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A2 adjective #2,200 가장 일반적인 13분 분량

kürzer

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설명 kürzer in your Level:
At the A1 level, learners are introduced to the fundamental concept of comparing two items. The word 'kürzer' is presented as the direct comparative form of 'kurz' (short). The primary focus at this stage is on basic vocabulary acquisition and simple sentence construction. Learners are taught to recognize 'kürzer' in predicative sentences, where it acts as a simple descriptor following the verb 'sein' (to be). For example, 'Der Bleistift ist kürzer' (The pencil is shorter). The critical grammatical rule introduced here is the addition of the umlaut. Learners must memorize that 'kurz' becomes 'kürzer', not 'kurzer'. This phonological shift is essential for basic comprehension and pronunciation. At this level, 'kürzer' is almost exclusively used to describe physical length, such as the length of a line, a piece of string, or a physical object. The comparative particle 'als' (than) is also introduced in simple comparative structures, such as 'Das Lineal ist kürzer als das Buch' (The ruler is shorter than the book). The goal is to build confidence in making basic visual comparisons in everyday situations.
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At the A2 level, the usage of 'kürzer' expands significantly beyond simple physical descriptions. Learners begin to apply 'kürzer' to concepts of time and duration. They learn to express that a movie, a meeting, or a journey takes less time. Sentences like 'Der Film ist kürzer als das Buch' or 'Die Pause war kürzer' become standard. Furthermore, the concept of attributive declension is introduced. Learners must now navigate the complex system of adjective endings when 'kürzer' is placed before a noun. They practice forming phrases like 'ein kürzerer Weg' (a shorter way), 'eine kürzere Zeit' (a shorter time), and 'ein kürzeres Kleid' (a shorter dress). This requires a solid understanding of German cases (nominative, accusative, dative) and genders. The distinction between predicative (uninflected) and attributive (inflected) use is a major learning milestone. Learners also practice using 'kürzer' in everyday transactional situations, such as asking a hairdresser to cut their hair 'etwas kürzer' or asking for a 'kürzere Hose' in a clothing store.
At the B1 level, learners are expected to use 'kürzer' with greater fluency and grammatical accuracy in a wider variety of contexts. The declension of attributive adjectives becomes more natural, and learners can use 'kürzer' correctly in all four cases, including the genitive (e.g., 'aufgrund einer kürzeren Frist'). The vocabulary expands to include compound verbs and more nuanced expressions. Learners are introduced to the verb 'kürzertreten', meaning to take it easy or reduce one's workload, which is highly relevant for discussions about work-life balance and health. They also learn the phrase 'sich kürzer fassen' (to be more concise), which is useful in professional and academic environments. At this stage, learners can understand and produce more complex comparative sentences, using modifiers like 'viel' (much) or 'etwas' (somewhat) to specify the degree of difference, as in 'Der Weg ist viel kürzer'. The focus is on integrating 'kürzer' seamlessly into fluid conversation and written texts, demonstrating a solid grasp of its syntactic requirements.
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At the B2 level, the understanding of 'kürzer' deepens to include idiomatic and abstract usages. Learners encounter the common idiom 'den Kürzeren ziehen' (to draw the short straw, to lose out), which requires an understanding of metaphorical language. They can use this idiom appropriately in discussions about negotiations, competitions, or unfair situations. The usage of 'kürzer' in professional and formal contexts becomes more sophisticated. Learners can write formal emails requesting a 'kürzere Bearbeitungszeit' (shorter processing time) or summarize texts by making them 'kürzer und prägnanter' (shorter and more concise). They are also able to recognize and correct common errors, such as the incorrect use of 'wie' instead of 'als' in comparative clauses. The ability to use 'kürzer' alongside synonyms like 'knapper' or 'geringer' to express precise nuances of meaning is developed. At this level, 'kürzer' is not just a word for physical length, but a versatile tool for expressing efficiency, reduction, and comparative disadvantage in complex discussions.
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At the C1 level, learners possess a near-native command of 'kürzer'. They can deploy it effortlessly in highly complex syntactic structures and specialized vocabularies. The focus is on stylistic variation and precision. Learners can distinguish subtle differences between 'kürzer', 'knapper', 'kompakter', and 'prägnanter' in academic or professional writing, choosing the exact word that fits the register and tone of the text. They are comfortable with advanced grammatical constructions, such as extended participial phrases involving 'kürzer' (e.g., 'die im Vergleich zum Vorjahr deutlich kürzer ausgefallene Ernte'). The idiomatic use of 'kürzer' is fully integrated into their active vocabulary, allowing them to use phrases like 'am kürzeren Hebel sitzen' (to be at a disadvantage) naturally in debates or negotiations. They can also understand regional variations or historical uses of the word in literature. At this level, 'kürzer' is used with absolute grammatical precision, including flawless declension in the most complex noun phrases, reflecting a deep, intuitive understanding of German morphology and syntax.
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At the C2 level, the mastery of 'kürzer' is absolute, reflecting the proficiency of a highly educated native speaker. Learners can analyze the etymology and morphological development of the word, understanding its roots in Germanic languages. They can use 'kürzer' in creative, literary, or poetic contexts, playing with its literal and figurative meanings to achieve specific rhetorical effects. They are adept at using it in highly specialized fields, such as legal or technical German, where precise definitions of length or duration are critical. They can seamlessly integrate 'kürzer' into complex, multi-clause sentences without any hesitation or grammatical error. Furthermore, they can critically evaluate texts, identifying instances where 'kürzer' might be stylistically suboptimal and suggesting more refined alternatives. The usage of 'kürzer' at this level demonstrates not just linguistic competence, but cultural fluency, as the learner fully grasps the connotations, historical weight, and subtle pragmatic implications of the word in any given discourse.
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kürzer 30초 만에

  • Comparative of 'kurz' (short).
  • Requires an umlaut (ü).
  • Means 'shorter' in length or time.
  • Used with 'als' for comparisons.
The German comparative adjective 'kürzer' is a fundamental vocabulary item that serves as the primary mechanism for expressing a reduction in length, duration, or spatial extent. When learners first encounter this term, they must immediately recognize the morphological shift from the positive form 'kurz' to the comparative 'kürzer'. This transformation is not merely the addition of the standard comparative suffix '-er', but crucially involves the application of an umlaut to the stem vowel 'u', resulting in 'ü'. This phonological and orthographic change is a hallmark of many monosyllabic German adjectives, and mastering it is vital for achieving fluency.
Morphology
The addition of the umlaut is mandatory for the comparative form.
The failure to apply the umlaut results in 'kurzer', which is not a comparative at all, but rather a declined form of the positive adjective, as seen in phrases like 'ein kurzer Moment'. Therefore, the distinction between 'kurzer' and 'kürzer' is not just a matter of pronunciation, but of fundamental grammatical meaning. In everyday communication, 'kürzer' is ubiquitous. It is used to describe physical objects, such as a piece of string, a route to a destination, or an item of clothing.

Der Weg ist kürzer.

For instance, if one is at a tailor, they might request that a pair of trousers be made 'kürzer'. Beyond physical dimensions, 'kürzer' is equally important in temporal contexts. Time is frequently described as being 'kürzer', whether referring to a meeting that ended early, a brief pause, or the days growing shorter in the winter months. The versatility of 'kürzer' extends into idiomatic expressions as well. The phrase 'den Kürzeren ziehen', which literally translates to 'to draw the shorter one', is a common idiom meaning to lose out or to get the short end of the stick.
Idioms
Metaphorical usage is common in advanced German.
This idiom highlights how physical concepts of length are metaphorically mapped onto concepts of success and failure in German culture. Furthermore, the verb 'kürzertreten', meaning to step shorter or to take it easy, demonstrates the integration of 'kürzer' into compound verbs, reflecting a lifestyle choice of reducing one's workload or stress.

Die Zeit wird kürzer.

When using 'kürzer' in a sentence, it can function both predicatively and attributively. Predicatively, it remains uninflected, as in 'Der Weg ist kürzer'. Attributively, it must agree with the noun it modifies in gender, number, and case, leading to forms like 'ein kürzerer Weg', 'eine kürzere Zeit', and 'ein kürzeres Gespräch'.

Ein kürzerer Text ist besser.

This dual functionality requires learners to be highly attentive to the syntactic environment in which the word is deployed. The comparative particle 'als' is typically used in conjunction with 'kürzer' to establish the standard of comparison, as in 'Mein Weg ist kürzer als dein Weg'.
Syntax
Use 'als' for comparisons.
In spoken German, the pronunciation of 'kürzer' places the stress on the first syllable, with the 'ü' sound being short and crisp, followed by the vocalized 'r' in the unstressed '-er' suffix.

Mach es kürzer.

Mastering the articulation of the 'ü' is often a challenge for non-native speakers, but it is essential for clear communication. In summary, 'kürzer' is a multifaceted word that demands attention to morphology, syntax, semantics, and phonology. Its frequent appearance in both literal and figurative contexts makes it a cornerstone of intermediate and advanced German proficiency.

Das Leben ist kürzer als man denkt.

Understanding its nuances will greatly enhance your ability to express comparative relationships accurately and idiomatically in German.
Using 'kürzer' correctly involves understanding its syntactic roles as both a predicative and an attributive adjective. When used predicatively, 'kürzer' follows a linking verb such as 'sein' (to be), 'werden' (to become), or 'bleiben' (to remain). In this position, the adjective does not take any declension endings; it remains in its base comparative form.

Der Film ist kürzer.

This makes predicative usage relatively straightforward for learners, as they only need to remember the umlaut and the '-er' suffix. However, the complexity increases significantly when 'kürzer' is used attributively, meaning it directly precedes and modifies a noun. In this role, 'kürzer' must be declined according to the gender, number, and case of the noun it modifies, as well as the type of article preceding it (definite, indefinite, or zero article).
Declension
Attributive adjectives must match the noun's case, gender, and number.
For example, with a masculine noun in the nominative case following an indefinite article, the form is 'ein kürzerer Weg'. With a feminine noun, it becomes 'eine kürzere Zeit', and with a neuter noun, 'ein kürzeres Gespräch'.

Wir brauchen eine kürzere Pause.

In the plural, following a definite article, it would be 'die kürzeren Tage'. This intricate system of declension requires constant practice and memorization of the German case system. Another crucial aspect of using 'kürzer' is its interaction with the comparative particle 'als'. In German, 'als' is exclusively used to introduce the standard of comparison after a comparative adjective, equivalent to 'than' in English.
Comparison
Never use 'wie' with a comparative adjective; always use 'als'.
A common mistake among learners and even some native speakers in certain dialects is to use 'wie' instead of 'als' (e.g., 'kürzer wie'), but standard German strictly requires 'als'.

Mein Urlaub war kürzer als deiner.

Therefore, the correct formulation is always 'kürzer als'. Furthermore, 'kürzer' can be modified by adverbs of degree to intensify or specify the comparison. Words like 'viel' (much), 'etwas' (somewhat), 'noch' (even), and 'bedeutend' (significantly) are frequently placed before 'kürzer'.

Der Weg ist viel kürzer.

For instance, 'noch kürzer' means 'even shorter', emphasizing an extreme reduction in length. In professional and formal contexts, 'kürzer' is often used in compound verbs or fixed expressions. The verb 'kürzertreten' is a prime example, meaning to reduce one's professional or personal commitments, often for health or lifestyle reasons. Additionally, the phrase 'etwas kürzer fassen' means to express something more concisely, which is a common request in business meetings or academic writing.
Conciseness
Use 'kürzer fassen' to ask someone to be brief.
Mastering these various syntactic and pragmatic uses of 'kürzer' allows learners to communicate with greater precision and nuance, moving beyond simple physical descriptions to complex temporal and abstract comparisons.

Bitte fassen Sie sich kürzer.

Continuous exposure to these patterns through reading and listening will solidify the correct usage in the learner's mind.
The comparative adjective 'kürzer' is ubiquitous in the German-speaking world, appearing across a wide spectrum of contexts ranging from casual daily conversations to formal professional environments. One of the most common places you will hear 'kürzer' is in discussions about travel, commuting, and navigation. When comparing routes, individuals frequently debate which path is 'kürzer'.

Dieser Weg ist deutlich kürzer.

Navigation apps and GPS devices, while perhaps not explicitly saying the word, operate on the principle of finding the 'kürzere Route'. In public transport, announcements might mention that a train has a 'kürzere Aufenthaltszeit' (shorter dwell time) at a particular station.
Travel
Frequently used to describe routes and travel times.
Another prevalent context is the realm of personal grooming and fashion. At a hair salon, a customer will almost certainly use 'kürzer' when instructing the hairdresser. Phrases like 'Bitte etwas kürzer' (A bit shorter, please) or 'An den Seiten kürzer' (Shorter on the sides) are standard vocabulary in this setting.

Schneiden Sie die Haare bitte kürzer.

Similarly, in clothing stores or at a tailor, discussions about the length of trousers, skirts, or sleeves will inevitably involve the word 'kürzer'. In the workplace, 'kürzer' is frequently employed in the context of time management and efficiency. Meetings that drag on might prompt a manager to request that presentations be kept 'kürzer'.

Wir müssen das Meeting kürzer halten.

Deadlines might be described as 'kürzer' if a project schedule is compressed. The phrase 'sich kürzer fassen' is a polite but firm way to ask someone to get to the point.
Business
Essential for discussing time management and concise communication.
Furthermore, in the context of work-life balance, the verb 'kürzertreten' is often heard when colleagues discuss reducing their hours or taking on fewer responsibilities to manage stress.

Er muss aus gesundheitlichen Gründen kürzertreten.

In weather forecasts and seasonal discussions, 'kürzer' is used to describe the changing length of daylight. As winter approaches, it is a common observation that 'die Tage werden kürzer' (the days are getting shorter).
Nature
Used to describe daylight hours and seasonal changes.
Finally, in the realm of sports and competition, the idiom 'den Kürzeren ziehen' is frequently used by commentators and fans to describe the losing side in a close match or negotiation.

Unsere Mannschaft hat leider den Kürzeren gezogen.

This idiom is deeply ingrained in the language and is understood by all native speakers. Because 'kürzer' touches upon fundamental concepts of space, time, and comparison, it is an indispensable word that learners will encounter daily in almost every conceivable social and professional setting in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland.
When learning the comparative form 'kürzer', students frequently encounter several specific pitfalls that can hinder their fluency and accuracy. The most prominent and persistent mistake is the omission of the umlaut. The base adjective is 'kurz' (short), and learners often logically, but incorrectly, assume the comparative is simply 'kurzer'.

Falsch: Der Weg ist kurzer. Richtig: Der Weg ist kürzer.

This error is particularly problematic because 'kurzer' is actually a valid German word—it is the declined positive form used for masculine nouns in the nominative case, such as 'ein kurzer Text'.
Umlaut Error
Forgetting the umlaut changes the grammatical meaning entirely.
Therefore, failing to use the umlaut not only sounds incorrect but can genuinely confuse a native speaker regarding the intended grammatical structure. The transformation from 'u' to 'ü' is a critical phonetic and orthographic rule for many monosyllabic adjectives in the comparative, and it must be memorized. Another frequent mistake involves the incorrect use of comparative particles. In standard German, the particle 'als' must be used to introduce the standard of comparison after 'kürzer'.

Mein Haar ist kürzer als deins.

However, learners often mistakenly use 'wie', influenced either by their native language or by hearing colloquial, non-standard German dialects where 'wie' is sometimes used incorrectly for comparisons of inequality.
Particle Error
Using 'wie' instead of 'als' is a common grammatical mistake.
The rule is simple: use 'wie' for equality (so kurz wie) and 'als' for inequality (kürzer als). A third area of difficulty is the declension of 'kürzer' when used attributively. Because 'kürzer' already ends in '-er', learners sometimes hesitate to add further declension endings, resulting in grammatically incomplete phrases.

Wir brauchen einen kürzeren Text.

For instance, they might say 'ein kürzer Weg' instead of the correct 'ein kürzerer Weg'. The first '-er' is the comparative suffix, and the second '-er' is the masculine nominative strong ending.
Declension Error
Do not forget to add case endings to the comparative form.
This stacking of suffixes can look and sound strange to beginners, but it is grammatically required. Finally, learners sometimes confuse 'kürzer' with 'kleiner' (smaller). While both denote a reduction, 'kürzer' specifically refers to length or duration, whereas 'kleiner' refers to overall size, volume, or height.

Der Film ist kürzer, nicht kleiner.

Using 'kleiner' when referring to time or a linear distance is semantically incorrect. By consciously avoiding these common errors—remembering the umlaut, using 'als', applying correct declension endings, and distinguishing it from 'kleiner'—learners can significantly improve their mastery of 'kürzer'.
When expanding your German vocabulary around the concept of 'kürzer', it is highly beneficial to explore similar words, synonyms, and related terms that offer varying shades of meaning and can be used in different contexts. While 'kürzer' is the most direct and versatile translation for 'shorter', several other words can express related ideas of brevity, reduction, or conciseness. One such word is 'knapper'.

Die Zeit wird knapper.

'Knapp' translates to tight, scarce, or concise. When used in the comparative as 'knapper', it often implies that something is not just shorter, but that the shortness is causing a constraint or limitation, such as 'knappere Ressourcen' (scarcer resources) or a 'knappere Frist' (a tighter deadline).
Knapper
Implies scarcity or tightness in addition to being short.
Another related term is 'geringer', the comparative of 'gering' (low, small, slight). While 'kürzer' deals with length and time, 'geringer' deals with amount, extent, or importance.

Der Aufwand ist geringer.

You would use 'geringer' to describe a lower cost or a smaller effort, rather than a shorter physical distance. For expressions of time, 'schneller' (faster) is sometimes used interchangeably with 'kürzer' in colloquial speech, although they mean different things. A 'kürzere Route' (shorter route) might lead to a 'schnelleren Ankunft' (faster arrival).
Schneller
Relates to speed, often a consequence of a shorter distance.
In the context of written or spoken communication, words like 'prägnanter' (more concise) or 'kompakter' (more compact) are excellent sophisticated alternatives to 'kürzer'.

Bitte formulieren Sie das prägnanter.

If a teacher asks for a 'kürzeren Text', they might specifically mean a 'prägnanteren Text'—one that gets to the point without unnecessary words. When discussing physical size, 'kleiner' (smaller) is often confused with 'kürzer', but it is a distinct concept. 'Kleiner' refers to overall dimensions, whereas 'kürzer' is strictly one-dimensional (length) or temporal.

Das Brett muss kürzer geschnitten werden.

Finally, the word 'weniger' (less) is a fundamental comparative used for uncountable nouns, and while it doesn't mean 'shorter', it shares the concept of reduction.
Weniger
Used for uncountable quantities, expressing a reduction.
Understanding these nuances allows a learner to choose the most precise word for their intended meaning.

Wir haben weniger Zeit, also fassen wir uns kürzer.

By distinguishing 'kürzer' from 'knapper', 'geringer', 'prägnanter', and 'kleiner', you elevate your German from basic communication to nuanced and articulate expression.

How Formal Is It?

난이도

알아야 할 문법

Adjective Declension

Comparative and Superlative Forms

Umlaut Mutation in Adjectives

Using 'als' vs 'wie'

Compound Verbs

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수준별 예문

1

Der Stift ist kürzer.

The pen is shorter.

Predicative use, no ending.

2

Mein Weg ist kürzer.

My way is shorter.

Predicative use.

3

Das Lineal ist kürzer.

The ruler is shorter.

Predicative use.

4

Der Film ist kürzer.

The movie is shorter.

Temporal use.

5

Das Buch ist kürzer.

The book is shorter.

Predicative use.

6

Die Pause ist kürzer.

The break is shorter.

Temporal use.

7

Mach es kürzer.

Make it shorter.

Adverbial use.

8

Das Haar ist kürzer.

The hair is shorter.

Predicative use.

1

Mein Weg ist kürzer als dein Weg.

My way is shorter than your way.

Use of 'als' for comparison.

2

Die Tage werden im Winter kürzer.

The days get shorter in winter.

Used with 'werden'.

3

Ich brauche eine kürzere Hose.

I need shorter pants.

Attributive use, accusative feminine.

4

Der Zug hat eine kürzere Fahrzeit.

The train has a shorter travel time.

Attributive use.

5

Bitte schneiden Sie die Haare kürzer.

Please cut the hair shorter.

Adverbial use.

6

Ein kürzerer Text ist besser.

A shorter text is better.

Attributive use, nominative masculine.

7

Das Treffen war heute viel kürzer.

The meeting was much shorter today.

Modified by 'viel'.

8

Wir haben einen kürzeren Weg gefunden.

We found a shorter way.

Attributive use, accusative masculine.

1

Aufgrund der kürzeren Frist müssen wir uns beeilen.

Due to the shorter deadline, we have to hurry.

Attributive use in the dative case.

2

Könnten Sie sich bitte etwas kürzer fassen?

Could you please be a bit more concise?

Fixed expression 'sich kürzer fassen'.

3

Je kürzer die Wartezeit, desto besser für die Kunden.

The shorter the waiting time, the better for the customers.

Je... desto structure.

4

Er hat sich für die kürzere Variante entschieden.

He opted for the shorter variant.

Attributive use, accusative feminine.

5

Ein kürzerer Schlaf kann manchmal erholsamer sein.

A shorter sleep can sometimes be more restful.

Attributive use, nominative masculine.

6

Wir müssen die Präsentation deutlich kürzer machen.

We have to make the presentation significantly shorter.

Modified by 'deutlich'.

7

Die Nächte werden im Sommer immer kürzer.

The nights get shorter and shorter in summer.

Used with 'immer' to show progression.

8

Mit einem kürzeren Kabel funktioniert es besser.

It works better with a shorter cable.

Attributive use, dative neuter.

1

Bei dieser Verhandlung hat er leider den Kürzeren gezogen.

Unfortunately, he drew the short straw in this negotiation.

Idiom 'den Kürzeren ziehen'.

2

Der Arzt hat ihm geraten, beruflich etwas kürzertreten.

The doctor advised him to take it a bit easier professionally.

Compound verb 'kürzertreten'.

3

Eine kürzere Aufmerksamkeitsspanne ist ein Problem der heutigen Zeit.

A shorter attention span is a problem of modern times.

Complex noun phrase.

4

Trotz der kürzeren Vorbereitungszeit war das Projekt ein Erfolg.

Despite the shorter preparation time, the project was a success.

Genitive case after 'trotz'.

5

Wir sitzen am kürzeren Hebel und müssen die Bedingungen akzeptieren.

We are at a disadvantage and must accept the conditions.

Idiom 'am kürzeren Hebel sitzen'.

6

Der Autor hätte das Kapitel durchaus kürzer fassen können.

The author could certainly have kept the chapter shorter.

Modal verb perfect with 'kürzer fassen'.

7

Ein noch kürzerer Zeitraum steht uns nicht zur Verfügung.

An even shorter period of time is not available to us.

Modified by 'noch'.

8

Die Strecke ist zwar kürzer, aber weitaus gefährlicher.

The route is indeed shorter, but far more dangerous.

Contrastive use with 'zwar... aber'.

1

Angesichts der schwindenden Ressourcen sind wir gezwungen, deutlich kürzertreten.

Given the dwindling resources, we are forced to cut back significantly.

Advanced vocabulary integration.

2

In der politischen Debatte zog die Opposition letztlich den Kürzeren.

In the political debate, the opposition ultimately lost out.

Idiomatic use in a formal context.

3

Die im Vergleich zum Vorjahr kürzer ausgefallene Ernte treibt die Preise in die Höhe.

The harvest, which turned out shorter compared to the previous year, is driving up prices.

Extended participial phrase.

4

Es bedarf einer kürzeren, prägnanteren Formulierung, um den Kern der Sache zu treffen.

A shorter, more concise formulation is needed to get to the heart of the matter.

Genitive case with multiple adjectives.

5

Wer am kürzeren Hebel sitzt, muss oft strategische Kompromisse eingehen.

Those who are at a disadvantage often have to make strategic compromises.

Idiom used as a subject clause.

6

Die Halbwertszeit dieser Isotope ist um ein Vielfaches kürzer.

The half-life of these isotopes is many times shorter.

Scientific context, modified by 'um ein Vielfaches'.

7

Ein inhaltlich kürzerer, dafür aber substanziellerer Bericht wäre wünschenswert.

A report that is shorter in content but more substantial would be desirable.

Complex comparative structure.

8

Er versuchte, die Diskussion durch einen kürzeren Einwurf zu beenden.

He tried to end the discussion with a shorter interjection.

Attributive use in accusative masculine.

1

Die essayistische Form verlangt es, sich stilistisch kürzer zu fassen, ohne an Tiefe zu verlieren.

The essayistic form demands stylistic conciseness without losing depth.

Highly formal literary register.

2

Dass er bei der Vergabe der Fördermittel den Kürzeren zog, war ein herber Rückschlag.

The fact that he lost out in the allocation of funding was a bitter setback.

Idiom embedded in a 'dass'-clause.

3

Ein kürzertretender Vorstandsvorsitzender sendet oft ambivalente Signale an die Aktionäre.

A CEO who is stepping back often sends ambivalent signals to shareholders.

Present participle of a compound verb used attributively.

4

Die ephemere Natur des digitalen Diskurses macht die Halbwertszeit von Nachrichten immer kürzer.

The ephemeral nature of digital discourse makes the half-life of news ever shorter.

Abstract philosophical context.

5

Selbst bei einer noch so viel kürzeren Frist hätten wir das Projekt nicht adäquat abschließen können.

Even with a deadline that was ever so much shorter, we could not have completed the project adequately.

Irrealis with complex modification.

6

Der Autor bedient sich einer bewusst kürzeren, stakkatoartigen Syntax, um die innere Unruhe des Protagonisten zu spiegeln.

The author employs a deliberately shorter, staccato-like syntax to reflect the protagonist's inner turmoil.

Literary analysis context.

7

Wer stets den Kürzeren zieht, entwickelt unweigerlich einen Habitus der Resignation.

He who always draws the short straw inevitably develops a habitus of resignation.

Sociological/psychological register.

8

Die in den Statuten verankerte, deutlich kürzer bemessene Amtszeit soll Machtkonzentrationen vorbeugen.

The significantly shorter term of office enshrined in the statutes is intended to prevent concentrations of power.

Highly complex extended attributive phrase.

자주 쓰는 조합

kürzer fassen
kürzer treten
deutlich kürzer
viel kürzer
etwas kürzer
immer kürzer
kürzer werden
kürzer machen
kürzer schneiden
kürzer dauern

자주 쓰는 구문

sich kürzer fassen
etwas kürzer machen
die Tage werden kürzer
ein kürzerer Weg
eine kürzere Zeit
kürzer als gedacht
kürzer als erwartet
viel kürzer als
etwas kürzer als
noch kürzer

자주 혼동되는 단어

kürzer vs kurzer (positive form, declined)

kürzer vs kleiner (smaller, refers to size, not length)

kürzer vs knapper (scarcer, tighter)

관용어 및 표현

"den Kürzeren ziehen"
"am kürzeren Hebel sitzen"
"kürzertreten"
"sich kürzer fassen"
"den kürzeren Weg nehmen"
"auf dem kürzeren Weg"
"den Kürzeren haben"
"den Kürzeren bekommen"
"am kürzeren Ende sein"
"das kürzere Streichholz ziehen"

혼동하기 쉬운

kürzer vs

kürzer vs

kürzer vs

kürzer vs

kürzer vs

문장 패턴

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사용법

context

Used for both physical length and temporal duration.

nuances

Can imply efficiency or conciseness when used abstractly.

exceptions

Does not take an ending when used predicatively.

자주 하는 실수
  • Forgetting the umlaut (writing 'kurzer' instead of 'kürzer').
  • Using 'wie' instead of 'als' for comparisons (e.g., 'kürzer wie').
  • Failing to add declension endings when used attributively (e.g., 'ein kürzer Weg' instead of 'ein kürzerer Weg').
  • Confusing 'kürzer' (shorter) with 'kleiner' (smaller).
  • Mispronouncing the 'ü' sound, making it sound like 'u'.

팁

The Umlaut Rule

Always add the umlaut to 'kurz' to make it 'kürzer'. This is the most common mistake learners make. Without it, you are just saying 'short' with an ending. Practice writing it with the dots.

Use 'als' for Comparison

When comparing two things, always use 'als' after 'kürzer'. For example, 'A ist kürzer als B'. Never use 'wie', even if you hear native speakers do it in dialect. 'Als' is the standard.

Stacking Endings

When 'kürzer' is before a noun, it needs a declension ending. Don't be afraid of words like 'kürzerer'. The first 'er' is the comparative, the second is the case ending. It looks weird but is correct.

Learn the Idioms

Memorize 'den Kürzeren ziehen' and 'kürzertreten'. These idioms are used constantly in everyday German. Knowing them will make you sound much more fluent and natural.

Practice the 'ü' Sound

The 'ü' in 'kürzer' is short and crisp. Round your lips as if to say 'o' but say 'ee'. Practice this sound to distinguish it clearly from the 'u' in 'kurz'.

Professional Usage

In business, use 'sich kürzer fassen' to ask for brevity. It is polite but firm. It shows you value efficiency and time management.

At the Tailor or Salon

'Kürzer' is your best friend when getting a haircut or altering clothes. 'Bitte etwas kürzer' is a phrase you will use often. Memorize it for these situations.

Small Talk

Use 'Die Tage werden kürzer' as a great small talk starter in autumn. It's a universal observation that everyone can agree on. It helps build rapport.

Adding Nuance

Use words like 'viel' (much) or 'etwas' (a bit) before 'kürzer' to be more precise. 'Viel kürzer' shows a big difference, 'etwas kürzer' a small one. This adds depth to your sentences.

Editing Your Texts

When a teacher asks for a 'kürzeren Text', they usually mean a more concise one. Focus on removing unnecessary words, not just cutting the length. Think 'prägnanter'.

암기하기

기억법

Think of the two dots (umlaut) on the 'ü' as two scissors cutting the word to make it SHORTER.

어원

Germanic

문화적 맥락

In some southern dialects, the comparative particle 'wie' is incorrectly used instead of 'als' (e.g., 'kürzer wie'). Avoid this in standard German.

'Sich kürzer fassen' can be direct; use 'Könnten Sie sich bitte etwas kürzer fassen?' to be polite.

'Den Kürzeren ziehen' originates from the practice of drawing lots (sticks or straws) to make a decision, where the one who draws the short stick loses.

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실제 사용 상황

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"Glaubst du, dieser Weg ist kürzer?"

"Sollten wir das Meeting heute kürzer halten?"

"Werden die Tage jetzt schon kürzer?"

"Möchtest du deine Haare kürzer schneiden lassen?"

"Warum hast du den kürzeren Text gewählt?"

일기 주제

Beschreibe einen Tag, der sich viel kürzer anfühlte, als er war.

Wann hast du das letzte Mal den Kürzeren gezogen?

In welchen Bereichen deines Lebens möchtest du kürzertreten?

Schreibe eine kurze Geschichte über einen immer kürzer werdenden Weg.

Warum ist ein kürzerer Text oft schwerer zu schreiben als ein langer?

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

In German, many monosyllabic adjectives take an umlaut when forming the comparative and superlative. The root word is 'kurz'. The historical sound shift requires the 'u' to become 'ü'. This helps distinguish the comparative from the declined positive form. Always remember the two dots.

No, in standard German, you must use 'als' for comparisons of inequality. You should say 'kürzer als'. While you might hear 'kürzer wie' in some regional dialects, it is grammatically incorrect. 'Wie' is only used for equality, like 'so kurz wie'.

'Kurzer' without the umlaut is the declined positive form, used for example with a masculine noun in the nominative case (ein kurzer Weg). 'Kürzer' with the umlaut is the comparative form, meaning 'shorter'. The umlaut changes the fundamental meaning from 'short' to 'shorter'. Pronunciation is also different.

When used before a noun (attributively), 'kürzer' must take an adjective ending based on the gender, number, and case of the noun. For example, 'ein kürzerer Weg' (masculine nominative), 'eine kürzere Zeit' (feminine nominative), 'ein kürzeres Buch' (neuter nominative). The comparative '-er' is part of the stem, and the declension ending is added to it.

It is a common German idiom that literally translates to 'to draw the shorter one'. It means to lose out, to be at a disadvantage, or to get the short end of the stick. It originates from the practice of drawing lots or sticks to make a decision.

It is used for both. You can say 'Der Weg ist kürzer' (The path is shorter) for distance. You can also say 'Der Film ist kürzer' (The movie is shorter) for time or duration. It is a very versatile word.

'Kürzertreten' is a compound verb that literally means 'to step shorter'. Figuratively, it means to take it easy, to reduce one's workload, or to slow down, often for health or personal reasons. It is written as one word.

You can say 'Mach es kürzer'. If you are at a hairdresser, you can say 'Bitte kürzer schneiden'. If you are asking someone to be more concise in their speech, you say 'Bitte fassen Sie sich kürzer'.

The superlative form is 'am kürzesten' (the shortest). Like the comparative, it also requires the umlaut. For example, 'Das ist der kürzeste Weg' (That is the shortest way).

Not always. 'Kleiner' means 'smaller' and refers to overall size or volume. 'Kürzer' specifically means 'shorter' and refers to one-dimensional length or temporal duration. A movie can be 'kürzer', but not 'kleiner'.

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