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B1 Verb #42 가장 일반적인 16분 분량

outlive

상위 42

At the A1 level, the word 'outlive' might be a bit difficult, but we can understand it simply. It means to live for a longer time than another person. For example, if a grandmother is 90 years old and her husband died when he was 80, she outlived him. We use it to talk about who is still alive in a family. It is like saying 'live more years than.' You can think of it as 'Out' (more) + 'Live.' So, if you have a pet turtle and you are 10 years old, and the turtle lives for 100 years, the turtle will outlive you. It is a word about time and living. We don't use it for small things like a lunch or a movie. We use it for people, animals, and very old trees. It helps us talk about history and families. When you learn this word, you can tell stories about your great-grandparents. You can say, 'My great-grandmother outlived all her friends.' This means she was the last one alive. It is a useful word for talking about age and life in a very simple way.

At the A2 level, we start to use 'outlive' to compare the ages of people and sometimes objects. It is a transitive verb, which means you put the person who lives longer first, then 'outlive,' then the person who died first. You don't need to say 'than.' For example, 'My cat outlived my dog.' This means the cat lived more years than the dog. We also use it in a common way to talk about things that last a long time. You might hear someone say, 'This old car will outlive us all!' This is a funny way of saying the car is very strong and will work for many years. You can also use it for plants. 'The trees in the park outlive the people who plant them.' This level is about making simple comparisons between two lifespans. It is also important to know that we use 'outlived' for the past. 'She outlived her husband by ten years.' The 'by' tells us the difference in time. It is a great word to use when you are describing a family tree or talking about how long things last in your house.

At the B1 level, 'outlive' becomes more versatile. You will see it used not just for people, but for ideas and functions. A very common phrase at this level is 'to outlive its usefulness.' This means that something is still there, but it is no longer useful. For example, 'The old computer has outlived its usefulness.' It still turns on, but it is too slow to use. You might also hear 'outlive one's welcome,' which means staying at someone's house for too long until they want you to leave. At B1, you should also be comfortable with the passive voice: 'He was outlived by his three children.' This is very common in news stories and biographies. You are moving from just talking about 'who is older' to talking about 'how long something is relevant.' You might discuss if a tradition will outlive the modern world. This level requires you to understand that 'outlive' is about a comparison of duration. It is a useful word for essays about technology, society, and personal history. It helps you express the idea of something lasting longer than expected or longer than something else.

At the B2 level, you should use 'outlive' with more nuance and in more formal contexts. You will encounter it in academic texts discussing history, sociology, and environmental science. For instance, you might read about how 'the Roman legal system outlived the empire itself.' This shows a metaphorical use where a system of ideas continues after the physical organization has disappeared. You should also be able to distinguish 'outlive' from 'outlast' and 'survive' in complex sentences. In a B2 level discussion, you might use 'outlive' to talk about environmental issues: 'Plastic waste will outlive many species currently on Earth.' This uses the word to create a strong, dramatic comparison. You will also see it in literature to describe characters who carry the burden of living longer than their loved ones. At this level, you should be able to use the word to discuss legacies, reputations, and the long-term impact of policies. It is no longer just about years; it is about the persistence of influence and the duration of consequences. You can use it to add depth to your arguments about sustainability and historical change.

At the C1 level, 'outlive' is used to explore complex philosophical and existential themes. You will find it in high-level literature and philosophical essays. It might be used to discuss the 'afterlife' of an author's work—how a book outlives its creator and takes on new meanings in different centuries. You should be able to use it in sophisticated structures, such as 'The irony of his life was that his failures outlived his successes in the public memory.' This level involves understanding the emotional and social weight of the word. You might analyze how certain social structures outlive their original purpose and become obstacles to progress. In professional contexts, you might use it to discuss the longevity of corporate cultures or the endurance of brand identities. You should also be able to use it in the perfect tenses to describe ongoing states of existence: 'The legend has outlived the facts of the case.' This shows a mastery of how time and truth interact. Your vocabulary should allow you to use 'outlive' to describe the resilience of the human spirit or the tragic endurance of grief. It is a word that helps you articulate the relationship between time, memory, and existence.

At the C2 level, your use of 'outlive' should be indistinguishable from a highly educated native speaker. You will use it to weave intricate narratives about history, philosophy, and the human condition. You might use it to describe the 'atemporal' nature of great art, noting how a masterpiece 'outlives the very civilization that birthed it, speaking to universal truths that transcend its era.' You will understand the most subtle idiomatic uses and be able to create your own metaphors. For example, 'His bitterness had outlived the original slight, becoming a self-sustaining engine of his personality.' This level of usage shows a deep understanding of the word's ability to compare the lifespans of emotions and internal states. You will also be adept at using it in formal, legal, or highly technical contexts, such as discussing the 'outliving' of patents or the survival of biological lineages over geological timescales. You can use 'outlive' to discuss the paradoxes of longevity—how a person might outlive their own sense of self in the face of cognitive decline. At C2, 'outlive' is a precision tool for measuring the duration of anything that can be said to have a beginning and an end, whether it is a life, a thought, or a star.

연습하기 예시 노트와 팁

outlive 30초 만에

Outlive means to live or last longer than someone or something else.
It is a transitive verb, so you outlive an object directly without prepositions.
Commonly used for people, but also for ideas, objects, and social situations.
In formal writing, it often appears in the passive voice: 'is outlived by'.

The verb outlive is a powerful transitive verb that describes a temporal victory of one entity over another. At its most literal level, it refers to biological longevity—the act of remaining alive for a longer duration than another person or organism. However, its utility extends far beyond the cemetery or the hospital ward. In modern English, we use 'outlive' to describe the endurance of ideas, the lifespan of mechanical objects, and the persistence of social phenomena. When you say a person outlived their spouse, you are stating a biological fact. When you say a piece of software has outlived its usefulness, you are making a functional judgment about its relevance in a changing world. This word is essential for discussing history, biology, and personal legacy because it inherently compares two lifespans, placing them on a timeline where one inevitably stretches further than the other.

Biological Context: Used to compare the lifespans of humans, animals, or plants. For example, 'Galapagos tortoises often outlive the scientists who study them.'

Despite his fragile health in youth, the patriarch managed to outlive all of his siblings by nearly a decade.

The nuance of 'outlive' often carries a weight of irony or tragedy. In literature, characters who outlive their children are often portrayed as figures of profound grief, highlighting that living longer is not always a 'win.' Conversely, in the world of technology and design, outliving a warranty is seen as a mark of superior craftsmanship. The word forces the listener to consider the end-point of existence. It is not just about living; it is about surviving past a specific marker. This makes it a frequent choice in biographical writing, where the chronology of a family is established. You will also find it in discussions about environmental impact, such as how plastic waste will outlive the humans who manufactured it, creating a stark contrast between human life and environmental degradation.

Functional Obsolescence: Used when an object or idea is still present but no longer serves its original purpose. 'The old law has outlived its original intent.'

In the digital age, many physical media formats outlive the hardware required to play them.

Furthermore, 'outlive' is used in the context of reputations and legacies. A person's influence can outlive their physical body, a concept central to fame and historical significance. When we say 'His fame outlived him,' we are personifying the fame as something that has its own lifespan. This metaphorical usage is incredibly common in academic and journalistic writing. It allows writers to discuss the 'life' of abstract concepts like empires, trends, or artistic movements. In these cases, 'outlive' suggests a certain resilience or an unexpected duration of existence. It implies that the subject had a natural 'expiry date' that it somehow surpassed. This is why we often hear about people who 'outlive their welcome,' meaning they stayed in a place or situation longer than they were wanted, effectively surviving past the expiration of the host's hospitality.

The dictator's policies unfortunately outlived his regime, causing problems for decades.

Social Context: Often used in social idioms to describe overstaying or remaining relevant past a peak. 'The band outlived their popularity.'

It is a rare thing for a fashion trend to outlive the decade in which it was born.

In summary, 'outlive' is a versatile tool for comparison. It bridges the gap between the biological reality of death and the metaphorical reality of obsolescence. Whether you are writing a history paper about how a dynasty outlived its rivals, or a technical manual about how a component might outlive the machine it is in, 'outlive' provides a concise way to express the concept of surviving beyond a specific limit. It is a word of duration, comparison, and sometimes, endurance against the odds. Its presence in the CEFR B1 level suggests that while the concept is simple, its application in various contexts requires a nuanced understanding of how we measure time and existence in English.

Using outlive correctly requires an understanding of its transitive nature. In English, a transitive verb is one that acts directly upon an object. You do not 'outlive from' or 'outlive than' someone; you simply 'outlive someone.' The subject of the sentence is the entity that lasts longer, and the object is the entity that ceases to exist or function first. This structure is consistent across all tenses. For example, in the past tense, you might say, 'She outlived her husband by twenty years.' Here, 'She' is the subject, 'outlived' is the verb, and 'her husband' is the direct object. The phrase 'by twenty years' is an optional adverbial phrase that specifies the margin of difference between the two lifespans.

Active Voice Pattern: [Subject] + [outlive] + [Object]. 'The oak tree outlived the house built next to it.'

Scientists predict that some modern plastics will outlive human civilization if left in the ocean.

One of the most common ways to use 'outlive' is in the future tense with 'will' or 'is going to.' This is often used in predictions about health, technology, or environmental impact. For instance, 'This high-quality leather jacket will outlive you if you take care of it.' This usage personifies the object, giving it a 'life' that can be compared to a human life. It is also frequently used with modal verbs like 'can' or 'might' to express possibility. 'A healthy lifestyle might help you outlive your genetic predispositions.' In this sentence, the object is 'genetic predispositions,' which is an abstract concept, showing the flexibility of the verb.

Passive Voice Usage: [Object] + [be outlived by] + [Subject]. 'The king was outlived by his three daughters.'

It is a common fear among parents of children with special needs that they will be outlived by their children without a care plan.

The passive voice, 'to be outlived by,' is particularly common in formal biographies and obituaries. It shifts the focus to the person who has passed away while listing the survivors. 'He is outlived by his wife of fifty years and their four children.' This is a standard journalistic convention. Additionally, 'outlive' is often paired with the word 'usefulness' or 'purpose.' This is a semi-idiomatic expression: 'to outlive its usefulness.' It means that something is no longer needed or effective. For example, 'The old bridge has outlived its usefulness and will be demolished next month.' In this context, the 'life' of the bridge is its functional period. You can also outlive a period of time, such as 'outliving the century,' which means being born in one century and dying in the next.

The antique clock has outlived three generations of the Smith family.

Negative Constructions: Used to express that something did not last as long as expected. 'The small business did not outlive its first year.'

No one expected the startup to outlive the initial market crash.

Finally, consider the use of 'outlive' in comparative questions. 'Do you think you will outlive your cat?' or 'Will this stone house outlive the wooden one?' These questions are straightforward and follow the standard verb-subject-object order for interrogatives. The verb 'outlive' is a 'stative-like' dynamic verb; it describes a state of being (alive) but in a comparative, active sense. It doesn't usually take the continuous form (-ing) because 'outliving' is not typically viewed as a progressive action in the moment, but rather a completed fact or a general state. You wouldn't say 'I am outliving him right now' unless you were speaking very metaphorically or humorously. Stick to simple and perfect tenses for the most natural sound.

In the real world, outlive appears in several distinct domains, ranging from the deeply personal to the broadly societal. One of the most common places you will encounter it is in the news, specifically in obituaries and biographical reports. When a famous figure passes away, journalists often list the family members who remain, using the phrase 'is outlived by.' This is a formal, respectful way to acknowledge the survivors. For example, 'The legendary actress is outlived by her two sons and five grandchildren.' This usage is so standard that it has become a staple of journalistic English, providing a clear structure for summarizing a person's family legacy at the time of their death.

Journalism and Obituaries: Standard phrasing for survivors. 'The philanthropist was outlived by his charitable foundation and his niece.'

In the evening news, the reporter noted that the centenarian had outlived all of her contemporary rivals.

Another major area where 'outlive' is frequently heard is in the health and wellness industry. With the rise of 'longevity' as a popular topic, experts often discuss how certain habits can help people 'outlive' their ancestors or the average life expectancy. You might hear a doctor on a podcast say, 'By managing your stress, you can outlive your genetic markers for heart disease.' In this context, 'outlive' is used as a goal—a measurable success in the quest for a longer life. This has even extended to book titles, such as the best-seller 'Outlive: The Science and Art of Longevity' by Peter Attia, which has popularized the word as a synonym for proactive health management. Here, the word carries a connotation of vitality and triumph over the natural aging process.

Environmental Science: Discussing the persistence of pollutants. 'Nuclear waste will outlive the containers we build to hold it.'

The documentary highlighted how plastic bottles outlive the people who use them for only five minutes.

In the world of business and technology, 'outlive' is used to describe the lifecycle of products and companies. Analysts might discuss whether a startup will 'outlive the current economic downturn' or if a legacy brand will 'outlive its competitors.' This usage is metaphorical but very common in financial reporting. It implies a struggle for survival where only the strongest or most adaptable endure. Similarly, in environmental discussions, 'outlive' is used to create a sense of urgency about pollution. We hear that 'plastic outlives us,' which is a vivid way of saying that plastic takes hundreds of years to decompose. This use of 'outlive' contrasts the human lifespan with the geological lifespan of synthetic materials, making the environmental impact feel more personal and immediate.

Economists wonder if the traditional retail model will outlive the rise of e-commerce giants.

History and Literature: Comparing the duration of reigns or the survival of works. 'Shakespeare's plays have outlived the language he wrote them in.'

The historian argued that the Roman influence outlived the Roman Empire itself by over a millennium.

Finally, you will hear 'outlive' in casual social settings, often in the form of idioms. 'To outlive one's welcome' is a very common expression used when someone has stayed at a party or a guest house for too long. 'I think I've outlived my welcome here; I should probably head home.' It's a polite, slightly self-deprecating way to acknowledge that your presence is no longer optimal. You might also hear people talk about 'outliving' a bad reputation or a mistake from their past. In all these cases, 'outlive' serves as a bridge between the literal and the figurative, making it a versatile and frequently used word in both formal and informal English conversations.

Despite its relatively simple meaning, outlive is frequently used incorrectly by learners, primarily due to confusion with other 'out-' verbs and the misuse of prepositions. The most common error is adding a preposition like 'than' or 'over' after the verb. Because 'outlive' is a comparative verb, many students feel the need to use 'than,' as they would with 'longer than.' However, 'outlive' already contains the comparative meaning within itself. Saying 'He outlived than his brother' is grammatically incorrect. The correct form is 'He outlived his brother.' This transitive structure is vital to master, as adding extra words makes the sentence sound unnatural and cluttered.

The 'Than' Trap: Incorrect: 'She outlived than her cat.' Correct: 'She outlived her cat.'

Many students mistakenly write that a legacy outlives over the person, but the 'over' is unnecessary.

Another frequent mistake is confusing 'outlive' with 'survive.' While they are related, they are not always interchangeable. 'Survive' often implies living through a specific dangerous event, like a car crash or a war. 'Outlive' focuses purely on the duration of time. You 'survive' a disaster, but you 'outlive' a person. For example, if two people are in an accident and one lives while the other dies, you could say 'He survived the accident.' If they both survive the accident, but one dies twenty years later than the other, you would say 'He outlived his friend.' Using 'outlive' when you mean 'survive a crisis' can lead to confusion about whether you are talking about a specific event or a general lifespan.

Confusion with 'Outlast': While 'outlive' is for living things, 'outlast' is usually for objects. Using 'outlive' for a battery is common but technically 'outlast' is more precise.

While you can say a car outlived its owner, it is more common to say the battery outlasted the phone.

A third area of confusion involves the passive voice. In obituaries, the phrase 'is outlived by' is standard. However, learners sometimes get the order reversed. If John dies and his wife Mary is still alive, John 'is outlived by' Mary. Learners sometimes say 'Mary is outlived by John,' which would mean Mary died first. This reversal completely changes the factual meaning of the sentence. It is helpful to remember that the person who is *dead* is the subject of the passive 'is outlived by.' Another subtle mistake is using 'outlive' as an intransitive verb. You cannot just say 'He outlived.' You must outlive *something* or *someone*. If you want to say he lived a long time without a comparison, use 'lived long' or 'survived'.

The obituary clearly stated that the professor was outlived by his research assistants and his spouse.

Inappropriate Contexts: Avoid using 'outlive' for short-term activities. You don't 'outlive' a movie; you 'sit through' it or it 'lasts longer than' your patience.

It would be strange to say that a dinner party outlived the guests; instead, we say it lasted longer than expected.

Lastly, be careful with the idiom 'outlive its usefulness.' It is a fixed phrase. Changing it to 'outlive its use' or 'outlive its helpfulness' sounds slightly 'off' to native speakers. Stick to the standard 'usefulness.' Similarly, 'outlive one's welcome' is a set phrase. By avoiding these common pitfalls—unnecessary prepositions, confusion with 'survive,' passive voice reversals, and incorrect idiomatic phrasing—you will be able to use 'outlive' with the precision and naturalness of a native speaker. Mastery of this word allows for sophisticated comparisons of time and existence that are essential for clear communication in English.

While outlive is a specific and useful word, English offers several alternatives that carry similar meanings but differ in register, nuance, or typical context. The most direct synonym is outlast. While 'outlive' is traditionally reserved for living organisms, 'outlast' is the preferred term for inanimate objects, emotions, or abstract concepts. For example, 'This battery will outlast the competition.' While you *can* use 'outlive' for a battery, 'outlast' sounds more technically accurate. However, 'outlive' is often chosen when the writer wants to personify an object or emphasize its 'lifespan' in a more poetic way.

Outlive vs. Outlast: 'Outlive' is for biological life (people, trees). 'Outlast' is for durability (shoes, storms, batteries).

The runner managed to outlast his opponents in the final mile of the marathon.

Another close relative is survive. As discussed in the common mistakes section, 'survive' is often used for events. However, it can also be used as a direct synonym for 'outlive' in the context of family members. 'He survived his wife' is a perfectly acceptable and very common alternative to 'He outlived his wife.' In fact, 'survive' is often used in legal documents and formal obituaries. The difference is subtle: 'outlive' emphasizes the *duration* of life, while 'survive' emphasizes the *fact* of remaining alive after another's death. If you want to sound more formal or legalistic, 'survive' is a strong choice. If you want to emphasize the passage of time, 'outlive' is better.

Endure and Persist: 'Endure' suggests suffering or difficulty. 'Persist' suggests continuing despite obstacles. Neither requires a direct object like 'outlive' does.

The ancient ruins endured through centuries of harsh weather and neglect.

For abstract concepts like fame, ideas, or traditions, words like persist, prevail, or remain can be used. However, these are intransitive and don't allow for the direct comparison that 'outlive' provides. You would say 'The tradition persisted,' but you would say 'The tradition outlived the empire.' This ability to directly link two entities is the unique strength of 'outlive.' In more casual speech, you might simply use 'live longer than.' While this is clear, it lacks the punch and sophistication of 'outlive.' For example, 'He lived longer than his brother' is fine, but 'He outlived his brother' is more concise and stylistically polished. This is why 'outlive' is a favorite in literature and high-level journalism.

Truth will always prevail, even if it takes generations to be recognized.

Outgrow: Sometimes confused with outlive, but means to become too big for something or to stop doing something as you get older.

Children quickly outgrow their clothes, just as they outgrow their childhood fears.

In conclusion, when choosing between 'outlive' and its alternatives, consider the subject and the tone. Use 'outlive' for biological life or when you want to personify an object's duration. Use 'outlast' for inanimate durability. Use 'survive' for formal family contexts or surviving events. Use 'endure' or 'persist' for abstract concepts that don't need a direct comparison. By understanding these subtle differences, you can select the word that most accurately conveys your meaning and fits the register of your writing. 'Outlive' remains one of the most versatile and evocative choices for discussing the relative spans of life and existence.

How Formal Is It?

격식체

중립

비격식체

Child friendly

속어

재미있는 사실

The prefix 'out-' is one of the most productive in English, creating hundreds of verbs that mean 'to do something better or longer than someone else'.

발음 가이드

UK /ˌaʊtˈlɪv/

US /ˌaʊtˈlɪv/

Second syllable: out-LIVE.

라임이 맞는 단어

give sieve forgive relive perceive (near) believe (near) receive (near) achieve (near)

자주 하는 실수

Stressing the first syllable (OUT-live).
Pronouncing 'live' like 'five' (it should be like 'give').
Adding an 's' sound at the end (outlives) when not needed.
Confusing the 'v' with an 'f' sound.
Merging the 't' and 'l' too closely.

난이도

독해 3/5

Easy to understand in context but requires knowing the 'out-' prefix.

쓰기 4/5

Common mistakes with prepositions ('outlive than') are frequent.

말하기 3/5

Natural in idioms but less common in basic daily chat.

듣기 2/5

Clear pronunciation and usually followed by a clear object.

다음에 무엇을 배울까

선수 학습

live longer survive than age

다음에 배울 것

outlast outgrow longevity obsolescence legacy

고급

predecease transience perpetuity ephemeral endurance

알아야 할 문법

Transitive Verbs

You outlive [someone], not outlive *with* [someone].

Passive Voice in Obituaries

He was outlived by his family.

Prefix 'out-' for comparison

Outrun, outdo, outlive, outperform.

Preposition 'by' for duration

She outlived him by five years.

Stative vs Dynamic

'Outlive' describes a state of duration but acts as an active comparison.

수준별 예문

My grandmother is 95. She outlived her husband.

Ma grand-mère a 95 ans. Elle a vécu plus longtemps que son mari.

Simple past tense 'outlived'.

Does a turtle outlive a dog?

Est-ce qu'une tortue vit plus longtemps qu'un chien ?

Present tense question.

The old tree will outlive us.

Le vieil arbre nous survivra.

Future tense with 'will'.

She outlived her sister by two years.

Elle a survécu à sa sœur de deux ans.

Using 'by' to show the time difference.

He wants to outlive his enemies.

Il veut vivre plus longtemps que ses ennemis.

Infinitive 'to outlive'.

My cat outlived my bird.

Mon chat a vécu plus longtemps que mon oiseau.

Direct object 'my bird'.

Some plants outlive humans.

Certaines plantes vivent plus longtemps que les humains.

General truth in present simple.

Who outlived the king?

Qui a vécu plus longtemps que le roi ?

Subject question.

The queen outlived most of her children.

La reine a vécu plus longtemps que la plupart de ses enfants.

Transitive verb with 'most of her children'.

This leather bag will outlive that cheap one.

Ce sac en cuir durera plus longtemps que celui-là qui est bon marché.

Comparing two objects.

He outlived his brother by a long time.

Il a vécu bien plus longtemps que son frère.

Adverbial phrase 'by a long time'.

I hope I outlive my mortgage!

J'espère vivre plus longtemps que mon prêt immobilier !

Metaphorical use for a debt.

The tortoise outlived the scientist who found it.

La tortue a vécu plus longtemps que le scientifique qui l'a trouvée.

Relative clause 'who found it'.

She was sad to outlive her best friend.

Elle était triste de vivre plus longtemps que sa meilleure amie.

Infinitive after an adjective.

Will this phone outlive its warranty?

Ce téléphone durera-t-il plus longtemps que sa garantie ?

Future question.

They outlived the war and moved to a new country.

Ils ont survécu à la guerre (vécu plus longtemps qu'elle) et ont déménagé.

Outliving a period of time.

The old factory has outlived its usefulness.

La vieille usine n'est plus d'aucune utilité.

Common idiom 'outlived its usefulness'.

He was outlived by his wife and three daughters.

Il a laissé dans le deuil sa femme et ses trois filles.

Passive voice 'was outlived by'.

I think I've outlived my welcome at this party.

Je pense que j'ai dépassé les bornes de l'hospitalité à cette fête.

Idiom 'outlived my welcome'.

Her fame outlived her by many decades.

Sa renommée lui a survécu pendant de nombreuses décennies.

Metaphorical use with 'fame'.

Few businesses outlive their founders.

Peu d'entreprises survivent à leurs fondateurs.

Quantifier 'few'.

The legend of the ghost outlived the house itself.

La légende du fantôme a survécu à la maison elle-même.

Abstract subject 'legend'.

Can a person outlive their own reputation?

Une personne peut-elle vivre plus longtemps que sa propre réputation ?

Modal verb 'can'.

This policy has outlived the government that created it.

Cette politique a survécu au gouvernement qui l'a créée.

Present perfect tense.

The architect's vision outlived the buildings he designed.

La vision de l'architecte a survécu aux bâtiments qu'il a conçus.

Abstract subject 'vision'.

It is rare for a fashion trend to outlive the decade.

Il est rare qu'une tendance de mode survive à la décennie.

Infinitive phrase as subject complement.

The treaty outlived the conflict it was meant to resolve.

Le traité a survécu au conflit qu'il était censé résoudre.

Comparing a document to a conflict.

He feared outliving his mental faculties.

Il craignait de vivre plus longtemps que ses facultés mentales.

Gerund 'outliving' after 'feared'.

The species managed to outlive several mass extinctions.

L'espèce a réussi à survivre à plusieurs extinctions massives.

Scientific context.

Her influence on the company outlived her tenure as CEO.

Son influence sur l'entreprise a survécu à son mandat de PDG.

Noun 'tenure' as object.

The jokes outlived the comedian who told them.

Les blagues ont survécu au comédien qui les racontait.

Plural subject.

Do ideas truly outlive the people who conceive them?

Les idées survivent-elles vraiment aux personnes qui les conçoivent ?

Philosophical question.

The institution has outlived its original mandate and now seeks a new purpose.

L'institution a survécu à son mandat initial et cherche maintenant un nouvel objectif.

Complex sentence with 'and now seeks'.

To outlive one's children is a grief beyond words.

Survivre à ses enfants est un chagrin au-delà des mots.

Infinitive phrase as subject.

The colonial structures outlived the empires that built them, standing as silent witnesses.

Les structures coloniales ont survécu aux empires qui les ont bâties, se dressant comme des témoins silencieux.

Participial phrase 'standing as...'.

His literary reputation outlived the controversies of his personal life.

Sa réputation littéraire a survécu aux controverses de sa vie personnelle.

Abstract comparison.

The virus can outlive its host if environmental conditions are favorable.

Le virus peut survivre à son hôte si les conditions environnementales sont favorables.

Scientific conditional.

She was determined that her work would outlive her.

Elle était déterminée à ce que son travail lui survive.

Subordinate clause with 'would'.

The archaic law outlived its relevance by over a century.

La loi archaïque a survécu à sa pertinence de plus d'un siècle.

Precision with 'by over a century'.

Few things outlive the test of time as well as a good story.

Peu de choses résistent aussi bien à l'épreuve du temps qu'une bonne histoire.

Comparative 'as well as'.

The monarch’s legacy outlived the ephemeral political alliances of his reign.

L'héritage du monarque a survécu aux alliances politiques éphémères de son règne.

Advanced vocabulary 'ephemeral', 'alliances'.

In the grand tapestry of evolution, many primitive traits outlive their utility.

Dans la grande tapisserie de l'évolution, de nombreux traits primitifs survivent à leur utilité.

Metaphorical 'tapestry of evolution'.

The poet lamented that his sorrow would likely outlive his joy.

Le poète déplorait que son chagrin survivrait probablement à sa joie.

Reported thought with 'would'.

Does the soul outlive the body, or is consciousness a mere biological byproduct?

L'âme survit-elle au corps, ou la conscience n'est-elle qu'un simple sous-produit biologique ?

Existential inquiry.

The ruins of the city outlived the memory of the language spoken within its walls.

Les ruines de la ville ont survécu au souvenir de la langue parlée entre ses murs.

Poetic comparison.

The company’s toxic culture unfortunately outlived the CEO who fostered it.

La culture toxique de l'entreprise a malheureusement survécu au PDG qui l'a favorisée.

Negative connotation.

Her grief had outlived the very reason for its existence, becoming a part of her identity.

Son chagrin avait survécu à la raison même de son existence, devenant une partie de son identité.

Past perfect with participial phrase.

The plastic debris in our oceans will outlive the next ten generations of humanity.

Les débris plastiques dans nos océans survivront aux dix prochaines générations de l'humanité.

Temporal comparison.

자주 쓰는 조합

outlive its usefulness

outlive one's welcome

outlive one's children

outlive the competition

outlive a spouse

outlive the century

outlive a reputation

outlive a warranty

outlive a regime

outlive the hype

자주 쓰는 구문

outlive the past

outlive the trend

outlive the danger

outlive expectations

outlive the memory

outlive the fame

outlive the purpose

outlive the peers

outlive the century

outlive the pain

자주 혼동되는 단어

outlive vs survive

Survive is for events/accidents; outlive is for duration of life.

outlive vs outlast

Outlast is better for objects; outlive is better for living things.

outlive vs outgrow

Outgrow means becoming too big; outlive means lasting longer.

관용어 및 표현

"outlive one's welcome"

To stay somewhere too long until you are no longer wanted.

We should go before we outlive our welcome.

Informal

"outlive its usefulness"

Something that is no longer helpful or relevant.

This computer has outlived its usefulness.

Neutral

"outlive the hype"

To remain relevant after the initial excitement has faded.

Few apps outlive the initial hype.

Modern

"outlive the critics"

To remain successful despite negative reviews.

The show outlived the critics' harsh words.

Arts

"outlive the scandal"

To continue a career after a public mistake.

He managed to outlive the scandal.

Public Life

"outlive the odds"

To live longer than predicted by statistics.

He outlived the odds given by his doctors.

Medical

"outlive the dream"

To continue living after a major goal has been achieved or failed.

He outlived the dream of his youth.

Literary

"outlive the name"

For a person's actions to be remembered longer than their name.

His deeds outlived his name.

Poetic

"outlive the era"

To remain relevant in a completely different time period.

The music outlived the era of disco.

Cultural

"outlive the shadow"

To move past the influence of a powerful predecessor.

The prince outlived the shadow of his father.

Literary

혼동하기 쉬운

outlive vs outlast

Both mean to last longer.

Outlive is biological; outlast is mechanical/functional.

The battery outlasted the toy, but the turtle outlived the cat.

outlive vs survive

Both involve staying alive.

Survive is often about a specific danger; outlive is about a comparative lifespan.

He survived the crash but didn't outlive his brother.

outlive vs overlive

Sounds similar.

Overlive is rare and usually means to live too intensely or beyond one's means.

He tried to overlive his income.

outlive vs outstay

Used in social contexts.

Outstay is specifically for staying too long in a place (outstay your welcome).

Don't outstay your welcome.

outlive vs persist

Both mean to continue.

Persist is intransitive and doesn't compare two things directly.

The rain persisted all day.

문장 패턴

Subject + outlived + Person.

He outlived his friend.

Subject + will outlive + Object.

This tree will outlive us.

Subject + has outlived + its usefulness.

The car has outlived its usefulness.

Subject + was outlived by + Family.

She was outlived by her son.

Subject + outlived + Object + by [Time].

She outlived him by a decade.

Abstract Subject + outlives + Object.

His fame outlives his physical presence.

Gerund as Subject + outliving + Object...

Outliving one's peers can be a lonely experience.

Conditional + outlive.

Should the idea outlive the man, it will change the world.

어휘 가족

명사

동사

형용사

사용법

frequency

Common in specific contexts like history and news.

자주 하는 실수

He outlived than his wife. → He outlived his wife.
Outlive is a transitive verb and does not take 'than'.
The battery outlived. → The battery outlived its warranty.
Outlive needs an object to compare against.
She was outlived her husband. → She outlived her husband.
Don't use 'was' unless you are using the passive 'outlived by'.
He outlived the car crash. → He survived the car crash.
Use 'survive' for events and 'outlive' for lifespans.
His welcome was outlived. → He outlived his welcome.
The idiom is usually used in the active voice with the person as the subject.

팁

Direct Object

Always follow 'outlive' with a direct object. Don't say 'He outlived' without saying who or what.

Personification

Use 'outlive' for objects to make your writing more vivid and give the object a 'life' of its own.

Obituary Language

Learn 'is outlived by' as a set phrase for formal writing about death.

Outlive vs Outlast

Use 'outlive' for things that grow and 'outlast' for things that are manufactured.

Usefulness

The phrase 'outlived its usefulness' is perfect for describing old technology or outdated laws.

Welcome

Use 'outlive my welcome' to politely suggest it is time for you to leave.

History

In history essays, use 'outlive' to compare the duration of empires or dynasties.

Longevity

When talking about health, use 'outlive' to compare your expected lifespan to others.

Time Difference

Always use 'by' when adding the number of years: 'outlived by 5 years'.

Stress

Remember the stress is on the 'LIVE', not the 'OUT'.

암기하기

기억법

Think: 'OUT' (more) + 'LIVE'. If you are OUT, you are outside the time limit of the other person.

시각적 연상

Imagine a timeline where one line (Person A) stops, and the other line (Person B) keeps going. Person B outlives Person A.

Word Web

longevity survival duration legacy time comparison endurance age

챌린지

Write three sentences: one about a family member, one about a piece of technology, and one about a famous person using 'outlive'.

어원

The word 'outlive' comes from the Middle English 'outlyven'. It is a combination of the prefix 'out-', meaning to surpass or exceed, and the verb 'live'.

원래 의미: To live longer than another.

Germanic (English)

문화적 맥락

Be careful when using 'outlive' regarding deceased children; it is a sensitive topic.

Commonly used in formal obituaries ('is outlived by').

'Outlive' by Peter Attia (Health book) Shakespeare's Sonnet 55 ('...shall outlive this powerful rhyme') The concept of the 'Last Man Standing'

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

Family History

outlived his siblings
outlived her husband
is outlived by
outlived the generation

Technology

outlived its usefulness
outlived the warranty
outlived the competition
outlived the software

Health/Longevity

outlive the average
outlive expectations
outlive genetic markers
outlive the disease

Social Situations

outlive your welcome
outlive the scandal
outlive the fame
outlive the trend

History/Nature

outlived the empire
outlived the forest
outlived the era
outlived the ruins

대화 시작하기

"Do you have any family members who outlived everyone else in their generation?"

"Do you think physical books will outlive digital e-readers?"

"Have you ever felt like you outlived your welcome at a party?"

"What is one piece of technology you own that has outlived its usefulness?"

"If you could outlive the next century, would you want to see the future?"

일기 주제

Reflect on a tradition in your family that has outlived several generations. Why does it endure?

Write about a time you realized a habit or object had outlived its usefulness in your life.

If your legacy could outlive you, what would you want people to remember most?

Discuss the environmental impact of materials that outlive the humans who use them.

Imagine outliving all your current technology. What would you miss the most?

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

No, 'outlive' is a transitive verb. You should say 'He outlived his brother,' not 'outlived than his brother.' The comparison is built into the word.

While primarily for people and animals, it is very common to use it metaphorically for ideas, laws, and objects, especially in the phrase 'outlive its usefulness.'

The passive form is 'to be outlived by.' It is frequently used in obituaries to list the survivors of the deceased person.

Survive often implies living through a crisis or event (e.g., surviving a storm). Outlive implies a comparison of total lifespan (e.g., living 90 years while someone else lived 80).

Yes, but 'outlast' is more common for inanimate objects. Using 'outlive' for a battery gives it a bit of personification.

It means you have stayed at a place or with people for so long that they are now tired of you and want you to leave.

Yes, it is a standard English word, particularly common in history, biography, and news reporting.

Usually none, but if you are specifying the time difference, use 'by' (e.g., 'outlived him by ten years').

Yes, this is a very common metaphorical use. For example, 'Einstein's theories have outlived him.'

Yes, it is considered a B1 level word because it is a common extension of the basic verb 'live' and is useful for describing life events.