Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Formal pivots use the fossilized subjunctive to acknowledge a point while immediately introducing a contrasting or more important argument.
- Use the base verb form (subjunctive) without 's' even for third person: 'Be that as it may'.
- These are fixed idioms; you cannot change the words or the order: 'Come what may'.
- They usually function as sentence starters or transitions in highly formal contexts: 'Suffice it to say'.
Overview
but이나 however와 같은 접속사에 의존하여 반전이나 대조를 표현하곤 합니다. 하지만 학술적인 에세이, 법률 문서, 혹은 기업의 고위급 회의와 같은 전문적인 상황에서는 이러한 단어들만으로는 문장의 무게감과 세밀한 뉘앙스를 담아내기에 부족할 때가 많습니다.Be that as it may, Notwithstanding, Albeit와 같은 표현들은 문장을 더욱 우아하고 논리적으로 연결해주며, 화자가 해당 주제를 다각도에서 깊이 있게 고찰했음을 보여주는 지표가 됩니다.- 1화석화된 가정법(Fossilized Subjunctive Mood):
Be that as it may가 대표적입니다. 여기서be는 현대 영어에서는 거의 사라진 '가정법 현재'의 흔적입니다. 원래 의미는그것이 사실이라 할지라도(Let it be that it is so)
라는 뜻을 내포하고 있습니다. 현재는 형태가 고정되어 문장 전체를 수식하는 부사적 문구로 굳어졌습니다.
- 1독립 분사 구문(Absolute & Participial Constructions):
That being said나Having said that은 분사 구문에서 파생되었습니다. 특히That being said는 명사(That)와 분사(being)가 결합하여 주절과 독립적으로 쓰이는 독립 분사 구문(Nominative Absolute)의 전형적인 예입니다. 한국어의 «그건 그렇다 치고»와 맥락은 비슷하지만, 훨씬 더 논리적인 연결성을 강조합니다.
- 1전치사 및 부사적 기능(Prepositional & Adverbial Functions):
Notwithstanding은 매우 독특한 단어입니다. 전치사로 쓰여서 뒤에 명사구를 동반하기도 하고, 부사로 쓰여 문장 끝에서 «그럼에도 불구하고»라는 의미를 더하기도 합니다. 이는 한국어의 '-에도 불구하고'가 조사처럼 명사 뒤에 붙는 것과 유사한 문법적 역할을 수행합니다.
- 1축약된 접속사(Subordinating Conjunctions):
Albeit는all be it(it be all)이 합쳐진 고어적 형태에서 유래했습니다. 현대 영어에서는although와 비슷하게 쓰이지만, 가장 큰 차이점은 절(clause) 전체를 이끌기보다는 구(phrase)나 형용사/부사를 연결하는 데 특화되어 있다는 점입니다. 이는 문장을 간결하면서도 세련되게 만들어 줍니다.
Be that as it may- 패턴:
[앞선 문장]. Be that as it may, [반전되는 주절]. - 예시:
The marketing campaign was visually stunning. Be that as it may, it failed to resonate with our target demographic.
Having said that / That being said- 패턴:
[진술]. {Having said that / That being said}, [대조적 진술]. - 예시:
The new software is incredibly powerful. That being said, the learning curve is quite steep for average users.
NotwithstandingNotwithstanding [명사구], [주절]. | Notwithstanding the global economic downturn, our firm reported record profits. |[문장], notwithstanding. | The evidence was circumstantial; the jury reached a guilty verdict, notwithstanding. |[명사구] notwithstanding처럼 명사 뒤에 위치할 수도 있는데, 이는 매우 문어체적이고 격식 있는 표현입니다.*AlbeitAlbeit는 주어와 동사가 갖춰진 완전한 절을 이끌지 않는다는 점에 주의해야 합니다.- 패턴:
[주절], albeit [형용사구/부사구/명사구]. - 예시:
He agreed to the terms, albeit reluctantly.(그는 마지못해 동의했다, 비록 내키지는 않았지만.)
Granted- 패턴:
Granted, [인정하는 사실], but [나의 핵심 주장]. - 예시:
Granted, the initial investment is high, but the long-term savings are substantial.
- 학술 논문 및 법률 보고서: 자신의 주장을 펼치기 전, 기존 연구의 한계나 반대 증거를 언급할 때 필수적입니다. 예를 들어,
Notwithstanding the limitations of the sample size, the results provide significant insight...와 같은 문장은 논문의 신뢰도를 높여줍니다.
- 비즈니스 협상 및 이메일: 상대방의 제안을 거절하거나 수정안을 제시할 때,
But을 바로 쓰면 공격적으로 느껴질 수 있습니다. 이때That being said를 사용하면 «당신의 의견을 충분히 경청했다»는 신호를 먼저 주면서 부드럽게 반론을 제기할 수 있습니다. 이는 한국의 '쿠션어' 문화와도 일맥상통합니다.
- 공식적인 토론 및 발표: 상대방의 주장에 대해
Be that as it may라고 응수하는 것은 «그 점은 인정하지만, 본질적인 문제는 따로 있다»는 점을 세련되게 강조하는 방법입니다. 청중에게 여러분이 논리적이고 객관적인 화자라는 인상을 줍니다.
- 간결한 수식:
Albeit는 문장을 길게 늘이지 않고도 부가적인 조건이나 양보의 의미를 덧붙이고 싶을 때 유용합니다.The project was a success, albeit a minor one.은The project was a success, although it was a minor success.보다 훨씬 경제적이고 지적인 문장입니다.
Albeit 뒤에 완전한 절을 쓰는 오류Albeit 뒤에 주어+동사를 다 쓰려고 합니다.- 잘못된 예:
The device is useful. Albeit, it is expensive.(X) - 옳은 예:
The device is useful, albeit expensive.(O) - 이유:
Albeit는 그 자체로 축약된 의미를 담고 있어, 뒤에 보어 역할을 하는 형용사나 부사구만 오는 것이 원칙입니다. 완전한 절을 쓰고 싶다면Although를 사용하세요.
Notwithstanding 뒤에 절(Clause)을 쓰는 오류Notwithstanding을 Although와 같은 접속사로 착각하는 경우입니다.- 잘못된 예:
Notwithstanding the weather was bad, we went out.(X) - 옳은 예:
Notwithstanding the bad weather, we went out.(O) - 이유:
Notwithstanding은 전치사입니다. 따라서 뒤에는 반드시 명사나 명사구가 와야 합니다. 한국어의 '-에도 불구하고'가 '날씨가 나쁨에도 불구하고'처럼 쓰이는 것과 헷갈리지 마세요. 영어 전치사 뒤에는 명사 형태가 와야 합니다.
- 어색한 상황: (친구와의 카톡에서)
The chicken was delicious. Be that as it may, the delivery was slow. - 자연스러운 상황:
The chicken was good, but it took forever to get here.
Be that as it may, Having said that, That being said 등 문두에 쓰이는 부사구 뒤에는 반드시 콤마를 찍어야 합니다. 이는 독자에게 이제부터 '전환'이 일어날 것이라는 신호를 주는 중요한 문장 부호입니다.Although vs AlbeitAlthough: «비록 ~일지라도»라는 의미로, 문장의 흐름을 새로 시작하는 느낌이 강합니다. (Although it was raining, we played.)Albeit: 이미 진행 중인 설명에 아주 작은 '단서'나 '수정 사항'을 덧붙이는 느낌입니다. (We played, albeit in the rain.)
Despite vs Notwithstanding- 둘 다 전치사로 쓰이지만,
Notwithstanding이 훨씬 더 법률적이고 공식적인 느낌을 줍니다. 또한Notwithstanding은 명사 뒤에 올 수 있다는 독특한 특징이 있습니다. (The laws notwithstanding- 법이 있음에도 불구하고)
Be that as it may에서 Be는 왜 원형인가요?That being said와 Having said that 중 무엇이 더 정확한가요?That being said는 앞선 상황(That)을 수동적으로 받는 느낌이고, Having said that은 화자가 방금 한 말(Having said)을 능동적으로 되짚는 느낌입니다. 하지만 실제 사용에서는 큰 차이 없이 혼용됩니다.Albeit를 문장 맨 앞에 써도 되나요?Albeit는 주로 문장 중간이나 끝에서 앞선 내용을 한정(qualify)하는 역할로 쓰입니다. 문장 맨 앞에서 양보를 나타내고 싶다면 Although나 Even though를 쓰는 것이 훨씬 자연스럽습니다.Fixed Subjunctive Forms (Non-Conjugating)
| Phrase | Verb Form | Subject | Function |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Be that as it may
|
Base (Be)
|
That
|
Concession
|
|
Come what may
|
Base (Come)
|
What
|
Determination
|
|
So be it
|
Base (Be)
|
It
|
Acceptance
|
|
Suffice it to say
|
Base (Suffice)
|
It
|
Summary
|
|
Far be it from me
|
Base (Be)
|
It
|
Polite Disclaimer
|
|
Heaven forbid
|
Base (Forbid)
|
Heaven
|
Strong Hope/Fear
|
Meanings
A set of fossilized expressions using the subjunctive mood to express concession, acceptance, or determination regardless of circumstances.
Concession
Acknowledging a fact but stating it doesn't change the final conclusion.
“Be that as it may, the law remains the law.”
“The evidence is thin; be that as it may, the jury convicted him.”
Determination
Expressing that an action will happen regardless of future events.
“I will support you, come what may.”
“Come what may, we shall not retreat.”
Acceptance
Resigning oneself to a situation or decision.
“If the board decides to fire me, then so be it.”
“The terms are harsh, but if they are final, so be it.”
Limitation/Summary
Indicating that what is being said is enough to make the point without further detail.
“Suffice it to say, the meeting did not go well.”
“Suffice it to say that we are no longer on speaking terms.”
Reference Table
| 표현 (Phrase) | 기능 (Function) | 위치 (Placement) | 예시 (Example) |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Be that as it may
|
양보, 대조
|
문장 시작
|
Be that as it may, we must proceed.
|
|
Having said that
|
양보, 초점 전환
|
문장/절 시작
|
It's true; having said that, consider this.
|
|
Notwithstanding
|
~에도 불구하고
|
문장 앞/뒤
|
Notwithstanding the rain, they won.
|
|
Albeit
|
비록 ~일지라도
|
수식 절 도입
|
He resigned, albeit reluctantly.
|
|
Granted
|
인정하지만
|
문장 시작
|
Granted, it's difficult, but essential.
|
|
For all that
|
그럼에도 불구하고
|
문장/절 시작
|
He had flaws; for all that, he was kind.
|
격식 수준 스펙트럼
Be that as it may, our policy remains unchanged. (A disagreement about rules)
Even so, we aren't changing the rules. (A disagreement about rules)
Anyway, I'm still doing it my way. (A disagreement about rules)
Whatever, I'm still doing it. (A disagreement about rules)
격식 있는 전환어: C2 언어 도구 상자
주요 표현
- Be that as it may Concession, despite that
- Having said that Acknowledge, then contrast
- Notwithstanding Despite, in spite of
- Albeit Although, even though
- Granted Concede a point
- For all that Despite what was said
사용 상황
- 토론 Conceding a point
- 보고서 Academic/Professional writing
- 회의 Introducing qualifications
- 이메일 Polite transitions
효과
- 세련미 Elevates language
- 외교적 태도 Softens contradiction
- 정밀함 Clear, nuanced expression
전환어: 격식 vs 비격식
나에게 맞는 전환어 고르기
반대 의견을 내기 전에 앞선 내용을 인정하고 싶나요?
'~에도 불구하고'를 아주 격식 있게 표현하고 싶나요?
'비록 ~일지라도'라는 뜻의 수식 조건을 넣고 싶나요?
격식 있는 전환어의 기능
직접적인 양보
- • Be that as it may
- • Granted
대조 정보 제시
- • Having said that
- • That being said
- • For all that
수식 및 조건
- • Albeit
- • Notwithstanding
수준별 예문
It is raining. But I will go.
It is raining. But I will go.
I am tired. However, I must work.
I am tired. However, I must work.
The car is old. It still works.
The car is old. It still works.
Okay, let's do it.
Okay, let's do it.
So be it. We will go tomorrow.
So be it. We will go tomorrow.
I will help you, come what may.
I will help you, come what may.
It is expensive, but so be it.
It is expensive, but so be it.
Suffice it to say, I am happy.
Suffice it to say, I am happy.
The plan has risks; be that as it may, we must proceed.
The plan has risks; be that as it may, we must proceed.
Suffice it to say that the results were not what we expected.
Suffice it to say that the results were not what we expected.
If he wants to leave the team, then so be it.
If he wants to leave the team, then so be it.
I will finish this book, come what may.
I will finish this book, come what may.
Far be it from me to criticize, but your logic is flawed.
Far be it from me to criticize, but your logic is flawed.
The economy is struggling; be that as it may, we are hiring.
The economy is struggling; be that as it may, we are hiring.
Suffice it to say, the legal implications are quite complex.
Suffice it to say, the legal implications are quite complex.
We shall defend our principles, come what may.
We shall defend our principles, come what may.
Be that as it may, the ontological arguments remain unconvincing.
Be that as it may, the ontological arguments remain unconvincing.
Suffice it to say that the nuances of the treaty were lost in translation.
Suffice it to say that the nuances of the treaty were lost in translation.
If the court finds us liable for damages, so be it.
If the court finds us liable for damages, so be it.
Far be it from me to suggest that the CEO is misinformed.
Far be it from me to suggest that the CEO is misinformed.
The hypothesis is elegant; be that as it may, it lacks empirical verification.
The hypothesis is elegant; be that as it may, it lacks empirical verification.
Come what may, the integrity of the institution must be preserved.
Come what may, the integrity of the institution must be preserved.
Suffice it to say, the socio-political ramifications were profound.
Suffice it to say, the socio-political ramifications were profound.
Be it ever so humble, there's no place like home.
Be it ever so humble, there's no place like home.
혼동하기 쉬운
Both show contrast, but 'Nevertheless' is a standard adverb, while 'Be that as it may' is a complex formulaic phrase.
Both express acceptance, but 'So be it' is about a decision already made, while 'Let it be' is a request for peace or non-interference.
The latter is grammatically standard but lacks the idiomatic weight of the former.
자주 하는 실수
Be that as it is.
Be that as it may.
Comes what may.
Come what may.
So is it.
So be it.
Suffices it to say.
Suffice it to say.
Be that as it might.
Be that as it may.
Far is it from me.
Far be it from me.
Heaven forbids.
Heaven forbid.
Be that as it may, but I disagree.
Be that as it may, I disagree.
Suffice it to say that I was angry.
Suffice it to say, I was angry.
Come whatever may.
Come what may.
Were that as it may.
Be that as it may.
So it be.
So be it.
Be it as it may.
Be that as it may.
문장 패턴
___; be that as it may, ___.
I will ___, come what may.
Suffice it to say, ___.
Far be it from me to ___, but ___.
Real World Usage
The data is limited; be that as it may, the trend is clear.
Suffice it to say, I learned a great deal from that failure.
The party shall perform its duties, come what may.
Be that as it may, my opponent has no plan for healthcare.
Come what may, time and the hour runs through the roughest day.
If the budget is cut, then so be it.
다양한 전환어 활용하기
Your audience will appreciate the linguistic flair!
비격식적인 상황 피하기
Save them for when you genuinely need to impress.
쉼표의 마법
Think of it as a breath for rhetorical effect!
외교적인 언어 선택
It makes you sound considerate and sharp.
맥락이 핵심
Context is king.Smart Tips
Use 'Be that as it may' instead of 'But' at the start of a paragraph to acknowledge a counter-argument.
Use 'Suffice it to say' to avoid over-explaining and keep the listener's attention.
Don't try to find a hidden subject; the 'Be' is the subjunctive verb acting as a pivot.
Start with 'Far be it from me to...' to show respect while still being honest.
발음
The 'Be' Stress
In 'Be that as it may', the stress is often on 'Be' and 'may', with 'that as it' spoken quickly.
Suffice Pronunciation
The 'c' in 'suffice' is pronounced like an 's'.
The Pivot Rise-Fall
Be that as it may (↑), I disagree (↓).
The first part rises to show concession, the second falls to show the final decision.
암기하기
기억법
Remember 'B.C.S.' for the big three: Be that as it may, Come what may, Suffice it to say.
시각적 연상
Imagine a judge in a courtroom wearing a powdered wig. Every time he wants to change the subject, he hits his gavel and says 'Be that as it may!' The gavel is the 'pivot' point.
Rhyme
When the facts are in your way, just say 'Be that as it may!'
Story
A king was told his castle was made of cheese. He looked at the cheese walls and said, 'Be that as it may, it is still my home.' He decided to stay, come what may. When the mice arrived, he sighed, 'So be it.'
Word Web
챌린지
Write a three-sentence paragraph about a failed vacation using 'Be that as it may' and 'Suffice it to say.'
문화 노트
These phrases are slightly more common in British academic and legal circles than in American ones, where they can sometimes sound 'too' formal.
In peer-reviewed journals, these phrases are used to maintain a 'detached' and 'objective' tone while debating other scholars.
Lawyers use 'So be it' to accept a judge's ruling while signaling that they might still disagree with the logic.
These phrases originate from Middle English, a period when the subjunctive mood was much more common and used to express hypothetical or concessive ideas.
대화 시작하기
If your favorite sports team loses the championship, would you say 'So be it' or would you be angry?
Tell me about a time you had to finish a project 'come what may.'
Summarize your last job using 'Suffice it to say.'
A friend says 'English is too hard.' Use 'Be that as it may' to encourage them.
일기 주제
자주 하는 실수
Test Yourself
The report highlighted several challenges; ___, the team achieved significant milestones.
Find and fix the mistake:
The project was difficult. Albeit, we finished on time.
Choose the correct sentence:
Score: /3
연습 문제
8 exercisesThe evidence is circumstantial; ___ that as it may, the suspect remains in custody.
I don't want to go into the details of the argument. ___, we are no longer working together.
Find and fix the mistake:
I will support your decision, comes what may.
If we have to cancel the party, I guess that's okay.
Speaker A: 'The costs are prohibitive.' Speaker B: '___, the potential benefits far outweigh the initial investment.'
Match the following:
say / suffice / to / it / we / lost / that
You can change 'Be that as it may' to 'Be this as it may' if you are talking about something close to you.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesThe data presented some inconsistencies; _____, the overall conclusion remained robust.
Despite that the difficulties, the team persevered.
어떤 문장이 올바른가요?
다음 문장을 영어로 번역하세요: '그 계획은 유망해 보입니다. 그렇긴 하지만, 우리는 더 많은 자원이 필요합니다.'
단어들을 순서대로 배열하여 문장을 만드세요:
각 전환어와 그 주요 기능을 연결하세요:
The company faced internal dissent; _____, the merger proceeded as planned.
어떤 문장이 올바른가요?
I know it's a small issue, but granted I've seen worse.
단어들을 배열하여 문장을 만드세요:
영어로 번역하세요: '그 계획은 유망해 보입니다. 그렇긴 하지만, 우리는 더 많은 자원이 필요합니다.'
The budget proposal was approved, ____ a few minor adjustments.
Score: /12
자주 묻는 질문 (8)
It's not recommended. It sounds very stiff and formal. Use `Anyway` or `Even so` instead.
Yes, the meaning is the same, but `Suffice it to say` is formal/academic, while `Long story short` is casual/conversational.
It is a remnant of the `subjunctive mood`, which uses the base form of the verb to show that something is a possibility or a concession rather than a simple fact.
Yes, when they act as introductory pivots (e.g., `Be that as it may, ...`), a comma is standard.
No. While 'might' is a related modal, the idiom is fixed as `Come what may`. Changing it makes it sound non-native.
It's a way of saying 'I don't want to do X (usually criticize), but I'm going to do it anyway.' It's a polite disclaimer.
Yes, they are used in both British and American English, primarily in formal writing, law, and politics.
It can be. It sounds very final and sometimes cold. It's often used when someone is tired of arguing and just accepts the result.
Scaffolded Practice
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Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Sea como sea / Así sea
Spanish uses the subjunctive much more broadly in daily life, whereas in English it is restricted to these few formal phrases.
Quoi qu'il en soit / Ainsi soit-il
French requires the subjunctive after 'quoi que', whereas English only uses it in these specific fossilized chunks.
Wie dem auch sei / So sei es
German Konjunktiv I is still used for indirect speech, while the English equivalent is almost entirely dead except for these pivots.
いずれにせよ (Izure ni seyo)
Japanese doesn't have a 'subjunctive mood' in the Western sense, but uses specific verb endings to show concession.
ليكن ما يكون (Liyakun ma yakun)
Arabic jussive is a productive part of the grammar, not just a fossilized idiom.
即便如此 (Jíbiàn rúcǐ)
The pivot is achieved through vocabulary (conjunctions) rather than grammatical mood (subjunctive).
Learning Path
Prerequisites
관련 동영상
04:00 "Stay Out Of My Territory" | Over | Breaking Bad
09:13 IMMORTALS CLIP COMPILATION (2011) Fantasy
17:47 All 8 Harry Potter Movies - Just The Spells
격식 있는 영어의 끝판왕! Having said that & That being said 제대로 쓰기
라이브 아카데미
고급 영어 회화: Be that as it may vs However 차이점
올리버쌤
고급 영어 연결어: Having said that, Be that as it may 완벽 정리
고급영어공부
Related Grammar Rules
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