aufschreiben 30초 만에
- Aufschreiben is a separable German verb meaning 'to write down' or 'to note,' essential for daily organization and recording information.
- It differs from 'schreiben' by emphasizing the goal of remembering or documenting specific details like numbers, names, or lists.
- Grammatically, it is a strong verb (schrieb auf, aufgeschrieben) and the prefix 'auf' moves to the end in main clauses.
- Commonly used with the dative reflexive 'sich (Dativ) etwas aufschreiben' to indicate writing something down for one's own benefit.
The German verb aufschreiben is a fundamental action verb that every learner should master early in their journey. At its core, it means 'to write down' or 'to make a note of something.' Unlike the simple verb schreiben (to write), which refers to the general act of writing, aufschreiben specifically implies the act of recording information so that it is not forgotten. It is the transition of a thought, a spoken word, or a visual observation onto a physical or digital medium for future reference. This nuance is crucial: you schreiben a book, but you aufschreiben a phone number or a grocery list.
- The Prefix 'auf-'
- In this context, the prefix 'auf-' suggests the action of putting something 'onto' a surface, typically paper. It transforms the general action into a specific, goal-oriented task of documentation.
- Separable Nature
- As a separable verb (trennbares Verb), the 'auf' moves to the end of the sentence in the present and simple past tenses. For example: 'Ich schreibe es auf.'
"Kannst du bitte die Adresse aufschreiben? Ich habe mein Handy vergessen." (Can you please write down the address? I forgot my phone.)
In a broader sense, aufschreiben is used in academic, professional, and personal contexts. In a lecture, you schreiben notes auf. In a meeting, the secretary schreibt the minutes auf. It carries a sense of preservation. Without the 'auf', the sentence 'Ich schreibe die Telefonnummer' sounds incomplete to a native speaker, as if you are merely practicing the calligraphy of the numbers rather than recording them for a purpose.
- Physical vs. Digital
- While historically linked to paper, modern German uses aufschreiben for typing notes into a smartphone or computer as well.
"Der Arzt hat mir ein Rezept aufgeschrieben." (The doctor wrote me a prescription.)
Furthermore, the verb can take on a slightly more formal tone in legal or administrative settings, such as a police officer 'aufschreiben' (recording) the details of an accident. In this case, it overlaps with protokollieren, but remains the more common, everyday term.
- Memory Aid
- Think of 'auf' as 'up'—you are picking the thought 'up' and putting it down on paper.
"Ich muss mir das aufschreiben, sonst vergesse ich es wieder." (I must write that down, otherwise I'll forget it again.)
Using aufschreiben correctly requires an understanding of German sentence structure, specifically the behavior of separable verbs. Because it is a transitive verb, it almost always takes an accusative object—the thing that is being written down. Additionally, you can use a dative object to indicate for whom the information is being written.
1. Sentence Structure in Present Tense
In a standard main clause, the 'auf' moves to the very end. This can be tricky for English speakers who want to keep 'write down' together.
- Correct: Ich schreibe die Hausaufgaben auf.
- Incorrect: Ich aufschreibe die Hausaufgaben.
"Schreibst du dir meine Nummer auf?" (Are you writing down my number for yourself?)
2. Using the Dative Reflexive
Often, Germans use the dative reflexive pronoun sich (Dativ) to indicate they are writing something down for their own benefit. 'Ich schreibe mir die Vokabeln auf.' This 'mir' emphasizes that the action is for the speaker's own memory.
- Reflexive Construction
- Subject + Verb + Dative Pronoun + Accusative Object + Prefix.
3. Past Tenses
In the Perfekt (spoken past), the 'ge' is sandwiched between the prefix and the root: aufgeschrieben. In the Präteritum (written past), it remains separated: schrieb... auf.
"Er hat alles ganz genau aufgeschrieben." (He wrote everything down very precisely.)
4. Modal Verbs
When used with a modal verb like müssen, können, or sollen, the verb aufschreiben stays in its infinitive form at the end of the sentence.
"Du solltest dir den Termin sofort aufschreiben." (You should write down the appointment immediately.)
You will encounter aufschreiben in almost every facet of German life, from the classroom to the doctor's office. It is a word of utility and organization. Here are the most common scenarios where this verb is the star of the conversation.
1. Education and Learning
In a German school or university, teachers and professors frequently instruct students to take notes. You will hear: 'Bitte schreiben Sie das auf, das ist prüfungsrelevant' (Please write that down, it's relevant for the exam). It's the standard term for note-taking.
- Academic Context
- Refers to capturing key points from a lecture or a textbook.
2. Medical and Professional Settings
When a doctor prescribes medication, they 'schreiben ein Rezept auf.' Similarly, in a business meeting, someone might say, 'Wer schreibt das Protokoll auf?' (Who is writing down the minutes?). It implies an official recording of facts.
"Der Polizist hat meine Personalien aufgeschrieben." (The police officer wrote down my personal details.)
3. Daily Errands and Household
At home, the most common use is for the Einkaufsliste (shopping list). 'Wir haben keine Milch mehr, schreib das bitte auf!' (We're out of milk, please write that down!). It's also used when sharing recipes or giving someone directions over the phone.
4. In the Kitchen
When following a grandmother's secret recipe, you might ask: 'Darf ich mir das Rezept aufschreiben?' This suggests a desire to preserve a tradition or a specific set of instructions.
- Social Interaction
- Often used when exchanging contact information: 'Soll ich dir meine E-Mail-Adresse aufschreiben?'
Even though aufschreiben seems straightforward, its status as a separable verb and its specific nuance compared to other 'writing' verbs lead to frequent errors for English and Romance language speakers.
1. Forgetting the Separation
The most common mistake is failing to move the 'auf' to the end of the sentence. Learners often say 'Ich aufschreibe die Notizen' because they are thinking of the English 'I write down the notes.' Remember: the prefix is the 'anchor' at the end of the clause.
Falsch: Ich aufschreibe die Nummer.
Richtig: Ich schreibe die Nummer auf.
2. Confusing with 'Mitschreiben'
While aufschreiben is general, mitschreiben specifically means to write down what someone is saying while they are saying it (simultaneous note-taking). If you are in a lecture, mitschreiben is often more accurate, though aufschreiben is not 'wrong'.
- aufschreiben
- To record a specific piece of info.
- mitschreiben
- To take continuous notes during a speech.
3. Incorrect Past Participle
Because it's a strong verb (schreiben -> schrieb -> geschrieben), the past participle must be aufgeschrieben. Many learners try to make it weak: 'aufgeschreibt', which is incorrect.
4. Using 'aufschreiben' for Creative Writing
You don't aufschreiben a poem or a novel unless you are just jotting down the initial idea. For the act of composing, use schreiben or verfassen. Aufschreiben is for facts, data, and reminders.
German has a rich variety of verbs for 'writing,' each with a specific context. Understanding the differences between aufschreiben and its synonyms will help you reach a B2/C1 level of fluency.
1. Notieren
Notieren is the most direct synonym for aufschreiben. It sounds slightly more formal or professional. You 'notieren' points during a business call. It is not a separable verb, which makes it easier for some learners to use.
"Bitte notieren Sie sich die folgenden Punkte." (Please note down the following points.)
2. Mitschreiben
As mentioned before, mitschreiben implies writing along with a speaker. If a teacher says 'Schreibt mit!', they want you to take notes as they talk.
3. Festhalten
Literally 'to hold fast,' festhalten is used metaphorically to mean 'to record' or 'to capture' an idea or a moment. It is often used in journalism or photography, but also for writing: 'Wir müssen diese Idee schriftlich festhalten.'
- Verfassen
- To compose or draft a formal text (essay, letter, article).
- Eintragen
- To enter information into a list, a form, or a calendar.
4. Protokollieren
This is the most formal version, meaning to keep an official record or minutes of a meeting or legal proceeding.
How Formal Is It?
발음 가이드
난이도
알아야 할 문법
Separable Verbs
Strong Verbs (Vowel Change)
Dative Reflexive Pronouns
Sentence Structure (Verb Second Position)
Subordinate Clauses (Verb Final)
수준별 예문
Ich schreibe den Namen auf.
I am writing the name down.
Present tense, separable verb.
Schreib bitte die Nummer auf!
Please write the number down!
Imperative form.
Kannst du das aufschreiben?
Can you write that down?
Modal verb 'können' + infinitive.
Wir schreiben die Einkaufsliste auf.
We are writing down the shopping list.
Plural subject.
Er schreibt die Adresse auf.
He is writing down the address.
Third person singular.
Schreibst du das Wort auf?
Are you writing the word down?
Question form.
Ich muss das aufschreiben.
I must write that down.
Modal verb 'müssen'.
Sie schreibt alles auf.
She writes everything down.
Use of 'alles' as object.
Ich habe mir die Hausaufgaben aufgeschrieben.
I wrote down the homework for myself.
Perfekt tense with dative reflexive 'mir'.
Hast du die Telefonnummer aufgeschrieben?
Did you write down the phone number?
Perfekt tense question.
Er schrieb die Nachricht auf einen Zettel.
He wrote the message on a piece of paper.
Präteritum (Simple Past).
Wir haben alles Wichtige aufgeschrieben.
We wrote down everything important.
Perfekt tense.
Soll ich dir das Rezept aufschreiben?
Should I write down the recipe for you?
Modal verb 'sollen' + dative 'dir'.
Sie hat sich den Termin nicht aufgeschrieben.
She didn't write down the appointment.
Negation in Perfekt.
Können Sie mir das bitte aufschreiben?
Could you please write that down for me?
Polite form 'Sie'.
Ich schreibe mir die Vokabeln immer auf.
I always write down the vocabulary.
Adverb 'immer' position.
Es ist wichtig, dass du dir die Details aufschreibst.
It is important that you write down the details.
Subordinate clause with 'dass'.
Wenn ich es nicht aufschreibe, vergesse ich es.
If I don't write it down, I forget it.
Conditional 'wenn' clause.
Der Arzt hat mir ein neues Medikament aufgeschrieben.
The doctor prescribed (wrote down) a new medication for me.
Contextual meaning: to prescribe.
Bevor wir gehen, müssen wir die Zählerstände aufschreiben.
Before we leave, we must write down the meter readings.
Temporal 'bevor' clause.
Ich habe mir die Fragen für das Interview aufgeschrieben.
I wrote down the questions for the interview.
Dative reflexive.
Die Zeugen sollten alles aufschreiben, was sie gesehen haben.
The witnesses should write down everything they saw.
Relative clause 'was sie gesehen haben'.
Warum hast du dir meine Adresse nicht aufgeschrieben?
Why didn't you write down my address?
Interrogative 'warum' in Perfekt.
Ich schreibe mir jeden Tag meine Träume auf.
I write down my dreams every day.
Daily routine context.
Während der Vorlesung schrieb er eifrig alles auf.
During the lecture, he eagerly wrote everything down.
Genitive preposition 'während' + Präteritum.
Die Ergebnisse wurden sofort aufgeschrieben.
The results were written down immediately.
Passive voice (Vorgangspassiv).
Man sollte sich die Kritikpunkte aufschreiben, um sich zu verbessern.
One should write down the points of criticism to improve.
Infinitive construction with 'um... zu'.
Ich habe mir vorgenommen, meine Gedanken öfter aufzuschreiben.
I have planned to write down my thoughts more often.
Infinitive with 'zu' (aufzuschreiben).
Hätten Sie das aufgeschrieben, gäbe es jetzt keine Probleme.
If you had written that down, there wouldn't be any problems now.
Konjunktiv II (Irrealis).
Es reicht nicht, es nur zu hören; man muss es auch aufschreiben.
It's not enough just to hear it; one must also write it down.
Comparison structure.
Die Sekretärin schrieb die wichtigsten Punkte des Gesprächs auf.
The secretary wrote down the most important points of the conversation.
Präteritum.
Ich bat ihn, mir die Anleitung Schritt für Schritt aufzuschreiben.
I asked him to write down the instructions for me step by step.
Indirect request.
In seinem Tagebuch schrieb er seine tiefsten Ängste auf.
In his diary, he wrote down his deepest fears.
Literary/Reflective context.
Es gilt, die mündlichen Überlieferungen aufzuschreiben, bevor sie verloren gehen.
It is necessary to write down the oral traditions before they are lost.
Formal 'Es gilt... zu' construction.
Die Beamtin schrieb den Tathergang akribisch auf.
The official meticulously wrote down the course of events.
Adverb 'akribisch' (meticulous).
Oft hilft es, sich Sorgen aufzuschreiben, um den Kopf frei zu bekommen.
It often helps to write down worries to clear one's head.
Psychological context.
Er pflegte alle seine Ausgaben bis auf den letzten Cent aufzuschreiben.
He used to write down all his expenses down to the last cent.
'pflegen zu' + infinitive (habitual action).
Die Komponistin schrieb die Melodie sofort auf, als sie ihr einfiel.
The composer wrote the melody down immediately when it occurred to her.
Temporal 'als' clause.
Es ist ratsam, sich die Passwörter sicher aufzuschreiben.
It is advisable to write down passwords securely.
Adjective 'ratsam'.
Nachdem er die Adresse aufgeschrieben hatte, verlor er den Zettel.
After he had written down the address, he lost the note.
Plusquamperfekt.
Die Chronisten schrieben die Ereignisse für die Nachwelt auf.
The chroniclers wrote down the events for posterity.
Historical context.
Man kann die Komplexität dieses Systems kaum in wenigen Sätzen aufschreiben.
One can hardly write down the complexity of this system in a few sentences.
Abstract usage.
Er hat die Gabe, flüchtige Momente literarisch aufzuschreiben.
He has the gift of writing down fleeting moments in a literary way.
Noun-verb combination 'die Gabe haben'.
Es wäre vermessen zu glauben, man könne die gesamte Wahrheit aufschreiben.
It would be presumptuous to believe that one could write down the entire truth.
Konjunktiv I (indirect speech) + Konjunktiv II.
Die mühelose Art, wie sie ihre Gedanken aufschreibt, ist bewundernswert.
The effortless way she writes down her thoughts is admirable.
Relative clause with 'wie'.
Bevor das Wissen in Vergessenheit gerät, muss es aufgeschrieben werden.
Before the knowledge falls into oblivion, it must be written down.
Passive with modal verb.
Die polizeiliche Vernehmung wurde wortgetreu aufgeschrieben.
The police interrogation was written down verbatim.
Adverb 'wortgetreu'.
Sie schrieb ihre Memoiren auf, um mit der Vergangenheit abzuschließen.
She wrote down her memoirs to find closure with the past.
Purpose clause 'um... zu'.
자주 쓰는 조합
자주 쓰는 구문
자주 혼동되는 단어
To describe something in detail, not just to write it down.
To sign a document.
To make a writing mistake or for a doctor to prescribe (though aufschreiben is also used for prescriptions).
관용어 및 표현
혼동하기 쉬운
문장 패턴
사용법
Often used with a dative reflexive pronoun for personal benefit.
The prefix 'auf' separates in the present and simple past.
It requires an object (what is being written).
- Ich aufschreibe die Nummer.
- Ich habe das aufgeschreibt.
- Ich schreibe auf ein Buch.
- Schreib auf das!
- Er hat mir die Adresse aufschreiben.
팁
Separable Verb Rule
Always put the 'auf' at the very end of the main clause. 'Ich schreibe die Adresse auf.'
Use with Lists
This is the perfect verb for grocery lists, to-do lists, and contact info.
Dative Reflexive
Add 'mir' (to me) to sound more natural: 'Ich schreibe mir das mal auf.'
Spelling
Remember the 'ei' in 'schreiben' and 'ie' in 'schrieb'. It's a common spelling trap.
Medical Context
When a doctor says they will 'aufschreiben' something, they are usually giving you a prescription.
Note-taking
In class, use 'mitschreiben' if you are writing as the teacher speaks, and 'aufschreiben' for specific facts.
Visualization
Visualize yourself 'lifting' a word and putting it 'up' (auf) onto a piece of paper.
Precision
Germans value written proof. 'Aufschreiben' is the first step to making something official.
Avoid 'aufgeschreibt'
The past participle is 'aufgeschrieben'. Never use 'aufgeschreibt'.
Daily Habit
Every morning, 'schreib deine Aufgaben auf' (write down your tasks) in German.
암기하기
기억법
Think of 'Picking UP (auf) a pen to WRITE (schreiben)'.
어원
From Old High German 'scrīban' (to write), which was borrowed from Latin 'scribere'. The prefix 'auf-' (on/up) was added later to specify the act of recording.
문화적 맥락
Students are expected to 'mitschreiben' (take notes) diligently during lectures.
Official processes in Germany almost always require things to be 'aufgeschrieben' in a 'Protokoll'.
실생활에서 연습하기
실제 사용 상황
대화 시작하기
"Soll ich mir deine Nummer aufschreiben?"
"Hast du die Hausaufgaben aufgeschrieben?"
"Was hast du heute auf deine To-Do-Liste aufgeschrieben?"
"Kannst du mir den Namen des Films aufschreiben?"
"Schreibst du dir deine Träume auf?"
일기 주제
Schreibe drei Dinge auf, für die du heute dankbar bist.
Schreibe deine Ziele für die nächste Woche auf.
Was hat der Lehrer heute Wichtiges aufgeschrieben?
Schreibe ein kurzes Rezept auf, das du magst.
Schreibe auf, wie du dich heute fühlst.
자주 묻는 질문
10 질문Yes, in the present and simple past tenses of a main clause, the prefix 'auf' moves to the end.
Usually no. Use 'schreiben' or 'verfassen' for creative or long-form writing. 'Aufschreiben' is for notes.
'Notieren' is slightly more formal, but they are mostly interchangeable in daily life.
It is always 'haben' because it is a transitive verb involving an action.
No, it must be 'Ich schreibe die Nummer auf.' The object comes before the prefix.
It means to write something down for yourself so you don't forget it.
Informal: 'Schreib es auf!' Formal: 'Schreiben Sie es auf!'
Yes, it follows the pattern schreiben-schrieb-geschrieben.
Yes, a doctor can 'ein Rezept aufschreiben'.
It goes between the prefix and the verb: auf-ge-schrieben.
셀프 테스트 180 질문
Listen and write: 'Schreib das auf!'
Listen and write: 'Ich muss mir das aufschreiben.'
Listen and write: 'Warum hast du dir meine Adresse nicht aufgeschrieben?'
Listen and write: 'Die Sekretärin schrieb die wichtigsten Punkte des Gesprächs auf.'
Listen and write: 'Es ist ratsam, sich die Passwörter sicher aufzuschreiben.'
Listen and write: 'Die mühelose Art, wie sie ihre Gedanken aufschreibt, ist bewundernswert.'
Listen and write: 'Ich schreibe auf.'
Listen and write: 'Hast du die Nummer?'
Listen and write: 'Schreib es dir auf!'
Listen and write: 'Die Ergebnisse wurden aufgeschrieben.'
Listen and write: 'Die Beamtin schrieb den Tathergang auf.'
Listen and write: 'Die Chronisten schrieben alles auf.'
Listen and write: 'Schreib!'
/ 180 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
Mastering 'aufschreiben' is key to functional German; it allows you to capture information, follow instructions, and manage tasks. Remember to separate the 'auf' and use it whenever you are making a note to avoid forgetting.
- Aufschreiben is a separable German verb meaning 'to write down' or 'to note,' essential for daily organization and recording information.
- It differs from 'schreiben' by emphasizing the goal of remembering or documenting specific details like numbers, names, or lists.
- Grammatically, it is a strong verb (schrieb auf, aufgeschrieben) and the prefix 'auf' moves to the end in main clauses.
- Commonly used with the dative reflexive 'sich (Dativ) etwas aufschreiben' to indicate writing something down for one's own benefit.
Separable Verb Rule
Always put the 'auf' at the very end of the main clause. 'Ich schreibe die Adresse auf.'
Use with Lists
This is the perfect verb for grocery lists, to-do lists, and contact info.
Dative Reflexive
Add 'mir' (to me) to sound more natural: 'Ich schreibe mir das mal auf.'
Spelling
Remember the 'ei' in 'schreiben' and 'ie' in 'schrieb'. It's a common spelling trap.
예시
Du solltest dir das Datum aufschreiben.
관련 콘텐츠
communication 관련 단어
Ablehnung
A2거부 또는 거절. 무언가나 누군가를 받아들이지 않는 행위.
abonnieren
B1정기적으로 잡지나 스트리밍 서비스 등을 신청해서 자동으로 받는 것을 말해요.
Absage
B1거절 또는 취소. '입사 거절 통보를 받았다.'
absagen
A2약속이나 행사를 취소하다
Abschied
A2작별 인사를 하거나 떠나는 행위. 친구나 가족과 헤어지는 순간입니다.
Absender
A1편지나 소포 등을 보내는 사람이나 단체를 말합니다. 발송의 출처입니다.
Achtung
A2주의! 기차가 들어오고 있습니다.
Ähnlichkeit
A2두 대상이 서로 비슷하거나 공통된 특징을 가지고 있는 상태를 말해.
Akzent
A2그는 독일어 억양이 매우 강합니다.
anbieten
A1제공하다, 제안하다. '나는 당신에게 도움을 제안합니다.' (Ich biete Ihnen Hilfe an.)
