When we talk about "rugir", we are talking about making a very particular kind of sound. Think about a lion's roar—that's exactly the sound "rugir" describes. It's a deep, powerful, and often intimidating sound. This verb isn't just for animals, though! You can also use "rugir" to describe the sound of thunder in a storm or even a very loud engine. It helps to imagine a forceful, rumbling noise when you hear "rugir."
When we talk about the verb "rugir," you might immediately think of a lion's roar, and you'd be right! That's a perfect example of its primary meaning: to make a deep, powerful, and often guttural sound. However, its usage extends beyond just animals. You can use "rugir" to describe the sound of thunder, the roar of an engine, or even the rumbling of a crowd. It implies a strong, vibrating sound that resonates. Think of anything that makes a loud, impactful, and somewhat primal noise, and "rugir" is likely the verb you're looking for.
When discussing the verb "rugir" at a C2 level, we move beyond its literal definition to explore its more nuanced and figurative uses. While it primarily means 'to roar' (like a lion or thunder), it can also be used metaphorically to describe a loud, deep, and often sustained sound made by inanimate objects or even abstract concepts. For example, a crowd might "rugir" with approval or disapproval, or an engine might "rugir" as it starts.
Furthermore, "rugir" can imply a sense of power, intensity, or even a threatening presence. Think of the "rugir" of a storm or the "rugir" of a cannon. It's not just about the sound itself, but also the impact and implication of that sound. Mastering these figurative uses allows for a much richer and more expressive understanding and application of the word in advanced Spanish communication.
rugir 30초 만에
- Rumbling sound
- Like a lion's roar
- Deep and resonant
§ Understanding "Rugir"
Alright, let's get straight to it. You know that rugir means 'to roar.' It's a strong verb, and it paints a clear picture. Think about the sound a lion makes, or a loud clap of thunder. That's rugir.
- DEFINITION
- To make a deep, resonant sound, like thunder or a lion.
It's generally used when something makes a very deep, loud, and sometimes intimidating sound. It's not for a dog's bark or a bird's chirp. It's for something with more power behind it.
§ Basic Conjugation of "Rugir"
First, let's look at how to conjugate rugir in the present tense. It's a regular -ir verb, so no weird surprises here. This is important for using it correctly.
- Yo rugo - I roar
- Tú ruges - You (informal singular) roar
- Él/Ella/Usted ruge - He/She/You (formal singular) roars
- Nosotros/Nosotras rugimos - We roar
- Vosotros/Vosotras rugís - You (informal plural, used in Spain) roar
- Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes rugen - They/You (formal plural) roar
§ "Rugir" with Animals
This is the most common and literal use of rugir. Think of big cats or other animals that make a deep, powerful sound.
El león ruge muy fuerte en la selva.
(The lion roars very loudly in the jungle.)
¿Escuchaste al tigre rugir anoche?
(Did you hear the tiger roar last night?)
§ "Rugir" for Inanimate Objects or Nature
You can also use rugir when describing powerful, deep sounds made by things that aren't animals. Think natural phenomena or machines.
El trueno rugió en la distancia, anunciando la tormenta.
(The thunder roared in the distance, announcing the storm.)
El motor del coche rugió antes de arrancar.
(The car's engine roared before starting.)
- GRAMMAR NOTE
- In these examples, rugió is the preterite (past tense) form of rugir. It describes a completed action in the past. Just like in English, 'roared' is a past tense form of 'to roar'.
§ "Rugir" in Figurative Language
Sometimes, rugir is used metaphorically to describe a very loud, powerful, or angry sound, even if it's not a literal roar. Think about a crowd, a storm, or even an angry person.
La multitud rugía de emoción cuando el equipo marcó un gol.
(The crowd roared with excitement when the team scored a goal.)
El viento rugía con furia durante la tormenta.
(The wind roared with fury during the storm.)
§ Common Phrases and Usage
Rugir doesn't usually come with specific prepositions that change its meaning drastically. It's often used directly with the subject making the sound, or with adverbs describing *how* it roars.
- Rugir de dolor/rabia/alegría: To roar with pain/rage/joy. This shows the emotion behind the roar.
El guerrero rugió de rabia.
(The warrior roared with rage.)
So, there you have it. Rugir is a powerful verb for powerful sounds. Keep practicing these examples, and you'll be using it like a native in no time.
재미있는 사실
The word 'rugir' has remained remarkably consistent in its meaning from Latin to modern Spanish, highlighting the enduring nature of basic onomatopoeic sounds across languages.
수준별 예문
El león va a rugir muy fuerte.
The lion is going to roar very loudly.
Future tense, 'ir a + infinitivo' (to be going to + infinitive).
Oí al trueno rugir en la tormenta.
I heard the thunder roar in the storm.
Preterite tense of 'oír' (to hear).
El motor viejo suele rugir al encender.
The old engine usually roars when starting.
Present tense, 'suele' (it tends to).
La multitud empezó a rugir de emoción.
The crowd began to roar with excitement.
Preterite tense, 'empezar a + infinitivo' (to begin to + infinitive).
No me gusta cuando el viento ruge así.
I don't like when the wind roars like that.
Present tense, negation with 'no'.
El público rugió cuando marcó un gol.
The audience roared when he scored a goal.
Preterite tense, referring to a completed action.
Puedes escuchar el mar rugir desde aquí.
You can hear the sea roar from here.
Present tense, 'poder' (to be able to).
Mi estómago va a rugir si no como pronto.
My stomach is going to roar if I don't eat soon.
Future tense, conditional clause with 'si' (if).
El león comenzó a rugir furiosamente al ver a su presa, llenando la sabana con su potente voz.
The lion began to roar furiously upon seeing its prey, filling the savanna with its powerful voice.
rugir is an -ir verb. Here it is used in the preterite tense.
La tormenta eléctrica hizo que el cielo rugiera con truenos, asustando a los niños pequeños en la casa.
The electrical storm made the sky roar with thunder, scaring the small children in the house.
hacer que + subjunctive is used here. rugir is in the imperfect subjunctive form.
Se podía escuchar el motor del coche rugir mientras aceleraba por la carretera, dejando atrás a los demás vehículos.
You could hear the car's engine roar as it sped down the road, leaving other vehicles behind.
Se podía escuchar indicates 'it could be heard.' rugir is the infinitive.
Cuando la multitud empezó a rugir en el estadio, supimos que nuestro equipo había marcado un gol decisivo.
When the crowd began to roar in the stadium, we knew our team had scored a decisive goal.
empezar a + infinitive means 'to begin to do something.' rugir is the infinitive.
El viento hacía rugir las ventanas de la vieja casa durante la noche, creando una atmósfera espeluznante.
The wind made the windows of the old house roar during the night, creating a spooky atmosphere.
hacer + infinitive means 'to make something do something.' rugir is the infinitive.
El público no dejó de rugir de emoción cuando la banda subió al escenario para su primera canción.
The audience didn't stop roaring with excitement when the band went on stage for their first song.
dejar de + infinitive means 'to stop doing something.' rugir is the infinitive.
Después de la victoria, los aficionados salieron a la calle a rugir de alegría, celebrando hasta altas horas de la madrugada.
After the victory, the fans went out into the street to roar with joy, celebrating until the early hours of the morning.
a + infinitive often indicates purpose or manner. rugir is the infinitive.
El volcán inactivo comenzó a rugir de nuevo, una señal de que podría entrar en erupción en cualquier momento.
The inactive volcano began to roar again, a sign that it could erupt at any moment.
comenzar a + infinitive means 'to begin to do something.' rugir is the infinitive.
자주 혼동되는 단어
This is a classic example of 'rugir' as it directly describes a lion's roar.
'Rugir' can also describe the rumbling, deep sound of thunder.
Figuratively, 'rugir' can be used for the powerful, deep sound of an engine.
혼동하기 쉬운
'Gruñir' is often confused with 'rugir' because both refer to animal sounds, but they describe different types of sounds and animals.
'Gruñir' means to growl, typically a low, guttural sound made by animals like dogs or pigs, often indicating displeasure or warning. 'Rugir' is a much louder, deeper roar, usually associated with large predators like lions or thunder.
El perro empezó a gruñir cuando se acercó un extraño. (The dog started to growl when a stranger approached.)
Like 'rugir', 'bramar' refers to a loud, deep sound, leading to confusion. However, their primary contexts differ.
'Bramar' specifically refers to the bellowing sound made by cattle, especially bulls, or the roar of waves. While 'rugir' can be used for natural phenomena like thunder, 'bramar' emphasizes the sound of large animals or natural forces.
El toro bramó furiosamente en el campo. (The bull bellowed furiously in the field.)
'Aullar' is another animal sound verb, but it describes a distinct type of vocalization from 'rugir'.
'Aullar' means to howl, a long, mournful cry typically made by wolves or dogs. 'Rugir' is a short, powerful roar.
El lobo aulló a la luna llena. (The wolf howled at the full moon.)
Many learners, especially those new to Spanish animal sounds, might broadly associate 'ladrar' with any loud animal noise, including a roar.
'Ladrar' specifically means to bark, the characteristic sound of a dog. 'Rugir' is a much more powerful and deeper sound, not typically made by dogs.
Mi perro empezó a ladrar cuando escuchó un ruido. (My dog started to bark when he heard a noise.)
While quite different in sound, 'ronronear' can be confusing for learners who are just trying to categorize animal sounds. It's a common sound made by another large cat.
'Ronronear' means to purr, a soft, vibrating sound made by cats when content. 'Rugir' is the exact opposite – a loud, aggressive sound.
El gato ronroneaba mientras lo acariciaba. (The cat purred while I petted it.)
사용법
When talking about an animal making a loud, guttural sound, use rugir. For instance, 'El león ruge.' (The lion roars.) You can also use it for inanimate objects making a similar sound, like 'El trueno ruge.' (The thunder roars.) It implies a powerful, deep sound.
A common mistake is using gritar (to shout/scream) when rugir is more appropriate for animal sounds. While a person can 'gritar,' an animal typically 'ruge.' Another error is using it for general loud noises that aren't deep or resonant. For a car engine, you might use 'hacer ruido' (to make noise) or 'sonar' (to sound), unless the engine is making a particularly deep, powerful roar.
팁
Basic Meaning of 'rugir'
Think of 'rugir' as making a deep, loud sound. It's often associated with animals like lions or natural phenomena like thunder.
Common Use Cases
You'll most frequently hear 'rugir' when talking about animals (El león ruge - The lion roars) or loud, powerful sounds (El trueno rugió - The thunder roared).
Conjugation Reminder
'Rugir' is a regular -ir verb in most tenses. Practice conjugating it in the present tense: yo rujo, tú ruges, él ruge, nosotros rugimos, vosotros rugís, ellos rugen.
Beyond Animals and Thunder
Sometimes 'rugir' can describe the sound of an engine (El motor rugió - The engine roared) or even a crowd (La multitud rugió - The crowd roared).
Listen for 'rugir'
Actively listen for 'rugir' in Spanish songs, movies, and podcasts. Pay attention to the context to see how it's used naturally.
Practice with Examples
Create your own sentences. For instance: El viento ruge en la montaña (The wind roars in the mountain). El volcán rugió antes de la erupción (The volcano roared before the eruption).
Associate with Imagery
When you think of 'rugir', picture a majestic lion roaring or a dramatic thunderstorm. This visual association helps with recall.
Difference from 'gritar'
Don't confuse 'rugir' with 'gritar' (to shout or scream). 'Gritar' is usually a human sound, while 'rugir' is deeper and more powerful, often non-human.
Use it in Conversation
Try to incorporate 'rugir' into your Spanish conversations. Even if it feels a little forced at first, practicing helps solidify your understanding.
Look for Synonyms (Advanced)
For advanced learners, explore synonyms like 'bramar' (to bellow, often for cattle) or 'tronar' (to thunder). Note the subtle differences in usage.
암기하기
기억법
Imagine a **rug** with a tiger on it, and the tiger lets out a mighty **roar** (rugir).
시각적 연상
Picture a lion. Its mouth opens wide, and you can almost feel the powerful vibration as it 'rugir' – roars.
Word Web
챌린지
Describe a time you heard a loud, rumbling sound. For example, 'Ayer, el trueno rugió en la distancia.' (Yesterday, the thunder roared in the distance.) Or, 'El león rugió en la jaula.' (The lion roared in its cage.)
어원
Latin 'rugire'
원래 의미: to roar
Indo-European (Italic branch)문화적 맥락
<p>While 'rugir' literally means 'to roar', in Spanish-speaking cultures, it's often used metaphorically. For example, a stomach can 'rugir' (rumble) when hungry, or an engine can 'rugir' loudly. It's a vivid verb that adds a lot of character to descriptions.</p>
자주 묻는 질문
10 질문Rugir means to make a deep, resonant sound, like a roar. Think of a lion roaring or thunder rumbling.
Not just animals! While it's common for animals (like lions or tigers) to rugir, you can also use it for things like strong winds, thunder, or even engines that are making a loud, deep noise. For example, El viento rugía en la montaña (The wind roared in the mountain).
You can, but it's usually used metaphorically to describe someone yelling very loudly or angrily, like a roar. For instance, El jefe rugió de rabia (The boss roared with rage).
Gritar means to shout or yell, and it can be any kind of loud sound from a person. Rugir implies a deeper, more resonant sound, often associated with anger, power, or a natural force. Think of the quality of the sound.
Rugir is a regular -ir verb, but it has a 'g' that changes to 'j' before 'a' or 'o' in some conjugations to maintain the sound. For example, in the present tense: yo rujo (I roar), tú ruges (you roar), él/ella ruge (he/she roars), nosotros rugimos (we roar), vosotros rugís (you all roar), ellos/ellas rugen (they roar).
Sure! La tormenta rugía toda la noche (The storm roared all night). This means the storm was making very loud, deep noises, like thunder and strong winds.
A common use is el rugido del león (the roar of the lion). Another one could be el rugido del motor (the roar of the engine).
Yes, it conveys a sense of power and intensity due to the deep, loud sound it describes. It's not a quiet or gentle sound at all.
You could say La multitud rugió. This implies a very loud, deep, and perhaps even somewhat wild sound from the crowd, like a collective roar of excitement or anger.
Absolutely! As mentioned before, you can use it for things like engines, storms, or even machinery that makes a deep, rumbling noise. For instance, El viejo camión rugía al arrancar (The old truck roared when starting).
셀프 테스트 60 질문
El león va a ___.
The lion makes a roaring sound.
Cuando hay una tormenta, el trueno puede ___.
Thunder makes a deep, rumbling sound, which is 'rugir'.
Escuché al tigre ___ en la selva.
Tigers roar, just like lions.
El viento fuerte hace ___ a los árboles.
Strong wind can make a deep, powerful sound, which is 'rugir'.
La multitud empezó a ___ cuando el equipo ganó.
A crowd can 'roar' with excitement or approval.
Por la noche, el oso puede ___ en el bosque.
Bears can make a deep, rumbling sound, which is 'rugir'.
Choose the best translation for 'El león va a rugir'.
'Rugir' means to make a deep, resonant sound, like a roar.
Which animal is most likely to 'rugir'?
Lions are known for their loud roars.
What kind of sound does 'rugir' describe?
'Rugir' means a deep, resonant sound.
A small mouse can 'rugir'.
Mice make squeaking sounds, not deep roars.
When there is thunder, the sky can 'rugir'.
Thunder makes a deep, resonant sound similar to a roar.
A baby often 'ruge' when it's happy.
Babies typically gurgle or laugh when happy, not roar.
The lion is going to roar very loudly.
We hear the tiger roar in the jungle.
I like to hear the wind roar in the mountains.
Read this aloud:
El motor del coche empezó a rugir.
Focus: ru-gir
당신의 답변:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
¿Escuchas rugir al perro?
Focus: ru-gir
당신의 답변:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
La tormenta hace rugir el cielo.
Focus: ru-gir
당신의 답변:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
El león empezó a ___ fuertemente en la jungla.
The sentence describes a lion's sound in the jungle, and 'rugir' means 'to roar' or 'to make a deep, resonant sound,' which is appropriate for a lion.
Durante la tormenta, se podía escuchar el ___ del trueno a lo lejos.
The context is a storm and the sound of thunder. 'Rugir' is used to describe the deep sound of thunder, making it the correct choice.
Cuando el coche no arrancó, el motor solo pudo ___ y luego se apagó.
A struggling engine can make a deep, resonant sound before failing, which is well described by 'rugir'.
La multitud comenzó a ___ de emoción cuando su equipo marcó un gol.
In this context, 'rugir' can be used metaphorically to describe a loud, enthusiastic cheer from a crowd, similar to a roar.
El viejo perro, al ver al cartero, solo pudo ___ débilmente.
Dogs can 'roar' or growl, even if weakly, especially when reacting to someone like a mailman. 'Rugir' fits this description.
Después de tanto silencio, el volcán empezó a ___ antes de la erupción.
Volcanoes often make deep, rumbling sounds before erupting, which is a perfect fit for the verb 'rugir'.
Pay attention to the sound the lion makes.
Listen for what the thunder is doing.
What sound is the crowd making?
Read this aloud:
El motor viejo ruge al encenderse.
Focus: ruge
당신의 답변:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
Después de tanto tiempo sin comer, su estómago comenzó a rugir.
Focus: rugir
당신의 답변:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
El mar rugía con fuerza contra los acantilados.
Focus: rugía
당신의 답변:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
This sentence describes a lion roaring loudly. 'El león' (The lion) is the subject, 'comenzó' (began) is the verb, and 'a rugir fuerte' (to roar loudly) is the infinitive phrase describing the action.
This sentence translates to 'The storm made the winds roar.' 'La tormenta' (The storm) is the subject, 'hizo' (made) is the verb, and 'rugir los vientos' (the winds roar) is the direct object and infinitive.
This sentence means 'We could hear the roar of the engine.' 'Pudimos escuchar' (We could hear) is the verb phrase, and 'el rugido del motor' (the roar of the engine) is the direct object.
This sentence describes a crowd making a deep, resonant sound due to excitement.
This sentence uses 'rugir' to describe the thunder's deep sound echoing through the mountains.
This sentence directly translates to 'The lion could be heard roaring in the distance,' which is a classic use of 'rugir'.
The lion's roar could be heard for kilometers.
The engine roared before the car shot off.
The crowd roared with joy when their team scored a goal.
Read this aloud:
El viento rugía en la chimenea, prometiendo una noche fría.
Focus: ru-gí-a
당신의 답변:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
El mar rugía con olas gigantes que golpeaban la costa.
Focus: ru-gí-a
당신의 답변:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
Después de la pelea, el boxeador rugió de frustración.
Focus: ru-gió
당신의 답변:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Describe a moment when you heard a sound so powerful it seemed to shake the ground. Use 'rugir' to convey the intensity of that sound.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
Recuerdo una tormenta eléctrica en la montaña; los truenos parecían rugir desde el cielo, haciendo vibrar cada ventana de la cabaña. Era un sonido tan primordial que sentí su resonancia en mi pecho, un verdadero rugido de la naturaleza que me dejó sin aliento.
Imagine a fictional creature. Describe its 'rugido' (roar) and what emotions or effects it elicits in those who hear it. Focus on vivid sensory details.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
El Grifo de la Cima Negra poseía un rugido que no era solo sonido, sino una onda de choque. Cuando rugía, el aire se helaba y las hojas de los árboles se caían. Quienes lo escuchaban sentían un miedo visceral, como si el alma misma les rugiera en advertencia.
Write a short paragraph about a political speech or a passionate protest where the speaker's voice or the crowd's chant was so powerful it could be described as 'rugiendo'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
El líder de la protesta subió al estrado, y su voz, amplificada por los altavoces, comenzó a rugir sobre la multitud. No era solo hablar, era una expresión cruda de frustración y esperanza que hizo que el clamor de la gente le respondiera con un rugido aún más fuerte, un sonido unificado de determinación.
¿Qué efecto tuvo el rugido del león en los otros animales de la sabana?
Read this passage:
El viejo león se irguió en la roca más alta de la sabana, su melena agitándose con el viento de la tarde. Abrió su inmensa boca y dejó escapar un rugido que viajó kilómetros a la redonda, anunciando su presencia y su dominio sobre el territorio. Los otros animales se detuvieron, una mezcla de respeto y temor en sus miradas.
¿Qué efecto tuvo el rugido del león en los otros animales de la sabana?
El pasaje indica claramente que los animales mostraron 'una mezcla de respeto y temor en sus miradas' tras escuchar el rugido.
El pasaje indica claramente que los animales mostraron 'una mezcla de respeto y temor en sus miradas' tras escuchar el rugido.
¿Qué inferencia pueden hacer los pasajeros sobre el sonido del motor?
Read this passage:
A medida que el avión descendía para aterrizar, el motor empezó a rugir con una intensidad inusual. Los pasajeros se miraron con preocupación, intentando descifrar si el sonido era normal o si indicaba algún problema técnico. La tripulación, sin embargo, mantuvo la calma, asegurando que todo estaba bajo control.
¿Qué inferencia pueden hacer los pasajeros sobre el sonido del motor?
El texto menciona 'una intensidad inusual' y 'se miraron con preocupación, intentando descifrar si el sonido era normal o si indicaba algún problema técnico', lo que lleva a la inferencia de que lo veían como potencialmente problemático.
El texto menciona 'una intensidad inusual' y 'se miraron con preocupación, intentando descifrar si el sonido era normal o si indicaba algún problema técnico', lo que lleva a la inferencia de que lo veían como potencialmente problemático.
¿Qué emoción principal expresaba la multitud al 'rugir'?
Read this passage:
La multitud empezó a rugir con desaprobación cuando el árbitro señaló una falta controvertida en los últimos minutos del partido. El sonido era un clamor colectivo de frustración y enojo, un verdadero estruendo que llenó el estadio y casi ahogó el silbato final. Era evidente que no estaban de acuerdo con la decisión.
¿Qué emoción principal expresaba la multitud al 'rugir'?
El pasaje describe el rugido como 'un clamor colectivo de frustración y enojo' y que 'no estaban de acuerdo con la decisión'.
El pasaje describe el rugido como 'un clamor colectivo de frustración y enojo' y que 'no estaban de acuerdo con la decisión'.
This sentence describes the powerful sound of the ocean waves crashing against cliffs, using 'rugir' to emphasize the intensity.
Here, 'rugir' is used to convey the fierce, roaring sound of the wind during an approaching storm.
This sentence aptly uses 'rugir' to characterize the powerful, almost musical roar of an old sports car's engine.
/ 60 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
Rugir is a verb used to describe making a loud, deep sound, often like a roar.
- Rumbling sound
- Like a lion's roar
- Deep and resonant
Basic Meaning of 'rugir'
Think of 'rugir' as making a deep, loud sound. It's often associated with animals like lions or natural phenomena like thunder.
Common Use Cases
You'll most frequently hear 'rugir' when talking about animals (El león ruge - The lion roars) or loud, powerful sounds (El trueno rugió - The thunder roared).
Conjugation Reminder
'Rugir' is a regular -ir verb in most tenses. Practice conjugating it in the present tense: yo rujo, tú ruges, él ruge, nosotros rugimos, vosotros rugís, ellos rugen.
Beyond Animals and Thunder
Sometimes 'rugir' can describe the sound of an engine (El motor rugió - The engine roared) or even a crowd (La multitud rugió - The crowd roared).
예시
El león rugió en medio de la noche.
관련 콘텐츠
이 단어를 다른 언어로
weather 관련 단어
abrigar
A2To provide warmth or shelter to someone or something.
abrigarse
A2To dress warmly to protect oneself from the cold.
absorber
B1To absorb; to take in or soak up.
afectar
A2To affect; to produce an effect on someone or something.
anemómetro
B1An instrument for measuring the speed of the wind.
anochecer
A2To become night; to get dark.
anticiclón
B1A high-pressure system, usually associated with clear, calm weather.
apacible
B1Mild/Calm; pleasant and not extreme or harsh.
bajo cero
A2Referring to temperatures below 0 degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit.
barómetro
B1An instrument measuring atmospheric pressure, used in forecasting weather.
