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B1 adjective #2,500 가장 일반적인 8분 분량

كافٍ

kafin
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설명 كافٍ in your Level:
At the A1 level, 'كافٍ' (kāfin) is introduced as a basic way to say 'enough'. Learners use it in very simple contexts, primarily related to food, drink, and basic needs. You might hear it in a classroom when a teacher asks if everyone has a chair, or at a dinner table. The focus at this level is not on the complex grammar of the 'dropped ya', but simply on recognizing the word as a synonym for 'enough'. Learners are taught to use it as a one-word answer or in simple 'Subject + Adjective' sentences like 'Hādhā kāfin' (This is enough). It helps students set boundaries and express satisfaction in a polite, minimal way. Visual aids usually involve pictures of full glasses or plates to illustrate the concept of 'sufficiency' versus 'emptiness'.
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At the A2 level, learners begin to use 'كافٍ' in slightly more complex sentences, often adding a prepositional phrase like 'li' (for). For example, 'Al-mā' kāfin lil-qiṭṭah' (The water is enough for the cat). Students start to notice the feminine form 'kāfiyah' and are encouraged to use it with feminine nouns like 'ghurfah' (room) or 'sayyārah' (car). The vocabulary expands to include 'waqt' (time) and 'māl' (money). At this stage, the distinction between 'kāfin' (enough) and 'kathīr' (a lot) is emphasized to prevent over-reliance on 'kathīr'. Learners also encounter the negative form 'ghayr kāfin' (not enough) to express needs or complaints in a basic professional or social setting, such as 'The time is not enough for the homework'.
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At the B1 level, the grammatical complexity of 'كافٍ' as an 'Ism Manqus' is formally introduced. Learners must understand why the 'ya' is missing and when it returns (the 'Al-' rule and the accusative case). This is the level where 'كافٍ' moves from concrete objects to abstract ideas. Students use it to discuss 'adillah' (evidence), 'asbāb' (reasons), and 'khibrah' (experience). They are expected to use it in more varied sentence structures, such as 'Ladayya khibrah kāfiyah' (I have sufficient experience). The focus shifts to accuracy in writing, ensuring that the tanwin is placed correctly and that gender agreement is maintained even in complex sentences. Learners also begin to use adverbial phrases like 'bi-shaklin kāfin' (sufficiently) to describe actions.
At the B2 level, 'كافٍ' is used in academic and professional contexts with high precision. Learners use it to evaluate arguments, research data, and socio-economic conditions. They understand the nuance between 'kāfin' and its synonyms like 'mulā'im' (appropriate) or 'mustawfin' (fulfilling requirements). In writing, B2 students use 'كافٍ' to construct logical arguments, such as 'The measures taken were not sufficient to curb inflation'. They are also introduced to more sophisticated idioms and collocations, such as 'bi-mā fīhi al-kifāyah' (sufficiently/thoroughly). The focus is on the stylistic choice of using 'kāfin' to sound more formal and objective compared to more colloquial alternatives.
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At the C1 level, the word 'كافٍ' is explored through its literary and rhetorical functions. Learners analyze how authors use the concept of sufficiency to create tone or emphasize a point. They encounter the word in classical texts, legal documents, and high-level political discourse where every word's weight is measured. C1 students are expected to use the word flawlessly in all grammatical cases, including complex 'Idafa' constructions or as part of 'Hal' (circumstantial) clauses. They also explore the root's other derivatives, such as 'istikfā'' (seeking sufficiency) and 'mukāfa'ah' (reward/compensation), understanding the deep semantic links between being enough and being rewarded. The word is no longer just a label for quantity but a tool for nuanced expression.
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At the C2 level, mastery of 'كافٍ' involves an appreciation of its philosophical and theological depth. This includes understanding its use in the Qur'an and classical poetry, where 'sufficiency' often relates to divine providence or the adequacy of the soul. C2 learners can debate the concept of 'Al-Kifāyah' in Islamic jurisprudence or economic theory. They use the word with native-like intuition, employing it in wordplay, irony, or highly formal oratory. At this level, the learner understands that 'kāfin' can sometimes imply a subtle 'no more is desired', carrying a weight of finality. They can distinguish between the most subtle synonyms in any context, choosing 'kāfin' precisely when the situation demands a statement of perfect adequacy.
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كافٍ 30초 만에

  • Kāfin (كافٍ) means 'enough' or 'sufficient' in Arabic.
  • It is an adjective that changes form based on grammar (Ism Manqus).
  • The feminine form is 'kāfiyah' (كافية).
  • It is used for both physical items and abstract concepts like time or evidence.

The Arabic word كافٍ (Kāfin) is a foundational adjective derived from the root k-f-y (ك-ف-ي), which fundamentally pertains to the concept of sufficiency, adequacy, and the state of being 'enough'. In its essence, it describes a quantity, quality, or action that meets the specific requirements of a situation without the need for further addition. Unlike words that imply abundance or excess, كافٍ focuses on the precise point where a need is satisfied. It is the linguistic equivalent of the 'Goldilocks zone'—not too little, not too much, but exactly what is required to achieve a purpose.

Grammatical Nature
It is an active participle (اسم فاعل) of the verb كفى (to suffice). It follows the pattern of 'Ism Manqus', where the final 'ya' is dropped in the nominative and genitive cases when indefinite.
Semantic Range
It spans from physical quantities (food, water) to abstract concepts (evidence, time, reasons).
Pragmatic Use
Used to set boundaries, confirm satisfaction, or politely decline further offers.

هذا الطعام كافٍ للجميع اليوم.

Translation: This food is sufficient for everyone today.

In a deeper philosophical sense, كافٍ suggests a state of contentment. When someone says 'Kafā!' (Enough!), they are drawing a line. In the Qur'anic context, the phrase 'Kafā billāhi shahīdan' (Allah is sufficient as a witness) elevates the word from mere quantity to ultimate reliability. It implies that no other witness is needed because the primary one covers all requirements. This richness makes it a versatile tool for both daily transactions and high-level theological discourse.

هل لديك وقت كافٍ لإنهاء المشروع؟

Translation: Do you have enough time to finish the project?

الأدلة ليست كافية لإدانته.

Translation: The evidence is not sufficient to convict him.
Visualizing Sufficiency
Imagine a glass filled exactly to the brim. Not overflowing (wāfir), not half-empty (qalīl), but 'kāfin'.

خمسة آلاف ليرة مبلغ كافٍ للرحلة.

Translation: Five thousand Lira is a sufficient amount for the trip.

أعتقد أن هذا الشرح كافٍ الآن.

Translation: I think this explanation is enough now.
The 'Ya' Mystery
The word is actually 'Kāfiy' (كافي), but the 'y' disappears in specific grammar rules. You will see 'al-Kāfī' (the sufficient) with the 'y' restored when the definite article 'al' is added.

Using كافٍ correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical status as an 'Ism Manqus' (defective noun/adjective ending in 'ya'). This is the most critical hurdle for intermediate learners. In the nominative (Marfu') and genitive (Majrur) cases, if the word is indefinite, the final 'ya' is deleted and replaced by a double kasra (tanwin al-iwad). However, if the word is definite (al-kāfī) or in the accusative case (kāfiyan), the 'ya' returns.

1. Sentence Placement

It usually follows the noun it describes as an attributive adjective or acts as the predicate (khabar) of a sentence. For example, 'Zādun kāfin' (Sufficient provisions) or 'Hādhā kāfin' (This is enough). Note that it must agree in gender. The feminine form is كافية (kāfiyah), where the 'ya' is always present because of the ta-marbuta.

لدينا موارد كافية للشتاء.
We have sufficient resources for the winter. (Feminine plural agreement)

2. Common Structures

  • Kāfin li... (Enough for...): Used to specify the beneficiary or purpose. 'Kāfin lil-jamī' (Enough for everyone).
  • Bi-shaklin kāfin (In a sufficient manner): Used as an adverbial phrase meaning 'sufficiently'.
  • Ghayr kāfin (Insufficient): The standard way to negate the adjective.
لم ينم بشكل كافٍ ليلة أمس.
He did not sleep sufficiently last night.

3. The Accusative Trap

In sentences using 'Kāna' (was) or 'Inna' (indeed), the word often enters the accusative case. Here, the 'ya' must be written: 'Kāna al-waqtu كافياً' (The time was enough). Forgetting this 'ya' is a common B1-level error.

4. Abstract vs. Concrete

You can use it for concrete things like 'mā' (water) or abstract things like 'sabab' (reason). 'Sabab kāfin' means a 'sufficient reason' or 'justification'. In legal and academic writing, this is very common.

هل هذا كافٍ لإقناعك؟
Is this enough to convince you?

The word كافٍ is ubiquitous in Arabic, appearing in contexts ranging from the kitchen to the courtroom. Its frequency in daily life makes it one of the most practical adjectives to master at the B1 level.

1. Daily Transactions and Hospitality

In a restaurant or at a friend's house, you will hear this word constantly. When a host offers more food, a guest might say, 'Shukran, hādhā kāfin' (Thank you, this is enough). It is a polite way to signal satisfaction. In markets, you might ask, 'Hal hādhā al-mablagh kāfin؟' (Is this amount enough?).

لا تضف المزيد من السكر، هذا كافٍ.
Don't add more sugar, this is enough.

2. News and Media

In news broadcasts, you'll hear it regarding humanitarian aid or political justifications. 'Al-musā'adāt ghayr kāfiyah' (The aid is insufficient) is a common headline. Journalists use it to evaluate whether measures taken by governments meet the needs of the public.

3. Academic and Professional Settings

In a meeting, a manager might say, 'Ladaynā bayānāt kāfiyah' (We have sufficient data). In schools, teachers might tell students, 'Al-waqtu ghayr kāfin lil-imtihān' (The time is not enough for the exam). It carries a tone of objective assessment in these contexts.

نحتاج إلى أدلة كافية قبل اتخاذ القرار.
We need sufficient evidence before making the decision.

4. Religious and Spiritual Contexts

The name 'Al-Kāfī' is one of the attributes of God in Islam, meaning 'The All-Sufficient One' who provides everything His creation needs. You will hear phrases like 'Hasbiyallāhu wa ni'mal wakīl' which shares the semantic space of sufficiency—God is enough for me.

5. Literature and Formal Writing

In novels, an author might describe a character's silence as 'Kāfin' to convey a message. 'Kānat nazratuhu kāfiyah' (His look was enough). It adds a layer of economy to the prose, suggesting that words were unnecessary.

Even advanced learners struggle with the nuances of كافٍ. Because it belongs to a special class of nouns, it doesn't behave like standard adjectives. Here are the most frequent pitfalls:

1. The 'Invisible' Ya

The biggest mistake is writing كافي when it should be كافٍ. Many students assume the 'ya' is always there because they hear it in the definite form 'Al-Kāfī'. Remember: No 'Al', no 'Ya' (unless it's accusative or feminine).

❌ خطأ: هذا غير كافي.
✅ صح: هذا غير كافٍ.

2. Gender Agreement Confusion

Learners often forget that when the noun is feminine, the 'ya' *must* return before the ta-marbuta. They might try to apply the 'dropping rule' to the feminine form, which is incorrect. It is always كافية.

3. Confusing 'Kāfin' with 'Bass'

In Levantine or Egyptian dialects, 'Bass' is used for 'enough'. However, in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), 'Bass' means 'only'. Using 'Bass' in a formal MSA context to mean 'sufficient' is a stylistic error. Use كافٍ instead.

4. Case Sensitivity in 'Kāna' Sentences

When 'Kāfin' is the predicate of 'Kāna', it must be in the accusative case. Many forget to add the 'alif' and 'ya'.

❌ خطأ: لم يكن الوقت كافٍ.
✅ صح: لم يكن الوقت كافياً.

5. Overusing the Word

While 'kāfin' is great, using it for everything can make your Arabic sound repetitive. Try synonyms like 'mulā'im' (suitable) or 'wāfir' (ample) when appropriate to vary your vocabulary.

Understanding the synonyms and related terms for كافٍ helps you navigate the subtle differences between 'just enough' and 'more than enough'.

مُناسِب (Munāsib) - Suitable
While 'kāfin' refers to quantity, 'munāsib' refers to quality or fit. A 'kāfin' amount of money might not be 'munāsib' (appropriate) for a luxury gift.
وافِر (Wāfir) - Ample/Abundant
This goes beyond 'kāfin'. If 'kāfin' is 100%, 'wāfir' is 150%. Use it when there is plenty to spare.
مُكتَفٍ (Muktafin) - Content/Self-sufficient
This is usually used for people. A person who is 'muktafin' doesn't need help from others. It's the human state of 'kāfin'.
الفرق بين كافٍ و كثير:
كافٍ = Enough for the purpose.
كثير = A large amount (might be too much).

Comparing 'Kāfin' and 'Tamām'

In spoken Arabic, 'Tamām' is often used to mean 'everything is fine/enough'. However, 'Tamām' implies perfection or completion, whereas 'Kāfin' strictly implies that the requirement has been met. If you are filling a car with petrol, you stop when it's 'kāfin', but the car's condition might be 'tamām'.

Antonyms to Know

  • قليل (Qalīl): Little/Few. The opposite of having enough.
  • ناقص (Nāqis): Lacking/Incomplete. Used when something is missing to reach the 'kāfin' state.
  • شحيح (Shahīh): Scarce. Used for resources like water or money in a desert or crisis.
هذا الشرح وافٍ وكافٍ.
A common idiom: 'This explanation is ample and sufficient' (covering all bases).

How Formal Is It?

난이도

알아야 할 문법

Ism Manqus

Tanwin al-Iwad

Kāna and its sisters

Adjective-Noun agreement

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수준별 예문

1

هذا الخبز كافٍ.

This bread is enough.

Simple subject-predicate sentence.

2

هل الماء كافٍ؟

Is the water enough?

Interrogative sentence.

3

شكراً، هذا كافٍ.

Thank you, this is enough.

Common polite phrase.

4

عندي أقلام كافية.

I have enough pens.

Feminine plural agreement.

5

هذا ليس كافياً.

This is not enough.

Negation using 'laysa' (accusative).

6

أريد حليباً كافياً.

I want enough milk.

Accusative case (object).

7

التفاح كافٍ لنا.

The apples are enough for us.

Use of preposition 'li'.

8

خمسة كافٍ.

Five is enough.

Numerical sufficiency.

1

هل لديك وقت كافٍ للدراسة؟

Do you have enough time for studying?

Abstract noun usage.

2

هذه الغرفة كافية لشخصين.

This room is enough for two people.

Feminine adjective agreement.

3

المبلغ غير كافٍ لشراء السيارة.

The amount is not enough to buy the car.

Negation with 'ghayr'.

4

نحتاج كراسي كافية للضيوف.

We need enough chairs for the guests.

Attributive adjective.

5

هل الطعام كافٍ للجميع؟

Is the food enough for everyone?

General sufficiency.

6

ليس عندي معلومات كافية.

I don't have enough information.

Abstract feminine plural.

7

أعطني قدراً كافياً من السكر.

Give me a sufficient amount of sugar.

Accusative case.

8

هذا التفسير كافٍ لي.

This explanation is enough for me.

Subjective sufficiency.

1

لم يكن الوقت كافياً لإنهاء الامتحان.

The time was not enough to finish the exam.

Accusative after 'kāna'.

2

هل تعتقد أن هذه الأدلة كافية؟

Do you think this evidence is sufficient?

Abstract plural agreement.

3

يجب أن ننام بشكل كافٍ كل ليلة.

We must sleep sufficiently every night.

Adverbial phrase 'bi-shaklin kāfin'.

4

لديه خبرة كافية لهذا المنصب.

He has sufficient experience for this position.

Professional context.

5

هذه الميزانية كافية للمشروع.

This budget is sufficient for the project.

Financial context.

6

لا توجد مساحة كافية في الحقيبة.

There isn't enough space in the bag.

Physical constraint.

7

قدمت له سبباً كافياً للرحيل.

I gave him a sufficient reason to leave.

Logical sufficiency.

8

هل الملح كافٍ في الحساء؟

Is the salt enough in the soup?

Culinary context.

1

البيانات المتوفرة غير كافية لإجراء تحليل دقيق.

The available data is insufficient to conduct a precise analysis.

Academic negation.

2

لم تستثمر الشركة موارد كافية في البحث.

The company did not invest sufficient resources in research.

Corporate context.

3

يجب توفير حماية كافية للمدنيين.

Sufficient protection must be provided for civilians.

Humanitarian context.

4

هل هذه الضمانات كافية لإتمام الصفقة؟

Are these guarantees sufficient to complete the deal?

Legal/Business context.

5

لم يكن الرد كافياً لتبديد المخاوف.

The response was not sufficient to dispel the fears.

Political rhetoric.

6

تحدث بوضوح كافٍ ليفهمه الجميع.

He spoke with enough clarity for everyone to understand him.

Adverbial usage.

7

هناك أدلة كافية تدعم هذه النظرية.

There is sufficient evidence supporting this theory.

Scientific context.

8

لم تكن الإجراءات الأمنية كافية لمنع الحادث.

The security measures were not sufficient to prevent the accident.

Formal evaluation.

1

إن ما قدمته من تضحيات كافٍ لإثبات ولائك.

The sacrifices you have made are sufficient to prove your loyalty.

Emphasis with 'Inna'.

2

لم يكن النقد الموجه كافياً لزعزعة ثقته.

The directed criticism was not sufficient to shake his confidence.

Psychological context.

3

هل تعتبر هذه الخطوات كافية لاستعادة التوازن البيئي؟

Do you consider these steps sufficient to restore ecological balance?

Environmental discourse.

4

كانت إيماءة بسيطة منه كافية لإنهاء النقاش.

A simple gesture from him was enough to end the debate.

Literary nuance.

5

لا يمكننا القول بأن هذه التدابير كافية بحد ذاتها.

We cannot say that these measures are sufficient in themselves.

Philosophical qualification.

6

لم يجد القاضي سبباً كافياً لتمديد الحبس.

The judge did not find a sufficient reason to extend the detention.

Legal terminology.

7

تتطلب هذه المهمة تركيزاً كافياً وصبراً طويلاً.

This task requires sufficient focus and long patience.

Paired adjectives.

8

هل الثقافة العامة كافية للنجاح في هذا العصر؟

Is general culture sufficient for success in this era?

Sociological question.

1

كفى بالله شهيداً بيني وبينكم.

Allah is sufficient as a witness between me and you.

Classical/Religious structure.

2

إن الاكتفاء بما هو كافٍ هو جوهر الزهد.

Being content with what is sufficient is the essence of asceticism.

Philosophical abstract.

3

لم تكن الحجج الفلسفية كافية لدحض يقينه.

The philosophical arguments were not sufficient to refute his certainty.

Epistemological context.

4

هل ترى أن الوجود المادي كافٍ لتفسير الوعي؟

Do you see that material existence is sufficient to explain consciousness?

Metaphysical inquiry.

5

كان صمته أبلغ من أي كلام، بل كان كافياً ووافياً.

His silence was more eloquent than any words; indeed, it was ample and sufficient.

Rhetorical pairing.

6

لا تعد هذه الشروط كافية لاستيفاء متطلبات العقد الدولي.

These conditions are not considered sufficient to meet the requirements of the international contract.

Formal legal passive.

7

هل يكفي أن يكون المرء طيباً ليكون كافياً في نظر المجتمع؟

Is it enough to be good to be 'sufficient' in the eyes of society?

Existential wordplay.

8

إن مجرد الظن ليس كافياً لإصدار حكم تاريخي.

Mere suspicion is not sufficient to issue a historical judgment.

Historiographical context.

자주 쓰는 조합

وقت كافٍ
أدلة كافية
سبب كافٍ
بشكل كافٍ
مبلغ كافٍ
معلومات كافية
طعام كافٍ
مساحة كافية
خبرة كافية
دعم كافٍ

자주 쓰는 구문

هذا كافٍ جداً
غير كافٍ بالمرة
بما فيه الكفاية
هل هذا كافٍ؟
ليس كافياً بعد
بقدر كافٍ
بصورة كافية
كافٍ ووافٍ
إذا كان كافياً
أكثر من كافٍ

자주 혼동되는 단어

كافٍ vs كثير (Many/Much)

كافٍ vs وافٍ (Ample)

كافٍ vs مناسب (Suitable)

관용어 및 표현

"كفى بالله شهيداً"
"كفى بالموت واعظاً"
"الضربة الكافية"
"بما فيه الكفاية"
"كافٍ ووافٍ"
"لا يكفي لسد الرمق"
"كفى المرء كذباً"
"أعطى كفايته"
"على قدر الكفاية"
"كفى بنفسك اليوم عليك حسيباً"

혼동하기 쉬운

كافٍ vs كفّ

كافٍ vs كفة

كافٍ vs كفؤ

كافٍ vs كفيل

كافٍ vs كفن

문장 패턴

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사용법

nuance

'Kāfin' is objective; 'Muktafin' is subjective.

dialects

In Egyptian, 'Kifāya' is more common as a noun/interjection.

자주 하는 실수
  • Writing كافي without 'Al'.
  • Using كافٍ for a feminine noun.
  • Forgetting the 'ya' in the accusative case (kāfiyan).
  • Confusing it with 'kāffah' (all/entirety).
  • Using it to mean 'full' (stomach) instead of 'shab'ān'.

팁

The Tanwin Rule

Always place the double kasra under the 'fa', not a 'ya'. It signifies the 'ya' was there but left.

Polite Declining

Use 'Hādhā kāfin, shukran' to stop someone from pouring more tea. It's very natural.

Academic Tone

Use 'ghayr kāfin' instead of 'qalīl' when criticizing a study's data. It sounds more professional.

Root Connections

Connect it to 'Kifāya' (sufficiency) to remember the meaning.

Endings Matter

Listen for the 'in' vs 'iyan' to identify the grammatical case in news clips.

Hospitality Tip

If a host says 'Mish kāfī' (It's not enough), they are being humble about their offering.

Feminine Plurals

Remember that non-human plurals like 'adillah' (evidence) take the feminine singular 'kāfiyah'.

The 'Enough' Link

Kāfin = 'K' for 'Keep the rest, I have enough'.

Adverbial Use

Combine with 'bi-shaklin' to create 'sufficiently'.

No 'Al' with 'Kāfin'

Never write 'Al-Kāfin'. It's either 'Al-Kāfī' or 'Kāfin'.

암기하기

어원

Semitic root K-F-Y

문화적 맥락

The name Al-Kāfī is used in prayers for protection and provision.

Never say 'this is enough' too early to a host.

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

대화 시작하기

"هل تعتقد أن الوقت كافٍ لإنهاء هذا؟"

"هل هذا الطعام كافٍ للجميع؟"

"هل لديك معلومات كافية عن الموضوع؟"

"كيف نعرف أن هذا المبلغ كافٍ؟"

"هل الشرح كان كافياً بالنسبة لك؟"

일기 주제

Write about a time when you didn't have enough (ghayr kāfin) time.

What is 'kāfin' for you to feel happy today?

Describe a meal that was 'kāfin' and satisfying.

Is money ever 'kāfin'? Discuss.

Reflect on the phrase 'Kafā billāhi shahīdan'.

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

Because it is an Ism Manqus. In Arabic grammar, the final 'ya' of an indefinite noun/adjective is dropped in the nominative and genitive cases. This is replaced by tanwin kasra.

The 'ya' returns in three cases: 1) If the word is definite (Al-Kāfī), 2) If it is feminine (Kāfiyah), or 3) If it is in the accusative case (Kāfiyan).

Usually, we use 'muktafin' for people (self-sufficient). 'Kāfin' is used for things or actions that satisfy a need.

It is formal (MSA). In dialects, people often say 'bikaffi' or 'kifāya'.

The most common way is 'ghayr kāfin' (غير كافٍ).

'Kāfin' means enough (meeting a requirement). 'Kathīr' means a lot (quantity). You can have 'kathīr' but still not 'kāfin' if the requirement is very high.

It is an adjective, but like many Arabic adjectives, it can function as a noun depending on the context.

It is spelled كافية (Kāfiyah).

The root is K-F-Y (ك-ف-ي).

No, 'kāfin' is the adjective. The verb is 'kafā' (to suffice).

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