Lava is hot, liquid rock. It comes from a volcano. When a volcano erupts, lava flows out. After it cools, it becomes hard like a stone.
When a volcano erupts, it expels extremely hot, molten rock known as lava. Initially, lava flows as a viscous, incandescent liquid. As it moves away from the volcanic vent and is exposed to the cooler air or water, it gradually begins to solidify. Once completely cooled and hardened, lava transforms into a dense, solid rock, often forming unique geological structures. This process of eruption, flow, and solidification is a fundamental aspect of volcanic activity.
Lava, a term often encountered at a foundational CEFR A1 level, refers to the effusive molten rock expelled during a volcanic eruption. This incandescent material, originating from the Earth's mantle, undergoes a transformative process upon exposure to the atmosphere. As it cools and solidifies, it transitions from a viscous liquid to various forms of igneous rock, significantly contributing to geological formations and landmass accretion. The morphology and composition of the resultant solidified lava offer crucial insights into the specific eruptive dynamics and geochemical processes of the volcano.
lava 30초 만에
- Lava is molten rock from a volcano.
- It's very hot and flows.
- When it cools, it becomes solid rock.
§ Mistakes People Make with "Lava"
The word "lava" might seem straightforward, but learners at the A1 CEFR level often make a few common mistakes. Understanding these can help you use the word more accurately and confidently.
§ Mistake 1: Confusing Lava with Magma
One of the most frequent errors is using "lava" when you really mean "magma." Both refer to molten rock, but their location is the key difference.
- DEFINITION
- Magma is molten rock that is still *underneath* the Earth's surface, inside a volcano or in the Earth's crust.
- DEFINITION
- Lava is molten rock that has *erupted* from a volcano and is flowing *on the Earth's surface*.
The volcano is full of magma before it erupts.
Hot lava flowed down the mountain.
§ Mistake 2: Incorrect Pluralization
Because "lava" refers to a substance, it's generally treated as an uncountable noun. This means it doesn't usually take a plural form, like adding an "-s".
- Incorrect: "There were many lavas flowing."
- Correct: "There was a lot of lava flowing." or "There were many streams of lava."
While technically "lavas" can be used in a very scientific context to refer to different types of lava, for everyday A1 use, treat it as uncountable.
We saw a river of lava moving slowly.
§ Mistake 3: Using "Lava" as a Verb
"Lava" is a noun, meaning it names a thing (the molten rock). It's not a verb, so you can't use it to describe an action.
- Incorrect: "The volcano is lava-ing."
- Correct: "The volcano is erupting." or "The volcano is producing lava."
The volcano began to erupt, sending out ash and lava.
§ Mistake 4: Misunderstanding its State
While the definition clearly states that lava is liquid and then turns solid, sometimes learners might incorrectly describe it as always hard or cold.
- DEFINITION
- Initially, lava is very hot and liquid. After it cools, it becomes hard rock.
The hot lava melted everything in its path.
The cooled lava formed a new rock layer.
By keeping these distinctions in mind, you can avoid common pitfalls and use "lava" correctly in your English conversations and writing. Practicing with examples and thinking about the context will solidify your understanding.
How Formal Is It?
"The geological survey observed significant magma effluence during the volcanic event."
"The lava flowed down the side of the volcano after the eruption."
"Check out that hot rock pouring out of the mountain!"
"The melted earth came out of the big fiery mountain."
"Dude, did you see the flow? It was epic!"
수준별 예문
The sheer destructive power of the lava flow was evident as it engulfed everything in its path, solidifying into a harsh, unforgiving landscape.
The destructive force of the lava as it covered everything.
CEFR B2 - Use of 'sheer destructive power', 'evident', 'engulfed', 'solidifying', 'harsh, unforgiving landscape' show advanced vocabulary and descriptive ability.
Scientists meticulously studied the viscosity of the lava, hoping to predict its movement and provide timely warnings to nearby communities.
Scientists studied how thick the lava was to predict where it would go.
CEFR B2 - Use of 'meticulously', 'viscosity', 'predict its movement', 'timely warnings' indicates a higher level of precision and technical vocabulary.
During the volcanic eruption, incandescent streams of lava illuminated the night sky, creating a breathtaking yet terrifying spectacle.
Bright, hot lava lit up the night sky during the eruption.
CEFR B2 - Use of 'incandescent streams', 'illuminated', 'breathtaking yet terrifying spectacle' demonstrates richer descriptive language and contrasting ideas.
The hardened lava formations, sculpted by millennia of natural forces, offered a stark reminder of the Earth's raw, untamed power.
The old, hard lava showed how powerful the Earth is.
CEFR B2 - Use of 'hardened lava formations', 'sculpted by millennia', 'stark reminder', 'raw, untamed power' showcases advanced vocabulary and metaphorical language.
Geologists discovered that the unique mineral composition of the lava provided valuable insights into the Earth's mantle.
Scientists found that the lava's minerals told them about the Earth's inside.
CEFR B2 - Use of 'geologists', 'unique mineral composition', 'valuable insights', 'Earth's mantle' implies specific scientific vocabulary.
Despite the inherent dangers, a small team of researchers ventured close to the active lava flow to collect critical samples for analysis.
Even though it was dangerous, researchers went near the lava to get samples.
CEFR B2 - Use of 'inherent dangers', 'ventured close', 'active lava flow', 'critical samples for analysis' shows sophisticated phrasing and technical context.
The indigenous communities living near the volcano had developed a profound respect for the lava, recognizing its dual nature as both destroyer and creator of new land.
People living by the volcano respected the lava, knowing it destroys and creates.
CEFR B2 - Use of 'indigenous communities', 'profound respect', 'dual nature', 'destroyer and creator' indicates abstract thinking and nuanced understanding.
After the eruption subsided, the cooled lava transformed the fertile valleys into a desolate, moon-like terrain, forever altering the local ecosystem.
After the eruption, the cooled lava changed the green valleys into a barren, moon-like area.
CEFR B2 - Use of 'erupted subsided', 'transformed', 'fertile valleys', 'desolate, moon-like terrain', 'altering the local ecosystem' demonstrates complex sentence structure and specific environmental vocabulary.
The sheer destructive power of the incandescent lava flow irrevocably altered the topography of the region, rendering once-fertile plains into a desolate, petrified wasteland.
The destructive power of the glowing lava changed the land of the region forever, turning fertile plains into a deserted, stony wasteland.
Use of 'incandescent' and 'irrevocably altered' elevates the formality and descriptive detail suitable for C1. The phrase 'rendering...into' is a more advanced way to express transformation.
Geologists meticulously studied the crystalline structure of the solidified lava, hoping to glean insights into the subterranean pressures and chemical compositions preceding the cataclysmic eruption.
Geologists carefully studied the crystal structure of the hardened lava, hoping to learn about the underground pressures and chemical makeup before the disastrous eruption.
Vocabulary like 'meticulously,' 'crystalline structure,' 'glean insights,' 'subterranean pressures,' and 'cataclysmic eruption' are characteristic of C1 English. The participle phrase 'hoping to glean' adds sophistication.
Although seemingly inert, the ancient lava fields presented a formidable challenge to early settlers, who grappled with the arduous task of cultivating crops in the nutrient-poor, rocky soil.
Even though they seemed still, the old lava fields were a big challenge for early settlers, who struggled with the hard job of growing crops in the soil that was poor in nutrients and rocky.
Expressions such as 'seemingly inert,' 'formidable challenge,' 'grappled with,' and 'arduous task' are indicative of C1 proficiency. The use of 'who grappled with' as a non-defining relative clause is also advanced.
The archaeological dig unearthed artifacts remarkably preserved beneath layers of volcanic ash and solidified lava, offering an unprecedented glimpse into the daily lives of an ancient civilization.
The archaeological dig found artifacts surprisingly well-preserved under layers of volcanic ash and hardened lava, giving an unmatched look into the daily lives of an ancient civilization.
Vocabulary such as 'unearthed artifacts,' 'remarkably preserved,' 'volcanic ash,' and 'unprecedented glimpse' are at a C1 level. The participial phrase 'offering an unprecedented glimpse' functions as a sophisticated way to introduce a consequence or result.
Witnessing the molten lava cascade down the volcano's flanks was an awe-inspiring spectacle, a raw display of nature's formidable and often terrifying grandeur.
Watching the melted lava flow down the sides of the volcano was an amazing sight, a raw display of nature's powerful and often scary greatness.
C1 vocabulary includes 'molten lava cascade,' 'awe-inspiring spectacle,' 'formidable,' and 'grandeur.' The use of 'witnessing' as a gerund phrase at the start of the sentence is a more advanced grammatical construction.
Despite its destructive origins, the porous nature of cooled lava has proven invaluable in certain agricultural practices, aiding in soil aeration and water retention.
Even though it comes from destruction, the porous nature of cooled lava has been very valuable in some farming methods, helping with soil air circulation and holding water.
Phrases like 'destructive origins,' 'porous nature,' 'proven invaluable,' 'agricultural practices,' 'soil aeration,' and 'water retention' are all examples of C1-level academic and technical vocabulary.
The artist employed pulverized lava as a unique pigment, imbuing his abstract compositions with a textural depth and a brooding, earthy palette.
The artist used crushed lava as a special color, filling his abstract paintings with a deep texture and a dark, earthy range of colors.
Vocabulary like 'pulverized lava,' 'unique pigment,' 'imbuing,' 'abstract compositions,' 'textural depth,' 'brooding,' and 'earthy palette' are characteristic of C1 descriptive language. The verb 'imbue' is particularly advanced.
For safety precautions, scientists meticulously monitored the rate of the lava's advance, deploying sensors and drones to predict its trajectory and mitigate potential hazards to nearby communities.
For safety, scientists carefully watched how fast the lava moved, using sensors and drones to predict its path and reduce possible dangers to nearby communities.
C1 vocabulary includes 'safety precautions,' 'meticulously monitored,' 'rate of advance,' 'deploying sensors,' 'predict its trajectory,' and 'mitigate potential hazards.' The use of present participles like 'deploying' and 'mitigate' to describe simultaneous actions is advanced.
자주 쓰는 조합
관용어 및 표현
"a rolling stone gathers no moss"
A person who is always traveling and changing jobs has no roots in one place, but also avoids responsibilities and material possessions.
My cousin is a rolling stone gathers no moss; he's lived in five different countries in the past ten years.
neutral"set in stone"
Unchangeable; fixed permanently.
The decision isn't set in stone yet, so we still have time to make adjustments.
neutral"between a rock and a hard place"
In a difficult situation where both choices are unpleasant.
I'm between a rock and a hard place – I can either work extra hours and miss my friend's birthday, or not work and risk losing my job.
informal"cast the first stone"
To be the first to criticize or condemn someone, especially when one is also guilty of similar faults.
Before you cast the first stone, remember that you've made similar mistakes in the past.
neutral"stone's throw"
A very short distance.
The park is just a stone's throw from my house.
informal"leave no stone unturned"
To try every possible course of action in order to achieve something or find something.
We will leave no stone unturned in our search for the missing artifacts.
neutral"heart of stone"
A person who is unemotional and lacks sympathy.
Despite her outward appearance, she doesn't have a heart of stone; she's actually very caring.
neutral"written in stone"
Permanently established or unchangeable.
Nothing is written in stone, so we can still adjust the plans if needed.
neutral"rock bottom"
The lowest possible level; a point of extreme difficulty or despair.
After losing his job and his apartment, he felt like he had hit rock bottom.
informal"rock the boat"
To do or say something that causes problems, upsets people, or disrupts an existing situation.
I don't want to rock the boat, but I think we need to address this issue.
informal사용법
When talking about lava, you can use verbs like 'erupts,' 'flows,' or 'pours out.' For example, 'The volcano erupts lava' or 'The lava flows down the mountain.' You can also describe its appearance or state: 'The lava is very hot and liquid' or 'After it cools, it becomes hard, solid stone.'
A common mistake is confusing 'lava' with 'magma.' Magma is the molten rock still inside the Earth, while lava is the molten rock once it comes out of the volcano. Another mistake can be using 'lava' as a verb. For example, you wouldn't say 'The volcano lavas.' Instead, you would say 'The volcano erupts lava.'
실생활에서 연습하기
실제 사용 상황
The volcano erupted, and bright red lava flowed down its sides, destroying everything in its path.
- volcano erupted
- bright red lava
- flowed down its sides
After the lava cooled, it formed a new, black, rocky landscape, completely changing the appearance of the area.
- lava cooled
- formed a new, black, rocky landscape
- changing the appearance
Scientists study the composition of lava to understand more about the Earth's interior and how volcanoes work.
- scientists study the composition
- understand Earth's interior
- how volcanoes work
Many ancient myths and legends tell stories of gods and spirits living within volcanoes and controlling the lava.
- ancient myths and legends
- gods and spirits
- controlling the lava
We saw amazing pictures of lava flowing into the ocean, creating huge clouds of steam.
- lava flowing into the ocean
- huge clouds of steam
- amazing pictures
대화 시작하기
"Have you ever seen a picture or video of a volcano erupting with lava? What did you think of it?"
"If you could safely visit a place where lava has recently flowed and cooled, would you want to go? Why or why not?"
"Do you know of any other natural phenomena that are as powerful and awe-inspiring as lava?"
"What do you think are some of the dangers of living near an active volcano that produces lava?"
"How do you imagine it would feel to be very close to flowing lava, even if you were completely safe?"
일기 주제
Describe a landscape that has been formed or affected by lava. What does it look like, and what kind of life might exist there?
Imagine you are a scientist studying lava. What questions would you try to answer, and what tools would you use?
Write a short story about a character who encounters flowing lava for the first time. What are their thoughts and feelings?
If you could design a new type of building or material that could withstand the heat of lava, what would it be like?
Reflect on the destructive and creative power of lava. How does it represent both danger and the formation of new things?
셀프 테스트 84 질문
This sentence describes a key characteristic of lava.
This sentence connects lava to its source, a volcano.
This sentence describes the common color of hot lava.
The volcano erupted, and hot ___ flowed down the mountain.
Lava is the hot, liquid rock that comes out of a volcano.
After the ___ cooled, it became hard rock.
Lava turns into hard rock after it cools down.
You can see black ___ rocks near the old volcano.
Lava rocks are formed from cooled lava.
The ___ from the volcano was very bright at night.
Hot lava often glows brightly.
Scientists study the flow of ___ to understand volcanoes.
Lava is a key component of volcanic eruptions that scientists study.
Be careful near the hot ___ coming from the volcano.
Lava is very hot and dangerous.
Listen for how the lava moved.
What came out of the volcano?
What happened to the lava when it cooled?
Read this aloud:
The hot lava made the ground glow orange.
Focus: glow orange
당신의 답변:
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Read this aloud:
Be careful, the lava is very hot and dangerous.
Focus: very hot
당신의 답변:
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Read this aloud:
Volcanoes sometimes erupt and produce lava.
Focus: erupt and produce
당신의 답변:
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This sentence describes when lava is released from a volcano.
This sentence describes the nature of lava.
This sentence describes what happens to lava after it cools.
The archaeologist discovered ancient pottery perfectly preserved under layers of volcanic ___ from the eruption centuries ago.
Lava, when cooled and hardened, can preserve objects for a very long time, distinguishing it from dust, ash, or soil in this context.
Scientists are studying the unique ecosystems that thrive on cooled ___ flows, observing how life reclaims the barren landscape.
The context of 'cooled flows' and 'barren landscape' points specifically to lava as the substance that creates such unique ecosystems.
As the volcano erupted, a river of molten ___ cascaded down its slopes, forcing residents to evacuate immediately.
'Molten' and 'cascaded down its slopes' accurately describe the movement of lava during an eruption, not mud, rock, or steam.
The solidified ___ formations along the coast are a testament to the island's violent geological past.
'Solidified formations' and 'violent geological past' strongly suggest lava, as it is a common result of volcanic activity that shapes landscapes.
The intense heat from the flowing ___ caused everything in its path to ignite and turn to ash.
Only flowing lava possesses the 'intense heat' capable of igniting everything in its path, unlike water, wind, or rain.
Geologists drilled into the ancient ___ bed to extract samples, hoping to understand the composition of the Earth's mantle.
Drilling into an 'ancient ___ bed' to understand the 'Earth's mantle' implies a geological context where lava, as solidified molten rock from the Earth's interior, is relevant.
Which of the following best describes the state of lava when it first emerges from a volcano?
The definition states that lava is 'very hot, liquid rock' when it comes out of a volcano.
What happens to lava after it has cooled down and stopped moving?
The definition explicitly states that after cooling down and stopping, lava 'turns into hard, solid stone.'
A scientist is studying a geological formation. They observe a dark, porous rock that shows evidence of having flowed across the landscape before hardening. What is this rock most likely to be?
The description 'flowed across the landscape before hardening' directly relates to the process of liquid lava solidifying into rock after an eruption.
Lava is the material found deep within the Earth's mantle before it reaches the surface.
Lava is specifically described as the 'liquid rock that comes out of a volcano when it erupts.' The material inside the Earth is called magma.
Once lava cools and solidifies, it retains its liquid form beneath the surface.
The definition clearly states that after cooling, lava 'turns into hard, solid stone,' indicating it no longer remains liquid.
The intense heat of lava is a primary factor in its ability to flow across the landscape during a volcanic eruption.
The definition mentions 'very hot, liquid rock,' implying that its high temperature contributes to its liquid state and ability to flow.
Focus on the pronunciation of 'molten' and 'engulfing'.
Listen for the distinction between 'recent' and 'recede'.
Pay attention to the articulation of 'rugged' and 'testament'.
Read this aloud:
The lava's destructive power is immense, yet it also creates new land.
Focus: immense, creates
당신의 답변:
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Read this aloud:
Despite the danger, some people are drawn to witness the spectacle of erupting lava.
Focus: despite, spectacle
당신의 답변:
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Read this aloud:
After the eruption, the hardened lava transforms the landscape dramatically.
Focus: transforms, dramatically
당신의 답변:
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Imagine you are a geologist observing a volcanic eruption. Describe the lava's characteristics as it flows, and what happens as it cools and solidifies. Use descriptive language to convey the power and transformation of the lava.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
As the volcano roared to life, rivers of molten rock, a fiery orange and red, began to spill from its summit. The lava, surprisingly viscous, moved slowly but relentlessly, engulfing everything in its path. Steam hissed violently as it encountered obstacles, and the air crackled with intense heat. Gradually, as it spread across the landscape, the leading edges began to cool, forming a dark, jagged crust. The transformation from fluid fire to solid, black igneous rock was a dramatic testament to the earth's raw power.
Write a short paragraph explaining the difference between magma and lava, and how the term 'lava' specifically relates to volcanic eruptions. Focus on clarity and scientific accuracy.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
Magma refers to the molten rock found beneath the Earth's surface, often accumulating in magma chambers. However, when this molten rock reaches the surface through a volcanic vent, it is then called lava. The critical distinction lies in its location: magma is underground, while lava has erupted and is flowing or has solidified on the surface. Therefore, the term 'lava' is exclusively used to describe the incandescent rock expelled during a volcanic eruption.
You are a news reporter covering a major volcanic eruption. Write a short, engaging news report about the lava flow, its impact on the surrounding area, and any safety precautions being taken.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
BREAKING NEWS: Mount Vesuvius is erupting! A massive lava flow is currently threatening the outskirts of Pompeii. Emergency services have initiated a rapid evacuation of all residents within a 5-mile radius, as the slow but unstoppable rivers of molten rock continue their destructive path. Homes, businesses, and essential infrastructure are already being engulfed by the incandescent flow. Authorities urge everyone to follow official instructions and stay clear of the hazardous zone. The future of this historic region hangs precariously in the balance.
What factor is NOT mentioned as influencing the flow of lava?
Read this passage:
Volcanic eruptions are some of the most spectacular and destructive natural phenomena on Earth. When a volcano erupts, molten rock, known as lava, can flow out onto the surface. The type of lava, its temperature, and its gas content all influence how quickly and how far it flows. Some lavas are very fluid, traveling great distances, while others are thick and pasty, barely moving from the vent. As lava cools, it solidifies into various forms of igneous rock, shaping landscapes and creating new landmasses over geological timescales.
What factor is NOT mentioned as influencing the flow of lava?
The passage mentions the type of lava, its temperature, and its gas content as influences on flow, but not its color.
The passage mentions the type of lava, its temperature, and its gas content as influences on flow, but not its color.
What is a characteristic of basalt lava, as described in the passage?
Read this passage:
The Hawaiian Islands are a prime example of land built up by countless lava flows over millions of years. The volcanoes there primarily produce a type of lava called basalt, which is typically very fluid. This fluidity allows the lava to spread out in thin sheets, creating the characteristic gentle slopes and broad shield shapes of Hawaiian volcanoes. In contrast, volcanoes that produce more viscous lava often have steeper sides and are prone to more explosive eruptions due to gas trapping.
What is a characteristic of basalt lava, as described in the passage?
The passage states that basalt lava is 'typically very fluid' and this fluidity 'creates the characteristic gentle slopes and broad shield shapes of Hawaiian volcanoes'.
The passage states that basalt lava is 'typically very fluid' and this fluidity 'creates the characteristic gentle slopes and broad shield shapes of Hawaiian volcanoes'.
According to the passage, what is a long-term benefit of lava flows?
Read this passage:
While lava is incredibly destructive to anything in its immediate path, it also plays a crucial role in forming new land and enriching soil. Over time, solidified lava weathers down, releasing minerals that can make the soil exceptionally fertile. This is why areas around volcanoes, despite the inherent risks, are often highly prized for agriculture. However, the initial cooling process can be slow, and the ground remains extremely hot long after the flow has stopped, posing a continued hazard.
According to the passage, what is a long-term benefit of lava flows?
The passage states, 'Over time, solidified lava weathers down, releasing minerals that can make the soil exceptionally fertile. This is why areas around volcanoes... are often highly prized for agriculture.'
The passage states, 'Over time, solidified lava weathers down, releasing minerals that can make the soil exceptionally fertile. This is why areas around volcanoes... are often highly prized for agriculture.'
This sentence describes the flow of molten rock from an erupting volcano.
This sentence explains how lava forms igneous rock as it cools.
This sentence vividly describes the destructive and awe-inspiring nature of a lava stream.
The catastrophic volcanic eruption blanketed the entire region in a thick layer of hardened ___.
Lava is the molten rock that flows from a volcano and hardens upon cooling, fitting the context of blanketing a region after an eruption.
Scientists observed the incandescent flow of ___ as it slowly advanced, consuming everything in its path.
The term 'incandescent flow' strongly suggests the molten rock emanating from a volcano, which is lava.
Geologists are studying the distinct patterns formed by the cooling ___ to understand the eruption's dynamics.
Cooling lava creates distinct patterns, providing insights into the mechanics of volcanic eruptions, aligning with the context of geological study.
The ancient city was preserved under layers of volcanic ash and petrified ___, a testament to the volcano's destructive power.
Petrified lava, alongside volcanic ash, would be a natural consequence of a powerful volcanic eruption, capable of preserving an ancient city.
Despite its destructive nature, the fertile soil around the volcano is a direct result of decomposed volcanic material, including weathered ___.
Weathered lava contributes to fertile volcanic soil, showcasing the long-term environmental impact of eruptions.
The molten ___ cascaded down the slopes, illuminating the night sky with an eerie, orange glow.
'Molten' and 'cascaded down the slopes' are clear indicators of lava flowing from a volcano, creating a luminous effect.
Focus on distinguishing between 'pyroclastic flow' and 'lava' based on their destructive nature.
Listen for the paradox of lava's speed and its impact on the environment.
Pay attention to what 'cooled lava' helps geologists understand.
Read this aloud:
The geological implications of a major volcanic eruption, particularly the extensive lava fields it produces, are profound and long-lasting.
Focus: geological implications, profound, long-lasting
당신의 답변:
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Read this aloud:
While lava is often associated with immediate destruction, its long-term role in forming new landmasses and enriching soil is undeniably significant.
Focus: undeniably significant, immediate destruction, enriching soil
당신의 답변:
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Read this aloud:
Describe the unique challenges and scientific opportunities presented by studying active lava flows in remote and hazardous locations.
Focus: unique challenges, scientific opportunities, remote and hazardous locations
당신의 답변:
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This sentence describes the dramatic exit of lava from a volcano, using C1 vocabulary to create a vivid image.
This sentence focuses on the aftermath of lava flows, utilizing advanced vocabulary to describe the altered environment.
This sentence delves into the scientific study of lava, using precise terminology relevant to geology at a C1 level.
The catastrophic eruption sent torrents of molten ___ cascading down the volcano's flanks, engulfing everything in its path.
Lava refers to molten rock that has erupted from a volcano and flows on the Earth's surface. Magma is molten rock beneath the surface. Ash and rock are solid materials.
The ancient city was completely entombed beneath layers of petrified ___, preserving its structures in an eerily pristine state.
Petrified lava refers to lava that has cooled and solidified into rock, often preserving the forms of objects it covered. Sediment, ice, and sand do not typically entomb cities in this manner.
Geologists meticulously studied the cooled ___ formations, seeking clues about the volcano's past eruptive patterns and the mineral composition of the Earth's mantle.
Cooled lava formations, also known as igneous rocks, provide valuable insights into volcanic activity and geological processes. Soil, water, and clouds are not relevant to this type of geological study.
The term 'lava' exclusively denotes molten rock still within the Earth's crust, prior to eruption.
'Lava' specifically refers to molten rock that has erupted and flows on the Earth's surface. Molten rock beneath the surface is called 'magma'.
The rapid cooling of viscous lava can lead to the formation of obsidian, a natural volcanic glass.
Obsidian is indeed a natural volcanic glass formed when highly viscous lava cools very rapidly, preventing crystal growth.
Lava flows are invariably slow-moving, posing minimal threat to inhabited areas due to ample evacuation time.
While some lava flows are slow, others can be very rapid, especially pahoehoe flows on steep slopes, posing significant threats and requiring swift evacuation.
This sentence describes a volcano erupting and spewing molten lava.
This sentence describes how hardened lava can shape the landscape over a long period.
This sentence vividly describes the destructive movement of a lava flow.
/ 84 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
Lava is molten rock that erupts from volcanoes and hardens into stone.
- Lava is molten rock from a volcano.
- It's very hot and flows.
- When it cools, it becomes solid rock.
예시
The red lava moved slowly down the side of the mountain.
관련 콘텐츠
맥락에서 배우기
nature 관련 단어
algae
A1Algae are simple plants that grow in or near water and do not have ordinary leaves or roots. They can be very small like green spots or very large like seaweed found in the ocean.
amphibian
A1An amphibian is a type of animal that can live both on land and in water. Most amphibians, like frogs and salamanders, start their lives in the water and move to land as they grow older.
asteroid
A1An asteroid is a large rock that travels through space and orbits the sun. It is much smaller than a planet and is mostly made of rock and metal.
astronomy
A1Astronomy is the scientific study of stars, planets, and everything else in space. It is the branch of science that looks at how the universe works outside of Earth's atmosphere.
atmospheric pressure
A1Atmospheric pressure is the weight of the air in the sky pressing down on the Earth. It changes depending on the weather and how high you are above the sea.
bear
A2털이 많고 크고 힘센 동물을 말해요.
camel
A2등에 혹이 있고 사막에서 사는 큰 동물이야.
camouflage
A1위장은 주변 환경과 비슷하게 보여서 몸을 숨기는 방법이에요. 눈에 잘 띄지 않게 해서 위험으로부터 자신을 보호하는 거죠.
canopy
A1나무들의 가지와 잎이 모여서 만들어진 숲의 가장 윗부분을 말해.
canyon
A1협곡은 아주 가파른 절벽이 있는 깊은 골짜기예요. 보통 강물이 흐르면서 오랜 시간 동안 땅을 깎아 만들어지죠.
