Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
English tenses combine time (past/present/future) with aspect (simple/continuous/perfect) to describe when and how an action happens.
- Simple tenses describe facts or habits: 'I eat breakfast.'
- Continuous tenses describe ongoing actions: 'I am eating breakfast.'
- Perfect tenses describe completed actions with a connection to another time: 'I have eaten breakfast.'
Overview
Tense Conjugation Matrix
| Tense | Affirmative | Negative | Question |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Present Simple
|
I work
|
I do not work
|
Do I work?
|
|
Present Continuous
|
I am working
|
I am not working
|
Am I working?
|
|
Past Simple
|
I worked
|
I did not work
|
Did I work?
|
|
Past Continuous
|
I was working
|
I was not working
|
Was I working?
|
|
Present Perfect
|
I have worked
|
I have not worked
|
Have I worked?
|
|
Past Perfect
|
I had worked
|
I had not worked
|
Had I worked?
|
Common Contractions
| Full Form | Contraction |
|---|---|
|
I am
|
I'm
|
|
I have
|
I've
|
|
I had
|
I'd
|
|
do not
|
don't
|
|
did not
|
didn't
|
|
will not
|
won't
|
Meanings
Tenses are the grammatical forms used to indicate the time of an action or state. They allow speakers to place events on a timeline relative to the moment of speaking.
Simple Aspect
Used for permanent states, habits, or completed actions.
“She lives in London.”
“He walked to the store.”
Continuous Aspect
Used for actions in progress at a specific moment.
“I am reading right now.”
“It was raining when I left.”
Perfect Aspect
Used for actions completed before another point in time.
“I have finished my homework.”
“She had left before I arrived.”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Present Simple
|
Subj + V(s)
|
He eats.
|
|
Present Continuous
|
Subj + be + V-ing
|
He is eating.
|
|
Past Simple
|
Subj + V-ed
|
He ate.
|
|
Past Continuous
|
Subj + was/were + V-ing
|
He was eating.
|
|
Present Perfect
|
Subj + have/has + V3
|
He has eaten.
|
|
Past Perfect
|
Subj + had + V3
|
He had eaten.
|
|
Future Simple
|
Subj + will + V
|
He will eat.
|
|
Short Answer
|
Yes/No + Aux
|
Yes, he has.
|
격식 수준 스펙트럼
I have successfully completed the assignment. (Work/School)
I have finished the task. (Work/School)
I'm done with it. (Work/School)
Finished it, easy. (Work/School)
The Tense Grid
Past
- Simple Finished
- Continuous Ongoing
Present
- Simple Habit
- Continuous Now
Future
- Simple Prediction
- Continuous Planned
수준별 예문
I drink coffee.
I drink coffee.
I am eating.
I am eating.
I went home.
I went home.
I will go.
I will go.
She is reading a book.
She is reading a book.
I have seen that movie.
I have seen that movie.
They were playing soccer.
They were playing soccer.
We have lived here for years.
We have lived here for years.
I have been waiting for an hour.
I have been waiting for an hour.
By the time I arrived, he had left.
By the time I arrived, he had left.
I will be working at 5 PM.
I will be working at 5 PM.
She has been studying since morning.
She has been studying since morning.
I will have finished by tomorrow.
I will have finished by tomorrow.
He had been trying to fix it for days.
He had been trying to fix it for days.
I wish I had known earlier.
I wish I had known earlier.
They will have been married for ten years.
They will have been married for ten years.
Had I known, I would have come.
Had I known, I would have come.
By next year, I will have been living here for a decade.
By next year, I will have been living here for a decade.
He was to have arrived yesterday.
He was to have arrived yesterday.
Little did I know, he had been planning this all along.
Little did I know, he had been planning this all along.
Were he to have asked, I might have reconsidered.
Were he to have asked, I might have reconsidered.
She shall have been working for twenty years by then.
She shall have been working for twenty years by then.
It is said that he had been a spy.
It is said that he had been a spy.
Had they not intervened, the project would have failed.
Had they not intervened, the project would have failed.
혼동하기 쉬운
Both refer to the past, but one has a connection to the present.
Both can describe current life.
Both describe past events.
자주 하는 실수
I go to school yesterday.
I went to school yesterday.
He eat.
He eats.
I am work.
I am working.
She have.
She has.
I have seen him yesterday.
I saw him yesterday.
I am knowing him.
I know him.
Did you went?
Did you go?
I have been living here since 5 years.
I have been living here for 5 years.
I was reading when he has arrived.
I was reading when he arrived.
I will have been finish.
I will have finished.
If I would have known...
If I had known...
He is said to be a spy in the past.
He is said to have been a spy.
By next year, I will finish my degree.
By next year, I will have finished my degree.
Had I went...
Had I gone...
문장 패턴
I have ___ for ___ years.
I was ___ when I ___.
I will have ___ by ___.
Do you ___ every ___?
Real World Usage
I'm coming now!
I have managed a team of ten.
Just finished my workout!
I have booked my flight.
My order has arrived.
The study has shown that...
Watch the time markers
Stative Verbs
The 'Have' Rule
Keep it simple
Smart Tips
Use the Past Perfect for the action that happened first.
Always use the Present Perfect.
Use the Past Continuous for the background action.
Use the Future Perfect.
발음
Contractions
Contractions often blend sounds, e.g., 'I've' becomes 'aiv'.
Yes/No Questions
Do you like it? ↗
Rising intonation at the end.
암기하기
기억법
Have for the past, Be for the flow, Simple for the facts that you know.
시각적 연상
Imagine a clock. The hands are the Simple tense. The ticking sound is the Continuous tense. The battery inside is the Perfect tense keeping it all connected.
Rhyme
If it's done, use the past, if it's now, make it last.
Story
Yesterday, I walked (Simple) to the park. While I was walking (Continuous), I saw a bird. I have walked (Perfect) there many times, but this was special.
Word Web
챌린지
Write three sentences about your day: one simple, one continuous, and one perfect.
문화 노트
More frequent use of Present Perfect for recent events.
Preference for Simple Past where British might use Perfect.
Casual usage often drops auxiliaries in very informal speech.
English tenses evolved from Germanic roots, heavily influenced by Latin grammar structures.
대화 시작하기
What have you been doing lately?
What did you do last weekend?
What will you be doing this time tomorrow?
Have you ever traveled abroad?
일기 주제
자주 하는 실수
Test Yourself
I ___ (eat) breakfast every day.
She ___ (work) here for five years.
Find and fix the mistake:
I have seen him yesterday.
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
Yo he comido.
Answer starts with: I h...
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
By next year, I ___ (finish) my degree.
When I arrived, they ___ (already/eat).
Score: /8
연습 문제
8 exercisesI ___ (eat) breakfast every day.
She ___ (work) here for five years.
Find and fix the mistake:
I have seen him yesterday.
been / have / I / waiting / long / a / time
Yo he comido.
Present Continuous
By next year, I ___ (finish) my degree.
When I arrived, they ___ (already/eat).
Score: /8
자주 묻는 질문 (8)
English uses tenses to be very specific about time and duration, which helps avoid ambiguity.
No, 'know' is a stative verb. Use 'I know'.
Yes, but it means the action is finished (e.g., 'I lived there for 5 years').
'Been to' means you visited and returned. 'Gone to' means you are still there.
In speech, yes. In formal writing, it's better to use full forms.
The Present Perfect is for indefinite time. 'Yesterday' is definite.
Look for time markers like 'now', 'yesterday', 'since', or 'by'.
Yes, especially with verbs that can be both stative and dynamic depending on meaning.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Pretérito/Presente Perfecto
English is more rigid about excluding time markers with the Perfect.
Passé Composé
French has more complex agreement rules for the past participle.
Perfekt/Präteritum
English doesn't distinguish between spoken and written past tenses.
Ta-form
Japanese lacks the complex auxiliary system of English.
Perfective/Imperfective
Arabic does not have a future tense in the same way.
Le/Guo particles
Chinese verbs never change form.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
관련 동영상
Related Grammar Rules
Too, Too Much, Too Many & Enough
## Too **Too** means "more than needed/wanted" — it expresses a problem. - **too + adjective:** This soup is **too** h...
Permission: Can, May, Be Allowed To, Be Supposed To
## Can — Everyday Permission The most common way to give, ask for, or deny permission: - **Can** I use your phone? (as...
Auxiliary Verbs: Do, Be & Have in Questions and Negatives
## What Are Auxiliary Verbs? Auxiliary (helping) verbs work **alongside the main verb** to form tenses, questions, and...
Indefinite Pronouns: Something, Anything, Nothing, Everyone
## The Four Groups | | People | Things | Places | |---|---|---|---| | **some-** | someone | something | somewhere | | *...
Most, Most of & The Most: Expressing the Largest Amount
## Most + Noun (General) Use **most** (without "the") for general statements about the majority: - **Most** people wan...
