Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use the -ейки or -айки suffix to describe an action happening at the same time as the main verb.
- Add -ейки to imperfective verbs ending in -я: четя -> четейки (reading).
- Add -айки to imperfective verbs ending in -а: пея -> пеейки (singing).
- The subject of the gerund must be the same as the subject of the main verb.
Gerund Formation
| Verb (Infinitive) | 3rd Plural Present | Gerund |
|---|---|---|
|
чета
|
четат
|
четейки
|
|
пея
|
пеят
|
пеейки
|
|
пиша
|
пишат
|
пишейки
|
|
говоря
|
говорят
|
говорейки
|
|
мисля
|
мислят
|
мислейки
|
Meanings
The Bulgarian gerund (деепричастие) expresses an action that occurs simultaneously with the main verb of the sentence.
Simultaneous Action
Describes an action performed while doing something else.
“Тя готви, слушайки музика.”
“Той чете, пиейки кафе.”
Manner of Action
Describes how the main action is performed.
“Той отговори, колебаейки се.”
“Тя влезе, тичайки.”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
Verb + ейки/айки
|
Четейки
|
|
Negative
|
Не + Verb + ейки/айки
|
Не четейки
|
|
Simultaneous
|
Subject + Verb + Gerund
|
Той яде, четейки
|
|
Manner
|
Subject + Verb + Gerund
|
Тя влезе, тичайки
|
격식 수준 스펙트럼
Той работи, слушайки музика. (Work environment)
Той работи и слуша музика. (Work environment)
Той бачка, слушайки музика. (Work environment)
Той бачка, слушайки яко музика. (Work environment)
Gerund Usage
Usage
- Simultaneous At the same time
- Manner How it's done
수준별 예문
Аз ям, гледайки телевизия.
I eat, watching TV.
Тя върви, пеейки песен.
She walks, singing a song.
Той влезе, усмихвайки се на всички.
He entered, smiling at everyone.
Работейки усилено, постигнахме целта си.
Working hard, we achieved our goal.
Слушайки внимателно, той разбра скрития смисъл.
Listening carefully, he understood the hidden meaning.
Размишлявайки върху миналото, тя взе важно решение.
Reflecting on the past, she made an important decision.
혼동하기 쉬운
Both look like verb forms, but -л is for past tense/states.
자주 하는 실수
Прочетейки книгата
Четейки книгата
Той яде, аз пиейки
Той яде, аз пия
Той говореше, пеейки
Той говореше, пеейки
Той влезе, седнал
Той влезе, сядайки
След като ядейки
Ядейки
문장 패턴
___ (verb) + ___ (gerund).
___ (subject) + ___ (verb) + ___ (gerund).
Не ___ (gerund), той не разбра.
Real World Usage
Анализирайки данните, установихме ръст.
Вървейки по улицата, тя видя стар приятел.
Пиейки кафе в Париж! #travel
Check the subject
Aspect matters
Use for flow
Smart Tips
Combine them with a gerund if the subject is the same.
Use gerunds to start sentences for a professional tone.
Replace 'и' (and) with a gerund.
발음
Suffix stress
The stress usually remains on the stem of the verb.
Rising-falling
Той влезе, ↗усмихвайки се↘.
Adds a descriptive, calm tone.
암기하기
기억법
Think of 'йки' as 'y-key'—it unlocks the second action happening at the same time.
시각적 연상
Imagine a person juggling while walking. The juggling is the gerund (-йки) happening while the walking (main verb) continues.
Rhyme
Когато правиш две неща, добави -йки към глагола в мига.
Story
Ivan was walking to work. He was whistling. He was also drinking coffee. 'Вървейки към работа, Иван свиреше, пиейки кафе.'
Word Web
챌린지
Write 3 sentences describing your morning routine using gerunds.
문화 노트
Gerunds are heavily used in classic Bulgarian literature to create vivid, descriptive imagery.
Using gerunds in professional correspondence is seen as a sign of high education.
Derived from Old Church Slavonic, it has been a staple of the Bulgarian literary language for centuries.
대화 시작하기
Какво правиш, слушайки музика?
Как се чувстваш, работейки под напрежение?
Виждал ли си някой, тичайки в парка?
일기 주제
자주 하는 실수
Test Yourself
Той влезе, ___ (пея).
___ (чета) книгата, тя заспа.
Find and fix the mistake:
Прочетейки книгата, той я затвори.
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
Score: /4
연습 문제
4 exercisesТой влезе, ___ (пея).
___ (чета) книгата, тя заспа.
Find and fix the mistake:
Прочетейки книгата, той я затвори.
музика / слушайки / работи / той
Score: /4
자주 묻는 질문 (6)
No, the gerund is strictly for imperfective verbs because it describes an ongoing action.
No, it is indeclinable and remains the same for all genders and numbers.
Avoid them in very casual, spoken language where they might sound overly formal or stiff.
You cannot use a gerund. You must use a subordinate clause with 'докато' (while).
It is more common in writing and formal speech, but educated speakers use it daily.
Simply add 'не' before the gerund, e.g., 'не знаейки'.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Gerundio (-ando/-iendo)
Spanish gerunds can sometimes be used as progressive tenses (estoy comiendo), which Bulgarian does not allow.
Gérondif (en + participe présent)
French requires the 'en' particle, whereas Bulgarian uses a suffix.
Partizip I
German Partizip I is used as an adjective more often than as a standalone adverbial phrase.
Te-form
Japanese te-form is much more versatile and used for almost all verb connections.
Hal (Adverbial Accusative)
Arabic Hal is a grammatical case, not a verb suffix.
