Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
You can give objects in two ways: [Subject + Verb + Person + Thing] OR [Subject + Verb + Thing + to + Person].
- Use 'Person + Thing' when the person is the focus: I gave him the book.
- Use 'Thing + to + Person' when the thing is the focus: I gave the book to him.
- Always use 'to' or 'for' before the person if the thing comes first.
Overview
- 1Verb + person + thing: Give me the book.
- 2Verb + thing + to/for + person: Give the book to me.
- She gave me a present. = She gave a present to me.
- He sent her a message. = He sent a message to her.
- Can you show me the way? = Can you show the way to me?
- She bought him a coffee. = She bought a coffee for him.
- I'll make you a sandwich. = I'll make a sandwich for you.
- To: give, send, show, tell, teach, lend, pass, write
- For: buy, make, cook, get, find, build
Meanings
This rule describes how to use verbs that take two objects (a recipient and a thing given). It allows for flexibility in word order to emphasize different parts of the sentence.
Transfer of possession
Using verbs like give, send, lend, or bring to show moving an item to a person.
“He lent me his car.”
“I bought her a gift.”
Two-Object Sentence Patterns
| Pattern | Subject | Verb | Indirect Object | Direct Object |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pattern 1 | I | give | him | the book |
| Pattern 2 | She | sends | me | a text |
| Pattern 3 | They | bought | her | a gift |
| Pattern 4 | We | showed | them | the way |
| Pattern 5 | He | lent | us | his car |
| Pattern 6 | I | made | you | a cake |
Common Contractions
| Full Form | Contraction |
|---|---|
| I will give | I'll give |
| He has given | He's given |
| Did not give | Didn't give |
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Affirmative | S + V + IO + DO | I gave him the book. |
| Affirmative (Alt) | S + V + DO + to/for + IO | I gave the book to him. |
| Negative | S + aux + not + V + IO + DO | I didn't give him the book. |
| Question | Aux + S + V + IO + DO? | Did you give him the book? |
| Short Answer | Yes/No + S + aux | Yes, I did. |
| Pronoun Usage | S + V + pronoun + DO | I gave him it (awkward) -> I gave it to him. |
격식 수준 스펙트럼
I submitted the report to the manager. (Workplace)
I gave the manager the report. (Workplace)
I sent the boss the report. (Workplace)
I shot the boss the report. (Workplace)
The Two-Way Street of Giving
Recipient Focus
- Give him the book Focus on the person
Object Focus
- Give the book to him Focus on the item
수준별 예문
Give me the pen.
Give the pen to me.
Send me a photo.
Send a photo to me.
Show me the map.
Show the map to me.
Bring me some water.
Bring some water to me.
I bought her a present.
I bought a present for her.
Did you send him the email?
Did you send the email to him?
She didn't lend me the money.
She didn't lend the money to me.
Please pass me the salt.
Please pass the salt to me.
He explained the rules to us.
He explained us the rules (Incorrect).
She cooked a delicious meal for the guests.
She cooked the guests a delicious meal.
I'll save you a seat.
I'll save a seat for you.
They offered me a job.
They offered a job to me.
The company awarded the contract to the highest bidder.
The company awarded the highest bidder the contract.
She read the children a story.
She read a story to the children.
He handed the report to the manager.
He handed the manager the report.
Can you recommend a good book to me?
Can you recommend me a good book?
The professor demonstrated the theory to the students.
The professor demonstrated the students the theory.
She dedicated her life to the cause.
She dedicated the cause her life (Incorrect).
He whispered a secret to her.
He whispered her a secret.
They provided the refugees with food.
They provided food to the refugees.
He bequeathed his entire fortune to his nephew.
He bequeathed his nephew his entire fortune.
She conveyed her deepest sympathies to the family.
She conveyed the family her deepest sympathies.
The government allocated more funds to the project.
The government allocated the project more funds.
He imparted his wisdom to the next generation.
He imparted the next generation his wisdom.
혼동하기 쉬운
Learners think all verbs that take two objects work the same way.
Learners mix up when to use 'to' (transfer) and 'for' (benefit).
Learners put pronouns in the wrong spot.
자주 하는 실수
Give to me the book.
Give me the book.
Give the book me.
Give the book to me.
I send him.
I send him a letter.
She give me the book.
She gives me the book.
Explain me the rule.
Explain the rule to me.
I bought for her a gift.
I bought her a gift.
Did you sent him the book?
Did you send him the book?
Describe me the scene.
Describe the scene to me.
I donated him money.
I donated money to him.
He suggested me a plan.
He suggested a plan to me.
He admitted me his mistake.
He admitted his mistake to me.
She reported me the incident.
She reported the incident to me.
They announced us the news.
They announced the news to us.
He confessed me his crime.
He confessed his crime to me.
문장 패턴
Can you bring ___ ___?
I sent ___ ___ to ___.
She bought ___ ___ for ___.
Did you show ___ ___?
Real World Usage
Can you bring me the menu?
I have sent the report to you.
Send me a DM!
Can you show me the way?
I bought this for you.
Please pass me your paper.
Focus Matters
No 'To' with Person-First
Check the Verb
Casual Speech
Smart Tips
Use the 'to' structure to keep the sentence balanced.
Always use the 'to' structure if the object is a pronoun like 'it'.
Remember that 'explain' is not a giving verb.
Use 'for' instead of 'to'.
발음
Stress
In 'Give me the book', stress 'me' and 'book'.
Falling
I gave him the BOOK.
Statement of fact.
암기하기
기억법
Person first, no 'to' in sight. Thing first, 'to' is right!
시각적 연상
Imagine a ball. If you hold the ball and look at your friend, you say 'I give you the ball'. If you hold the ball and look at the ball, you say 'I give the ball to you'.
Rhyme
Person first, the 'to' is gone. Thing first, the 'to' is on.
Story
Sarah wanted to give a gift to Tom. She held the gift out. She said, 'I give Tom the gift.' Then she realized the gift was special, so she held it up and said, 'I give the gift to Tom.'
Word Web
챌린지
For the next 5 minutes, describe 3 things you are giving or sending to people using both patterns.
문화 노트
Very common to drop 'to' in casual speech.
Similar, but 'to' is often kept for clarity.
Very informal, often uses 'give us' for 'give me'.
The dative alternation comes from Old English, where case endings (dative vs. accusative) marked the roles of the objects.
대화 시작하기
What is the best gift someone has given you?
Can you show me how to use this app?
Who sent you that message?
Have you ever lent anyone money?
일기 주제
Test Yourself
I gave ___ the book.
Find and fix the mistake:
Explain me the rule.
Which is correct?
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
Dámelo.
Answer starts with: Giv...
Use 'buy' and 'gift'.
Which verb needs 'to'?
She (send) me a text.
Score: /8
연습 문제
8 exercisesI gave ___ the book.
Find and fix the mistake:
Explain me the rule.
Which is correct?
the / gave / I / book / him
Dámelo.
Use 'buy' and 'gift'.
Which verb needs 'to'?
She (send) me a text.
Score: /8
자주 묻는 질문 (8)
Most of the time, yes. However, some verbs like 'explain' only work with the 'to' pattern.
We use 'for' when the action is done for someone's benefit, like 'buying' or 'making'.
It is better to say 'Give it to me'. 'Give me it' sounds awkward to many native speakers.
Yes, it works for me, you, him, her, us, them.
Yes, but the 'to' structure is often preferred in formal contexts for clarity.
If the object is long, the 'to' structure is much better because it keeps the sentence balanced.
The rules are the same, but British speakers might use the 'to' structure slightly more often.
If you can say 'I [verb] [person] [thing]', it is likely ditransitive.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Le di el libro.
Spanish requires the pronoun even if the person is mentioned.
Je lui ai donné le livre.
French word order is more rigid with pronouns.
Ich gab ihm das Buch.
German case endings allow for more flexible word order.
彼に本をあげた (Kare ni hon o ageta).
Particles make word order less critical than in English.
أعطيته الكتاب (A'taytuhu al-kitab).
The pronoun is attached to the verb.
我给他书 (Wǒ gěi tā shū).
Chinese does not have verb conjugation.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
관련 동영상
Related Grammar Rules
강조: 정말 좋아해요! (Emphatic Do/Does/Did)
### Overview 영어 학습의 최고 단계인 C1 레벨에 도달하신 여러분, 환영합니다. 이 단계에서는 단순히 문장을 정확하게 만드는...
do/does/did를 이용한 강조
### Overview 영어를 배우는 한국인 학습자들에게 `do`, `does`, `did`는 매우 친숙한 단어입니다. 우리는 영어를 처음 배울 때...
필요한 것은... (강조를 위한 Wh-절 분열문)
### Overview `Wh-cleft` 구문은 문장에서 특정 정보를 앞세워 전달력을 높이는 강력한 문법 구조입니다. 이는 어떤 요소를 강...
전치: 목적어를 먼저 놓기
### Overview 영어 학습의 최고 단계인 C1 레벨에 도달한 여러분에게, 문법은 더 이상 단순한 '규칙'이 아니라 자신의 의도를...
존재문 'There' (There is / There are)
휴대폰을 확인했는데 `there is` (없음) 와이파이가 없다는 것을 깨달은 적이 있나요? 그 작은 공포의 순간은 존재의 `there`가...
