Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
The Future Perfect describes an action that will be finished before a specific point in the future.
- Use 'will have' + the past participle (e.g., 'will have eaten').
- It always looks back from a future point to a completed action.
- Commonly used with 'by' or 'by the time' (e.g., 'by tomorrow').
Overview
Future Perfect(미래완료) 시제인 will have done은 한국어 화자들에게 매우 생소하고 까다로운 개념입니다. 그 이유는 한국어에는 '미래완료'라는 독립적인 문법 범주가 없기 때문입니다. 한국어에서는 단순히 미래를 나타내는 -ㄹ 것이다나 -겠-을 사용하고, 완료의 의미를 더하고 싶을 때는 문맥상 '이미', '벌써'와 같은 부사를 덧붙여 해결합니다.will have finished라는 복합적인 구조를 통해 '미래의 특정 시점'과 '그 시점에서의 동작 완료'라는 두 가지 시간적 정보를 동시에 전달합니다.Future Perfect입니다.-을 것이다만으로는 표현할 수 없는 미묘한 시간적 선후 관계를 영어에서는 이 시제를 통해 완벽하게 제어할 수 있습니다.Future Perfect는 '미래의 한 지점에서 뒤를 돌아보는(retrospection)' 구조입니다. 이를 이해하기 위해서는 한국어 문법과의 차이를 명확히 해야 합니다. 한국어는 시제 표현이 주로 종결 어미에 의존하지만, 영어는 will(미래) + have(완료) + p.p.(과거분사)라는 세 가지 구성 요소가 결합하여 복합적인 시제를 만듭니다.- 1
will: 미래의 시점을 가리키는 지표입니다. - 2
have: 완료 시제를 나타내는 핵심 동사입니다. - 3
p.p.(Past Participle): 동작이 이미 완료된 상태를 의미합니다.
-어 버리다나 -고 말다와 같은 보조 동사를 사용하지만, 이는 동작의 완결성이나 아쉬움을 강조할 뿐 시간적 기준점(Future Reference Point)을 설정하는 기능은 약합니다. 반면 영어의 will have done은 by the time(…할 때쯤이면)과 같은 시간 부사구와 결합하여, 미래의 특정 시점을 기준으로 그보다 앞선 동작의 완료를 수학적으로 정의합니다. 예를 들어, «내년 12월이면 나는 이 회사를 5년째 다니게 된다»라는 문장을 영어로 옮길 때, 한국어는 단순히 '다닌다'를 쓰지만, 영어는 I will have worked here for 5 years by next December라고 표현합니다.will have worked는 '5년이라는 시간의 축적'이 미래의 특정 시점까지 완성됨을 보여줍니다. 즉, 영어는 '시간의 흐름'을 단순히 선으로 보는 것이 아니라, 특정 미래 지점을 기준으로 '완료된 상태'를 하나의 블록으로 인식하는 언어적 습관을 가지고 있습니다.Future Perfect의 형태는 주어에 상관없이 항상 일정하여 한국어 화자들에게는 배우기 매우 쉽습니다. 핵심은 will 뒤에 반드시 동사원형 have가 온다는 점입니다.I will have finished my homework. |I will not have finished my homework. |Will you have finished your homework? |- 주어(Subject): 문장의 주체입니다.
- will have: 항상 이 형태로 고정됩니다. 주어가 3인칭 단수(
he,she,it)라도will has라고 쓰지 않도록 주의하세요. 이는 한국어 화자들이has의 습관 때문에 가장 많이 하는 실수입니다. - p.p. (Past Participle): 동사의 과거분사형입니다.
eat->eaten,write->written등 불규칙 동사를 암기해야 합니다.
- 1미래의 마감 기한을 강조할 때: «내일 5시까지는 보고서를 끝낼 것이다»와 같이 명확한 종료 시점이 있을 때 사용합니다.
By the time이나By [시간]과 함께 자주 쓰입니다. 예:By 5 PM, I will have finished the report. - 2미래의 두 사건 사이의 선후 관계를 나타낼 때: 미래에 일어날 두 가지 일 중, 먼저 끝나는 일을 강조합니다. 예:
When you arrive at the cafe, I will have already ordered the coffee.(도착보다 주문이 먼저 완료됨) - 3미래 시점까지의 누적된 기간을 표현할 때: 특정 미래 시점까지 얼마나 오랫동안 어떤 상태가 지속되었는지를 말합니다. 예:
By next year, we will have lived in Seoul for 10 years. - 4강한 추측: 미래의 시점에 이미 어떤 일이 일어났을 것이라는 강한 확신을 나타냅니다. 예:
He will have arrived home by now.(지금쯤이면 집에 도착했을 것이다.)
- 13인칭 단수에서
will has라고 쓰는 경우: 한국어에는 동사의 인칭 변화가 전혀 없기 때문에,Present Perfect에서 배운has를 무의식적으로 미래완료에도 적용하려 합니다. 하지만will은 조동사이므로 뒤에는 반드시 원형have가 와야 합니다. - 2시간 부사절에서의
will사용: 한국어는 «내일 비가 오면»처럼 조건절에서도 미래형을 자연스럽게 쓰지만, 영어는 시간/조건의 부사절(by the time,if,when등) 안에서는will을 쓰지 않습니다.By the time he will arrive(X) ->By the time he arrives(O)로 써야 합니다. - 3단순 미래와 혼동: 단순히 미래의 계획을 말할 때는
will만 써야 하는데, 문장을 있어 보이게 하려고will have done을 남용하는 경우입니다. «내일 나는 갈 것이다»를I will have gone tomorrow라고 하면 문법적으로 틀리거나 의미가 왜곡됩니다. 동작의 '완료'가 강조되는 상황인지 꼭 확인하세요.
will do | 단순 미래 계획/의지 | ~할 것이다 |will have done | 미래의 특정 시점까지 완료 | ~해 있을 것이다 |will be doing | 미래의 특정 시점에 진행 중 | ~하고 있을 것이다 |will do는 미래의 동작 그 자체를 말하며, will have done은 그 동작이 완료된 '결과'에 집중합니다. 반면 will be doing은 미래의 한순간에 그 동작이 '진행'되고 있음을 보여줍니다. 예를 들어, I will have eaten은 «이미 먹고 없을 것이다»라는 완료의 느낌이고, I will be eating은 «그때 먹고 있을 것이다»라는 진행의 느낌입니다.- 1Q:
will have p.p.를 줄여서 쓸 수 있나요? A: 네,I'll have done,you'll have done처럼 주어와will을 줄여서 쓰는 것이 원어민 대화에서는 훨씬 자연스럽습니다. - 2Q:
Future Perfect와Future Perfect Continuous는 어떻게 다른가요? A:Future Perfect는 완료된 '결과'에 초점을 두고,Continuous(will have been doing)는 '진행된 시간의 양'에 초점을 둡니다. «10년간 살 것이다»라고 할 때는will have been living이 더 강조됩니다. - 3Q: 꼭
by라는 단어와 함께 써야 하나요? A: 필수적인 것은 아니지만, 미래의 어느 시점까지 완료됨을 명시해야 하므로by,before,by the time과 같은 표현이 문맥상 함께 나오는 경우가 압도적으로 많습니다.
Conjugating 'To Finish' in Future Perfect
| Subject | Auxiliary | Perfective | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|---|
|
I
|
will
|
have
|
finished
|
|
You
|
will
|
have
|
finished
|
|
He/She/It
|
will
|
have
|
finished
|
|
We
|
will
|
have
|
finished
|
|
They
|
will
|
have
|
finished
|
Contractions in the Future Perfect
| Full Form | Contraction | Negative Contraction |
|---|---|---|
|
I will have
|
I'll have
|
I won't have
|
|
You will have
|
You'll have
|
You won't have
|
|
He will have
|
He'll have
|
He won't have
|
|
She will have
|
She'll have
|
She won't have
|
|
It will have
|
It'll have
|
It won't have
|
|
We will have
|
We'll have
|
We won't have
|
|
They will have
|
They'll have
|
They won't have
|
Meanings
Used to express an action that will be completed between now and a specific point in the future.
Future Completion
An action that is finished before another action or time in the future.
“I will have finished the report by 5 PM.”
“They will have arrived before the party starts.”
Duration in the Future
To show how long an action has been happening at a specific point in the future (usually with stative verbs).
“By next Monday, I will have been in this job for ten years.”
“They will have been married for fifty years this June.”
Logical Assumption (Past)
To express a strong belief or certainty that something happened in the past (similar to 'must have').
“You will have heard the news already, I assume.”
“He will have forgotten about the meeting by now.”
Reference Table
| 유형 | 형태 | 예시 | 핵심 특징 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
긍정문
|
Subject + will have + Past Participle
|
I will have finished
|
미래의 특정 시점까지 완료되는 행동
|
|
부정문
|
Subject + will not have + Past Participle
|
She won't have arrived
|
미래의 특정 시점까지 완료되지 않는 행동
|
|
의문문
|
Will + Subject + have + Past Participle?
|
Will they have eaten?
|
미래 완료 여부를 묻기
|
|
줄임말 (긍정)
|
Subject + 'll have + Past Participle
|
You'll have studied
|
비격식, 구어체 영어
|
|
줄임말 (부정)
|
Subject + won't have + Past Participle
|
We won't have left
|
비격식, 구어체 부정
|
격식 수준 스펙트럼
The committee will have finalized the proposal by Friday. (Workplace productivity)
I will have finished the report by the end of the day. (Workplace productivity)
I'll have it done by tonight. (Workplace productivity)
I'll have it knocked out by 5. (Workplace productivity)
미래완료 시제: 한눈에 보기
형태
- will + have + Past Participle Always 'have', never 'has' after 'will'
- 줄임말 'I'll have', 'won't have'
주요 용도
- 미래 마감일 By 2025, I will have graduated.
- 미래 사건 이전 When you arrive, I will have cooked.
시간 표시어
- by By next week, by 7 PM
- before Before he leaves
- when When she calls
흔한 함정
- 'has' 사용 Incorrect: She will has done.
- 잘못된 과거분사 Incorrect: I will have write.
미래 시제: 언제 무엇을 쓸까요?
미래완료 시제, 당신에게 맞을까요?
미래에 일어날 행동에 대해 이야기하고 있나요?
이 행동이 미래의 특정 시간이나 다른 사건까지 *완료*될까요?
이 행동이 미래의 특정 시간에 *진행 중*일까요?
맥락 속의 미래완료 시제
계획 및 마감일
- • By Friday, I will have finished.
- • The report will have been submitted.
예측 및 예상
- • He will have heard the news.
- • She'll have seen my story.
사건의 순서
- • When you arrive, I will have cooked.
- • Before sunrise, preparations will have been completed.
미래의 특정 시점까지의 기간
- • By December, I will have worked here for a year.
- • We'll have lived here for five years.
수준별 예문
By 6:00, I will have finished.
By 6:00, I will have finished.
I will have eaten by then.
I will have eaten by then.
Will you have finished your homework?
Will you have finished your homework?
She will have gone to bed.
She will have gone to bed.
By next week, we will have moved house.
By next week, we will have moved house.
I won't have finished the book by tomorrow.
I won't have finished the book by tomorrow.
Will they have arrived by dinner time?
Will they have arrived by dinner time?
By noon, he will have cleaned the car.
By noon, he will have cleaned the car.
By the time you read this, I will have left.
By the time you read this, I will have left.
In two years, I will have completed my degree.
In two years, I will have completed my degree.
They will have built the new bridge by 2025.
They will have built the new bridge by 2025.
Will you have saved enough money by summer?
Will you have saved enough money by summer?
By next month, I will have been with the company for five years.
By next month, I will have been with the company for five years.
The movie will have started by the time we get to the cinema.
The movie will have started by the time we get to the cinema.
Won't you have finished your exams by the end of June?
Won't you have finished your exams by the end of June?
By the time she retires, she will have taught thousands of students.
By the time she retires, she will have taught thousands of students.
You will have noticed that the market has shifted recently.
You will have noticed that the market has shifted recently.
By the end of the decade, technology will have transformed our lives.
By the end of the decade, technology will have transformed our lives.
The package will have been delivered by now, surely.
The package will have been delivered by now, surely.
By the time the government acts, the damage will have been done.
By the time the government acts, the damage will have been done.
Doubtless, he will have anticipated our every move.
Doubtless, he will have anticipated our every move.
By the turn of the century, these traditions will have all but vanished.
By the turn of the century, these traditions will have all but vanished.
The architect will have intended for the light to hit the altar at noon.
The architect will have intended for the light to hit the altar at noon.
Should you arrive late, the ceremony will have already concluded.
Should you arrive late, the ceremony will have already concluded.
혼동하기 쉬운
Learners use 'will be doing' when they mean the action is finished.
Both use 'have + V3', but one is for the past and one is for the future.
Simple future doesn't emphasize the 'before' relationship.
자주 하는 실수
By 5:00 I will finish.
By 5:00 I will have finished.
I will have finish.
I will have finished.
He will has finished.
He will have finished.
I will have went.
I will have gone.
By the time he will arrive, I will have finished.
By the time he arrives, I will have finished.
I will have been finished.
I will have finished.
Will have you finished?
Will you have finished?
I will have finished since two hours.
I will have finished in two hours.
I will have finished until 5 PM.
I will have finished by 5 PM.
By next year I will have had a car.
By next year I will have bought a car.
They will have arrived by yesterday.
They will have arrived by now.
문장 패턴
By the time ___, I will have ___.
In ___ years' time, she will have ___.
Will you have ___ by ___?
The ___ will have been ___ by ___.
Real World Usage
By this time next year, I will have completed my certification.
We will have migrated all data by the end of the weekend.
We'll have reached the border by sunrise.
This study will have demonstrated the link between the two variables.
I'll have finished my shower in 10 mins, then I can talk.
The company will have doubled its revenue by 2030.
‘by’가 있는 표현을 찾아보세요
By next Tuesday, I will have completed the project.
'have'와 'has'를 혼동하지 마세요
She will have finished her work.(O)
She will has finished her work.(X)
불규칙 동사를 잘 알아두세요
By midnight, I will have gone to bed.
줄임말을 편하게 써보세요
미래에서 과거를 돌아보듯 생각하세요
By my birthday, I will have saved enough money for a trip.
Smart Tips
Use the Future Perfect to describe your expected graduation or certification dates to sound professional.
Check if you are using a stative verb like 'be' or 'live'. If so, Future Perfect is likely needed.
If you forget the V3, use a synonym that is regular. Instead of 'written', use 'completed'.
Always tap your watch. 'By the time' is a trigger for the Future Perfect in the other half of the sentence.
발음
The 'Will Have' Reduction
In natural speech, 'will have' is often reduced to 'wull-uv' or even 'wuv'.
Contraction Stress
When using 'I'll have', the stress is usually on the past participle, not the auxiliary.
Rising-Falling for Statements
By tomorrow, I will have finished ↘
Conveys certainty and completion.
암기하기
기억법
Remember 'W.H.P.' — Will Have Participle. It's the 'What Has Passed' in the future.
시각적 연상
Imagine a finish line in the future. You are standing past the finish line, looking back at the race you just completed. That 'looking back' is the Future Perfect.
Rhyme
By the time the clock strikes ten, I will have put away my pen.
Story
Imagine a robot named 'Will-Have'. Will-Have only talks about things he finishes. 'By tomorrow, I will have cleaned the planet,' he says. He always looks at his watch and then at a completed task.
Word Web
챌린지
Write down three things you will have accomplished by the end of this year using 'I will have...'
문화 노트
British speakers use the Future Perfect more frequently as a modal of deduction (e.g., 'You will have seen the news').
Highly common in 'corporate speak' to emphasize accountability and deadlines.
Often shortened significantly in casual speech, sometimes omitting 'have' entirely in very broad accents (though not grammatically correct).
The Future Perfect in English developed from the combination of the modal 'will' (originally meaning 'to want') and the perfect aspect 'have + participle'.
대화 시작하기
What will you have accomplished by the time you are 50?
By the end of this month, what will you have learned in English?
If you travel to Japan next year, what cities will you have visited by the end of your trip?
By the time the next election happens, what will have changed in your country?
일기 주제
자주 하는 실수
Test Yourself
By Saturday morning, I ___ all my packing for the trip.
Find and fix the mistake:
She will has graduated by next June.
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
Score: /3
연습 문제
8 exercisesBy next month, I ___ (finish) my English course.
Which sentence is grammatically correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
By the time you will get here, I will have cooked dinner.
I am going to finish the report before 5 PM.
Match 'I will be working' and 'I will have worked'.
A: Can we meet at 7 PM? B: No, I ___ (not/finish) my gym session by then.
You can use 'has' in the Future Perfect if the subject is 'he' or 'she'.
have / they / by / arrived / will / noon / ?
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesWhen you arrive, I ___ the whole apartment.
By her 30th birthday, she ___ around the world.
We won't has finished the project by next Monday.
By the end of the year, I will save enough for a new car.
올바른 문장을 선택하세요:
올바른 문장을 선택하세요:
'Para el próximo mes, habré leído tres libros.'를 영어로 번역하세요.
'Cuando llegue ella, la cena estará lista.' (도착 시점까지의 완료에 초점)를 영어로 번역하세요.
단어들을 배열하여 문장을 만드세요:
단어들을 배열하여 문장을 만드세요:
구절을 짝지으세요:
질문을 짝지으세요:
Score: /12
자주 묻는 질문 (8)
In casual speech, yes, but it changes the meaning. `I will finish` means you start finishing at that time. `I will have finished` means it is already done.
This is a rule for all future time clauses (when, before, after, by the time). We use the present tense to refer to the future in these specific clauses.
Not always. It can be the Future Perfect of the verb 'to be' (e.g., `I will have been here for an hour`). It is only passive if followed by another past participle.
It is moderately common. You'll use it most when talking about work deadlines, travel arrivals, or life milestones.
`By` is for a deadline (one point in time). `Until` is for a duration (an action that continues up to a point). You use `by` with Future Perfect.
Yes, but it is very formal and mostly used in British English with 'I' or 'We'. `I shall have finished` is correct but rare.
Most verbs are regular and end in `-ed`. For irregulars, you must memorize the third column of the verb table (e.g., go-went-`gone`).
Yes, in reported speech or conditional sentences (e.g., `He said he would have finished`). This is the 'Future in the Past'.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Futuro Compuesto (Habré cantado)
Spanish uses it more frequently for probability in the present/past.
Futur Antérieur (J'aurai fini)
French requires 'être' for certain verbs of motion, whereas English always uses 'have'.
Futur II (Ich werde abgeschlossen haben)
German speakers usually replace it with the 'Perfekt' (Present Perfect) for simplicity.
〜てしまっているだろう (~te shimatte iru darou)
Japanese relies on context and aspect rather than a dedicated future perfect tense.
سيكون قد (Sa-yakunu qad...)
The particle 'qad' is essential to signal the completion aspect.
已经...了 (Yǐjīng...le)
Meaning is entirely derived from time words (e.g., 'Tomorrow I already finish').
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
관련 동영상
08:07 What’s the best way to give a presentation?
Learn All 12 English Verb Tenses | Complete English Grammar Lesson
JForrest English
MASTER ENGLISH VERB TENSES — All 12 Tenses Explained in 20 Minutes (Complete Guide)
English At The Ready
English Verb Tenses Guide - Learn About Simple, Perfect, and Continuous Tenses
Oxford Online English
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