
Used when something meets all the required conditions or criteria. Often used in administrative or legal contexts (e.g., 'meeting the requirements').

"قدم الباحث شرحاً وافياً للمشكلة."

— Using 'Wāfin' for a comprehensive explanation.

Choosing between kāfin and wāfin is a matter of intensity. Kāfin is the floor (the minimum needed), while wāfin is the ceiling (total coverage). Understanding these nuances allows you to express satisfaction with greater sophistication.

How Formal Is It?

격식체

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비격식체

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난이도

알아야 할 문법

수준별 예문

1

هذا خبز كافٍ.

This is enough bread.

Masculine singular adjective.

2

هل الماء كافٍ؟

Is the water enough?

Question form with masculine adjective.

3

عندي نقود كافية.

I have enough money.

Feminine singular because 'nuqūd' is plural non-human.

4

هذا ليس كافياً.

This is not enough.

Accusative case after 'laysa'.

5

شكراً، هذا كافٍ.

Thank you, this is enough.

Common polite phrase.

6

أريد وقتاً كافياً.

I want enough time.

Accusative case (Mansub).

7

الغرفة كافية لنا.

The room is sufficient for us.

Feminine agreement with 'ghurfa'.

8

هل هذا الطعام كافٍ؟

Is this food enough?

Adjective following the noun.

1

ليس لدي وقت كافٍ للدراسة.

I don't have enough time to study.

Indefinite nominative form 'kāfin'.

2

هل هذه المعلومات كافية؟

Is this information sufficient?

Feminine plural noun 'ma'lūmāt' takes feminine singular adjective.

3

نحتاج إلى أدلة كافية.

We need sufficient evidence.

Genitive case (Majrur) still looks like 'kāfiya' in feminine.

4

الراتب غير كافٍ للعيش هنا.

The salary is not enough to live here.

Using 'ghayr' for negation.

5

يجب أن تنام بشكل كافٍ.

You must sleep sufficiently.

Adverbial phrase 'bi-shaklin kāfin'.

6

هذه الكمية كافية لعشرة أشخاص.

This quantity is enough for ten people.

Feminine agreement with 'kammiya'.

7

لم يكن الشرح كافياً لي.

The explanation was not sufficient for me.

Accusative case after 'yakun' (Kāna sister).

8

هل الغطاء كافٍ في الشتاء؟

Is the blanket enough in winter?

Masculine singular adjective.

1

قدمت الشركة أسباباً كافية للإغلاق.

The company provided sufficient reasons for the closure.

Feminine plural agreement.

2

لا توجد موارد كافية للمشروع.

There are no sufficient resources for the project.

Negative existential sentence.

3

هل تعتقد أن هذا الإجراء كافٍ؟

Do you think this measure is sufficient?

Abstract noun 'ijrā'' (measure).

4

يجب توفير حماية كافية للمدنيين.

Sufficient protection must be provided for civilians.

Passive context.

5

لم يستعد الفريق بشكل كافٍ للمباراة.

The team did not prepare sufficiently for the match.

Adverbial usage.

6

هل الخبرة التي لديك كافية لهذا المنصب؟

Is the experience you have sufficient for this position?

Relative clause.

7

هذا الرد غير كافٍ لتوضيح الموقف.

This response is not sufficient to clarify the situation.

Negation with 'ghayr'.

8

نحن نبحث عن حل كافٍ ودائم.

We are looking for a sufficient and permanent solution.

Coordinated adjectives.

1

الأدلة الجنائية لم تكن كافية لإدانته.

The forensic evidence was not sufficient to convict him.

Complex sentence with 'takun'.

2

تحتاج المنطقة إلى استثمارات كافية لتطوير البنية التحتية.

The region needs sufficient investments to develop infrastructure.

Economic context.

3

هل القوانين الحالية كافية لحماية البيئة؟

Are current laws sufficient to protect the environment?

Political/Legal context.

4

لم تكن الميزانية كافية لتغطية جميع المصاريف.

The budget was not sufficient to cover all expenses.

Financial terminology.

5

يجب أن تكون المعايير كافية لضمان الجودة.

The standards must be sufficient to ensure quality.

Technical context.

6

هل تعتقد أن التحذيرات كانت كافية؟

Do you think the warnings were sufficient?

Evaluating past actions.

7

لم يحصل الطالب على دعم كافٍ من أسرته.

The student did not receive sufficient support from his family.

Social context.

8

هذه الخطوات غير كافية لمواجهة الأزمة.

These steps are not sufficient to face the crisis.

Metaphorical usage.

1

لم يكن النص كافياً لاستخلاص نتائج نهائية.

The text was not sufficient to draw final conclusions.

Academic/Research context.

2

تعتبر هذه الشروط كافية ولازمة في آن واحد.

These conditions are considered sufficient and necessary at the same time.

Logical/Mathematical terminology.

3

إن الوعي المجتمعي وحده ليس كافياً للتغيير.

Social awareness alone is not sufficient for change.

Philosophical/Sociological context.

4

هل كانت الضمانات السياسية كافية لتهدئة المخاوف؟

Were the political guarantees sufficient to calm the fears?

High-level political discourse.

5

لا يمكن اعتبار هذا التبرير كافياً من الناحية الأخلاقية.

This justification cannot be considered sufficient from an ethical standpoint.

Ethical/Legal evaluation.

6

قدم الكاتب وصفاً كافياً وشاملاً للحياة في تلك الحقبة.

The author provided a sufficient and comprehensive description of life in that era.

Literary criticism.

7

إن الموارد المتاحة، وإن كانت كافية، تحتاج إلى إدارة حكيمة.

The available resources, although sufficient, need wise management.

Concessive clause structure.

8

لم تكن الحجج التي ساقها كافية لإقناع الجمهور.

The arguments he put forward were not sufficient to convince the audience.

Rhetorical context.

1

يتساءل الفلاسفة عما إذا كان العقل كافياً لإدراك الحقيقة المطلقة.

Philosophers wonder if reason is sufficient to perceive the absolute truth.

Epistemological context.

2

إن الأدلة الظرفية، مهما بلغت، قد لا تكون كافية للإدانة في القضايا الجنائية الكبرى.

Circumstantial evidence, no matter how extensive, may not be sufficient for conviction in major criminal cases.

Legal nuance.

3

لم يكن البيان الختامي كافياً لتبديد الشكوك حول نوايا الأطراف المتنازعة.

The final statement was not sufficient to dispel doubts about the intentions of the conflicting parties.

Diplomatic subtlety.

4

هل تكفي الكلمات؟ إنها نادراً ما تكون كافية للتعبير عن عمق المأساة.

Are words enough? They are rarely sufficient to express the depth of the tragedy.

Poetic/Existential context.

5

تظل هذه الدراسات غير كافية ما لم تدعمها تجارب ميدانية واسعة النطاق.

These studies remain insufficient unless supported by large-scale field experiments.

Scientific rigor.

6

إن الاكتفاء بالحد الأدنى من المعرفة ليس كافياً في عصر المعلومات المتسارع.

Being satisfied with the minimum amount of knowledge is not sufficient in the age of rapid information.

Modern sociological commentary.

7

هل تعتبر السيادة الوطنية مفهوماً كافياً في ظل العولمة؟

Is national sovereignty considered a sufficient concept in light of globalization?

Political science theory.

8

إن البلاغة وحدها ليست كافية لإخفاء ضعف الحجة المنطقية.

Eloquence alone is not sufficient to hide the weakness of the logical argument.

Rhetorical analysis.

자주 쓰는 조합

وقت كافٍ
أدلة كافية
بشكل كافٍ
أسباب كافية
موارد كافية
شرح كافٍ
ضمانات كافية
مبلغ كافٍ
نوم كافٍ
طعام كافٍ

자주 쓰는 구문

هذا كافٍ جداً

بما فيه الكفاية

غير كافٍ على الإطلاق

بشكل غير كافٍ

كافٍ ووافٍ

هل هذا كافٍ؟

ليس كافياً بعد

بقدر كافٍ

كافٍ للغرض

كافٍ لسد الحاجة

자주 혼동되는 단어

كاف vs كفاية

كاف vs مكتفٍ

كاف vs كفء

관용어 및 표현

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

혼동하기 쉬운

كاف vs كفاية

كاف vs مكتفٍ

كاف vs كفء

كاف vs كفة

كاف vs كف

문장 패턴

사용법

negation

Always use 'ghayr' for the adjective form.

abstract vs concrete

Works equally well for 'water' and 'love'.

자주 하는 실수
  • Writing 'kāfī' without the definite article 'al'.
  • Using 'kāfin' for feminine nouns like 'kammiya'.
  • Forgetting the 'ya' in the accusative case ('kāfiyan').
  • Using 'kāfin' to mean 'competent' (should be 'kuf'').
  • Confusing the spelling with 'kaff' (palm).

팁

The 'Ya' Rule

Remember: No 'Al', no 'Ya' (unless it's feminine or accusative). This is the golden rule for this word.

Synonym Choice

Use 'wāfin' when you want to emphasize that an explanation is very detailed and complete.

Polite Refusal

When offered more food, say 'Shukran, hādhā kāfin' with a smile to be perfectly polite.

Accusative Alert

After verbs like 'found' (wajadtu) or 'was' (kāna), the word becomes 'kāfiyan'.

Religious Roots

Recognizing 'Al-Kāfī' as a name of God helps you understand the word's weight in Arabic.

Tanwin Sound

Train your ear to hear the 'in' sound at the end of 'kāfin' in formal news.

Gender Agreement

Always check if the noun is feminine. If so, 'kāfiya' is your safe bet.

Adverbial Hack

Instead of struggling with adverb forms, just use 'bi-shaklin kāfin' for 'sufficiently'.

Avoid 'Kifāya' as Adjective

Don't say 'al-waqt kifāya'. Say 'al-waqt kāfin'. Keep noun and adjective separate.

Root Connection

Connect it to 'yakfī' (it suffices). If you know the verb, the adjective is easy.

암기하기

기억법

Think of 'Coffee' (sounds like Kāfī). Is one cup of coffee enough? Yes, it is 'Kāfī'!

어원

Semitic root K-F-Y, relating to protection and sufficiency.

문화적 맥락

Using 'kāfin' politely is key to navigating long Arab dinners.

The word appears in many daily prayers and invocations.

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

대화 시작하기

"هل تعتقد أن الوقت كافٍ لإنهاء العمل؟"

"هل هذا الطعام كافٍ للجميع؟"

"كيف نعرف أن الأدلة كافية؟"

"هل الراتب كافٍ في هذه المدينة؟"

"هل شرحي كان كافياً لك؟"

일기 주제

اكتب عن يوم لم يكن فيه الوقت كافياً.

هل تعتقد أن المال كافٍ لتحقيق السعادة؟

متى تشعر أنك قمت بجهد كافٍ؟

صف وجبة كانت كافية وجميلة.

ما هي الشروط الكافية للنجاح في رأيك؟

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

This is because it is an Ism Manqūṣ. The final 'ya' is dropped in the nominative and genitive cases when indefinite, and replaced by tanwīn al-kasr.

Yes, but it usually describes their numbers or their roles. For example, 'Are the workers sufficient?' (Hal al-'ummāl kāfūn?).

'Kāfin' is an adjective (sufficient), while 'kifāya' is a noun (sufficiency). You use 'kāfin' to describe a noun.

It is only correct if you have 'Al-' before it (Al-Kāfī) or if it is in a specific grammatical construction like Idafa. Otherwise, use 'kāfin'.

The most common way is to say 'ghayr kāfin' (غير كافٍ).

Yes, in many dialects it becomes 'kāfī' or 'bass'. However, 'kāfī' is very common in Levantine and Gulf Arabic.

The verb form 'ikfī' or the noun 'kifāya' are used for 'stop', but 'kāfin' just describes the state of being enough.

For masculine humans, it is 'kāfūn' or 'kāfīn'. For things, use the feminine singular 'kāfiya'.

It is used in all registers, from the Quran to daily street talk.

Use the phrase 'bi-shaklin kāfin' (بشكل كافٍ).

셀프 테스트 180 질문

/ 180 correct

Perfect score!

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