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B1 noun #6,500 가장 일반적인 8분 분량

اعتراف

eteraf 상위 6,500

연습하기 예시 노트와 팁 اعتراف 30초 만에

설명 اعتراف in your Level:

At the A1 level, we focus on the most basic meaning of 'Et'eraf' as 'saying you did something wrong.' Even though it's a B1 word, you can understand it as a simple action. Imagine you ate a cookie you weren't supposed to. When you tell your mom, 'Yes, I ate it,' that is an 'Et'eraf.' In Persian, we say 'Et'eraf kardan.' It is like saying 'I'm sorry, I did it.' You don't need to know the complex legal rules yet. Just think of it as 'telling a secret' or 'telling the truth' about a mistake. We use the word with 'be' (to). For example: 'I confess to the mistake.' In Persian: 'Be eshtebah et'eraf mikonam.' This level is about recognizing the word when you hear it in stories or simple conversations about being honest.

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At the A2 level, you start to use 'Et'eraf' in slightly more complex sentences. You might use it to talk about school or friends. For example, 'The student confessed that he didn't study.' Here, 'Et'eraf' is used to show honesty. You should learn the past tense: 'Et'eraf kard' (He confessed). You will also see it in simple stories where a character admits a small secret. It is important at this level to distinguish it from 'praise' (Ta'rif). Remember, 'Et'eraf' is usually about something difficult or a mistake. You can also use it to express a feeling, like 'I confess I like this book.' It adds a bit of personality to your speaking. You are moving from just knowing the word to using it to describe people's actions in daily life.

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At the B1 level, you should understand the full range of 'Et'eraf.' This is the level where the word is most commonly introduced. You should be able to use it in legal contexts (like a police report), emotional contexts (confessing love), and social contexts (admitting a professional error). You will learn that it's a 'compound verb' (Et'eraf + Kardan). You should also be able to use the noun form on its own, like 'His confession was important.' At B1, you start to see the word in news articles and TV shows. You should understand the prepositional structure 'be... et'eraf kardan' perfectly. You also begin to learn that this word is more serious than just 'saying' (goftan). It implies that the information was hidden or is significant. You can now use it to discuss movies or books where a confession is a key part of the plot.

At the B2 level, you explore the nuances of 'Et'eraf.' You learn how it differs from 'Eqrar' (formal admission) and 'Ezan' (acknowledgment). You will encounter the word in more sophisticated media, such as political analysis or psychological discussions. You should be comfortable with the plural form 'Et'erafat' and how it is used in book titles or investigative journalism. You will also learn idiomatic uses, like using confession to create a sense of intimacy in writing. At this level, you should be able to debate the ethics of 'forced confessions' (Et'eraf-e ejbari) and understand the cultural sensitivities surrounding the word in Iranian history. Your vocabulary becomes more precise, allowing you to choose 'Et'eraf' when you want to emphasize the personal or moral aspect of an admission.

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At the C1 level, 'Et'eraf' is used in literary and philosophical contexts. You will read classical and modern Persian literature where 'Et'eraf' is a theme—the soul's admission of its state. You should understand how the word functions in complex grammatical structures, such as within relative clauses or as part of long, formal sentences in academic papers. You will study the etymology of the root 'ʿ-r-f' and how it connects 'Et'eraf' to 'Ma'rifat' (gnosis/knowledge). You can analyze the rhetorical use of confession in political speeches to gain public sympathy. You should also be able to use the word in high-level creative writing, using it to build tension or reveal character depth. Your understanding of the word is now deeply tied to the cultural and historical fabric of the Persian-speaking world.

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At the C2 level, you possess a native-like grasp of 'Et'eraf.' You can detect subtle ironies when the word is used sarcastically or in sophisticated wordplay. You understand its role in the 'Confessional' genre of literature (Adabiyat-e Et'erafi) and can compare Persian confessional works with Western traditions like those of St. Augustine or Rousseau. You are aware of the legal minutiae regarding 'Et'eraf' in the Iranian civil and penal codes. You can use the word in any register, from the most archaic poetic form to the latest slang. You can lead discussions on the psychological impact of public confessions in the digital age. For you, 'Et'eraf' is not just a vocabulary word; it is a conceptual tool used to navigate complex social, legal, and spiritual realities in the Persian language.

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연습하기 예시 노트와 팁

اعتراف 30초 만에

Et'eraf is the Persian word for confession, used for admitting crimes, mistakes, or even secrets like love.
It is a noun that usually combines with 'kardan' to form the verb 'to confess' (اعتراف کردن).
The word requires the preposition 'be' before the thing being confessed, such as 'confessing to a crime'.
While common in legal settings, it's also used in everyday speech to add honesty and weight to a statement.

The Persian word اعتراف (Et'eraf) is a profound and multi-layered noun that translates most directly to 'confession' in English. Rooted in the Arabic triliteral root ʿ-r-f (meaning to know or recognize), it specifically utilizes the Form VIII verbal noun pattern, which implies a sense of making something known to oneself or to others—essentially, a self-recognition that is shared outwardly. In the Persian linguistic landscape, Et'eraf is not merely a legal term; it carries significant psychological, social, and spiritual weight. It is the act of bringing a hidden truth, often a regrettable or difficult one, into the light of day. This can range from a child admitting they broke a vase to a criminal providing a formal statement to the police, or even a lover admitting their long-held feelings. The beauty of this word lies in its versatility across different registers of speech, from the highly formal judicial environment to the most intimate and informal conversations between friends.

Legal Context: In a court of law, اعتراف refers to a formal admission of guilt. It is the definitive evidence that can change the course of a trial. Legal professionals often distinguish between a voluntary confession and one obtained through pressure.
Emotional Context: Socially, اعتراف عشقی (confession of love) is a common phrase. It represents the vulnerability of expressing one's internal reality to another person, risking rejection for the sake of truth.

او در نهایت به اشتباه خود اعتراف کرد.
(He finally confessed to his mistake.)

Historically, the concept of Et'eraf in Persian literature often leans toward the philosophical. It is seen as a stage of self-awareness. When a poet 'confesses' their shortcomings, they are actually demonstrating a high level of spiritual maturity. In modern Iranian society, the word is frequently heard in news reports regarding high-profile cases, but it is equally ubiquitous in television dramas where a character's confession provides the central climax of the narrative. Understanding Et'eraf requires one to understand the value placed on 'Aberoo' (face/honor) in Persian culture. To confess is often to risk one's honor, making the act of Et'eraf a significant moral event. It is not just about the information shared; it is about the bravery required to share it.

دزد به سرقت اعتراف کرد.
(The thief confessed to the theft.)

Using اعتراف correctly involves understanding its grammatical role as a noun that frequently transforms into a compound verb. The most common structure is [Subject] + [Preposition 'به'] + [Object of Confession] + [اعتراف کردن]. This structure is robust and works across all levels of formality. However, as you advance in Persian, you will notice that the word can also be used as a simple noun in possessive constructions (Ezafe), such as اعترافِ او (his confession) or اعترافاتِ تکان‌دهنده (shocking confessions).

Formal Usage: در دادگاه، متهم به تمامی جرایم خود اعتراف نمود. (In court, the accused confessed to all his crimes.) Note the use of 'namud' instead of 'kard' for higher formality.
Colloquial Usage: باید اعتراف کنم که خیلی ترسیده بودم. (I have to confess that I was very scared.) Here, it's used to add emphasis or honesty to a personal statement.

او با اعتراف به گناهش، سبک شد.
(By confessing to his sin/mistake, he felt unburdened.)

In academic or journalistic Persian, Et'eraf is often paired with adjectives like صریح (explicit), اجباری (forced), or تلخ (bitter). For instance, 'اعتراف تلخ' is a common journalistic trope used when a public figure admits to a failure or a disappointing reality. It's also important to note the plural form اعترافات (Et'erafat), which is frequently used to describe a series of admissions, such as in the title of memoirs or investigative reports. For example, 'اعترافات یک نویسنده' (Confessions of a Writer). This plural form is borrowed from Arabic but is standard in Persian.

آیا این یک اعتراف است یا یک تهدید؟
(Is this a confession or a threat?)

If you are watching Iranian cinema, particularly the 'social realism' genre made famous by directors like Asghar Farhadi, you will hear Et'eraf constantly. These films often revolve around hidden secrets and the tension leading up to a moment of confession. For example, in a tense domestic scene, one character might demand: "فقط اعتراف کن!" (Just confess!). In this context, the word carries the weight of moral accountability. Beyond the screen, the word is a staple of Persian news broadcasts. When a political figure or a criminal suspect makes a statement, the news anchor will often lead with "وی اعتراف کرد که..." (He/She confessed that...).

News & Media: Headline: اعترافات تکان‌دهنده عامل جنایت (The shocking confessions of the perpetrator of the crime). This is a very common tabloid-style headline.
Psychology & Therapy: Therapists might use the term to describe the process of a patient finally admitting a repressed feeling or memory to themselves.

In religious contexts, while Islam does not have the same 'confessional box' tradition as Catholicism, the concept of Et'eraf be gonah (confessing sins) to God is a recurring theme in prayers and supplications (Doa). You will find it in the famous 'Dua Kumayl,' where the supplicant admits their flaws to the Creator. Furthermore, in the workplace, you might hear a colleague say, "راستش باید اعتراف کنم که پروژه را تمام نکرده‌ام" (To be honest, I have to confess that I haven't finished the project). Here, it serves as a polite way to introduce bad news or admit a failure, softening the blow by demonstrating honesty.

در پایان فیلم، قهرمان داستان به تمام دروغ‌هایش اعتراف می‌کند.
(At the end of the movie, the protagonist confesses to all his lies.)

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make when learning Et'eraf is confusing it with other words derived from the same ʿ-r-f root. Because this root is so productive in Persian, it's easy to mix up Et'eraf (confession) with Ta'rif (definition or praise) or Mo'arrefi (introduction). While they all relate to 'knowing' or 'making known,' their applications are vastly different. Saying "من او را اعتراف کردم" instead of "من او را معرفی کردم" would mean "I confessed him" instead of "I introduced him," which would be nonsensical in most contexts.

Confused with 'Ta'rif': Incorrect: از او اعتراف کردم. (I confessed from him.)
Correct: از او تعریف کردم. (I praised him.)
Preposition Errors: Incorrect: به او اعتراف کردم که پول را برداشتم. (Correct if confessing TO him, but if you mean confessing THE act, you need the 'be' before the act.)

Another common error is the misuse of the preposition. In Persian, you confess TO something or someone using 'be'. If you forget the 'be', the sentence often feels incomplete or grammatically 'naked.' For example, "او گناه اعتراف کرد" is incorrect; it must be "او به گناه اعتراف کرد". Learners also sometimes struggle with the formality of the word. While Et'eraf is perfectly fine for admitting you ate the last cookie, using it too often for very trivial things can make you sound overly dramatic. For minor mistakes, words like 'ghabul kardan' (to accept/admit) might be more natural.

اشتباه متداول: من اعتراف کردم که او را می‌شناسم.
(Common Mistake: Using confession when you simply mean 'acknowledging' or 'admitting' a simple fact.)

Persian is a language rich in synonyms, and Et'eraf is no exception. Depending on the context—legal, religious, or casual—you might choose a different word to convey the idea of admitting something. The most prominent alternative is اقرار (Eqrar). While Et'eraf and Eqrar are often used interchangeably, Eqrar is more heavily associated with the legal system. In a court document, you are more likely to see Eqrar. Another synonym, though more archaic and literary, is خستو (Khostu). You will mostly encounter this in classical poetry or high literature.

Et'eraf vs. Eqrar: Et'eraf: More general, can be personal, emotional, or legal.
Eqrar: More formal, primarily legal/official. It implies a formal declaration.
Other Alternatives: اذعان (Ezan): Admitting or acknowledging a fact, often used in political or academic contexts (e.g., admitting the truth of an argument).
گردن گرفتن (Gardan Gereftan): A colloquial idiom meaning 'to take responsibility' or 'to own up to something' (literally: to take on one's neck).

او به جای اعتراف، موضوع را حاشا کرد.
(Instead of confessing, he denied the matter.)

When choosing between these words, consider the 'weight' of the admission. If you are admitting a secret to a friend, Et'eraf is perfect. If you are a politician acknowledging a policy failure, Ezan or Et'eraf works. If you are a lawyer discussing a defendant's statement, Eqrar is the professional choice. For learners, mastering Et'eraf is the priority as it is the most versatile. However, being aware of Gardan Gereftan will help you sound much more like a native speaker in casual settings. For example, "اشتباهت رو گردن بگیر" (Own up to your mistake) sounds much more natural in a heated argument than the formal "به اشتباهت اعتراف کن".

How Formal Is It?

격식체

중립

비격식체

Child friendly

속어

재미있는 사실

The root ʿ-r-f is the same root for 'Ma'rifat' (divine knowledge/gnosis) and 'Arafat' (the mountain where pilgrims gather). It suggests that confession is a form of 'coming to know' the truth.

발음 가이드

UK /ɛʔ.tɛ.rɒːf/

US /et.te.rɑːf/

The stress falls on the last syllable: et-te-RAF.

라임이 맞는 단어

انصراف (Enseraf) اطراف (Atraf) شکاف (Shekaf) کفاف (Kafaf) طواف (Tavaf) اشراف (Ashraf) اغراق (Eghrag - near rhyme) اتفاق (Ettefagh - near rhyme)

자주 하는 실수

Pronouncing it as 'Eteraf' without the glottal stop (though common in fast speech).
Confusing it with 'Eteraz' (protest).
Misplacing the stress on the first syllable.
Mixing up the 'a' and 'e' sounds.
Shortening the final 'af' sound too much.

난이도

독해 3/5

The word is common in news and literature, making it essential for intermediate readers.

쓰기 4/5

Requires correct use of the preposition 'be' and compound verb conjugation.

말하기 3/5

Used in both formal and informal speech, very useful for expressing honesty.

듣기 2/5

Distinctive sound, usually easy to catch in context.

다음에 무엇을 배울까

선수 학습

اشتباه حقیقت گفتن پلیس گناه

다음에 배울 것

اقرار اذعان انکار شهادت دادگاه

고급

معترف توبه قصور جنایت تبرئه

알아야 할 문법

Compound Verbs with 'Kardan'

اعتراف + کردن = To confess

Prepositional Objects

به [something] اعتراف کردن

Ezafe Construction

اعترافِ سارا (Sara's confession)

Subjunctive after 'Bayad'

باید اعتراف کنم (I must confess)

Past Participle as Adjective

معترف (One who has confessed)

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수준별 예문

من اعتراف می‌کنم.

I confess.

Simple present tense of the compound verb.

او به اشتباهش اعتراف کرد.

He confessed to his mistake.

Use of 'be' for the object of confession.

آیا تو اعتراف می‌کنی؟

Do you confess?

Interrogative form.

ما اعتراف کردیم.

We confessed.

First person plural, past tense.

سارا اعتراف نمی‌کند.

Sara does not confess.

Negative form in present tense.

اعتراف سخت است.

Confession is hard.

Noun used as a subject.

یک اعتراف کوچک دارم.

I have a small confession.

Noun with an adjective.

او حقیقت را اعتراف کرد.

He confessed the truth.

Direct object used with the verb.

دزد به پلیس اعتراف کرد.

The thief confessed to the police.

Identifying the recipient of the confession.

او اعتراف کرد که درس نخوانده است.

He confessed that he hasn't studied.

Use of 'ke' to introduce a clause.

باید به این موضوع اعتراف کنیم.

We must confess to this matter.

Using 'bayad' (must) with the subjunctive verb.

اعتراف او همه را تعجب‌زده کرد.

His confession surprised everyone.

Noun as the subject of a transitive verb.

او هیچ‌وقت اعتراف نمی‌کند.

He never confesses.

Use of 'hich-vaqt' (never).

من به عشق خود اعتراف کردم.

I confessed my love.

Emotional context of the word.

چرا اعتراف نمی‌کنی؟

Why don't you confess?

Question word 'chera'.

او بعد از یک ساعت اعتراف کرد.

He confessed after one hour.

Adverbial phrase of time.

متهم در حضور قاضی اعتراف کرد.

The accused confessed in the presence of the judge.

Formal legal context.

اعتراف به گناه اولین قدم برای بخشش است.

Confessing to a sin is the first step toward forgiveness.

Gerund-like use of the noun.

او با اعترافاتش، پرونده را بست.

With his confessions, he closed the case.

Plural noun 'et'erafat'.

باید اعتراف کنم که از تو انتظار نداشتم.

I must confess I didn't expect this from you.

Idiomatic use for expressing feelings.

اعترافات او در تلویزیون پخش شد.

His confessions were broadcast on television.

Passive context (broadcast).

او به جای دروغ، راه اعتراف را انتخاب کرد.

Instead of lying, he chose the path of confession.

Contrasting with 'dorugh' (lie).

آیا این اعتراف تحت فشار بود؟

Was this confession under pressure?

Compound noun 'tahte feshar'.

او با شجاعت به اشتباهاتش اعتراف کرد.

He bravely confessed to his mistakes.

Adverbial use of 'ba shoja'at'.

نویسنده در کتابش به دردهای خود اعتراف می‌کند.

The writer confesses to his pains in his book.

Literary context.

اعترافات اجباری هیچ ارزش قانونی ندارند.

Forced confessions have no legal value.

Specific legal/political term.

او بالاخره به شکست خود در انتخابات اعتراف کرد.

He finally admitted his defeat in the elections.

Political context.

این اعتراف نشان‌دهنده تغییر در رفتار اوست.

This confession indicates a change in his behavior.

Using the noun to indicate a sign/indicator.

او در نامه‌ای طولانی به همه چیز اعتراف کرده بود.

He had confessed to everything in a long letter.

Past perfect tense.

اعتراف به ناتوانی، خود نوعی قدرت است.

Confessing to inability is itself a kind of strength.

Philosophical usage.

او از اعتراف به حقیقت وحشت داشت.

He was terrified of confessing the truth.

Noun following a preposition of emotion.

گرفتن اعتراف از او کار آسانی نبود.

Extracting a confession from him was not an easy task.

Infinitive 'gereftan' as a subject.

ساختار کتاب بر پایه اعترافات درونی قهرمان شکل گرفته است.

The book's structure is formed based on the protagonist's inner confessions.

Literary analysis vocabulary.

او با اعتراف به قصور خود، مسئولیت حادثه را پذیرفت.

By admitting his negligence, he accepted responsibility for the accident.

Formal word 'ghosur' (negligence).

اعترافات وی در دادگاه، تناقضات بسیاری داشت.

His confessions in court had many contradictions.

Abstract noun 'tanaghoz' (contradiction).

در این جستار، به اعترافات فیلسوفان بزرگ می‌پردازیم.

In this essay, we deal with the confessions of great philosophers.

Academic introduction style.

او با اعترافی صریح، به شایعات پایان داد.

With an explicit confession, he put an end to the rumors.

Adjective 'sarih' (explicit).

اعتراف به گناه در برخی مذاهب، آیینی مقدس است.

Confession of sin is a sacred ritual in some religions.

Cultural/Religious context.

او در اوج قدرت، به اشتباهات استراتژیک خود اعتراف کرد.

At the height of power, he confessed to his strategic mistakes.

Complex adverbial phrase 'dar owj-e ghodrat'.

این اعتراف، پرده از رازهای مگو برداشت.

This confession unveiled the unspeakable secrets.

Idiomatic 'parde bardashtan' (to unveil).

اعترافات او، واکاویِ عمیقِ روانِ رنجورِ یک نسل بود.

His confessions were a deep analysis of the ailing psyche of a generation.

Highly academic 'vakavi' (analysis).

او در یادداشت‌هایش به نوعی اعتراف‌نیوشِ خود بود.

In his notes, he was in a way his own confession-listener.

Neologism/Poetic 'et'eraf-niush'.

صداقتِ بی‌رحمانه در اعترافات او، خواننده را مبهوت می‌کند.

The brutal honesty in his confessions stuns the reader.

Compound adjective 'bi-rahmaneh' (brutal).

او از اعتراف به عنوان ابزاری برای تطهیر سیاسی استفاده کرد.

He used confession as a tool for political purification.

Abstract 'tathir' (purification).

پارادوکس اعتراف در این است که هم رهایی‌بخش است و هم اسارت‌آور.

The paradox of confession is that it is both liberating and enslaving.

Philosophical 'paradox'.

اعترافاتِ وی، بازنماییِ تضادهایِ بنیادینِ طبقاتی بود.

His confessions were a representation of fundamental class conflicts.

Sociological 'baz-namayi' (representation).

او با اعترافی دیرهنگام، وجدانِ معذبِ خود را آرام کرد.

With a late confession, he calmed his troubled conscience.

Literary 'vejdan-e mo'azzab'.

در پسِ هر اعتراف، حقیقتی نهفته است که گاه از خودِ اعتراف ترسناک‌تر است.

Behind every confession, there lies a truth that is sometimes scarier than the confession itself.

Complex conditional/comparative structure.

자주 쓰는 조합

اعتراف اجباری

اعتراف صریح

اعتراف تلخ

گرفتن اعتراف

اعتراف به عشق

اعتراف به گناه

اعترافات تکان‌دهنده

برگه اعتراف

اعتراف ناخواسته

اعتراف درونی

자주 쓰는 구문

باید اعتراف کنم که...

— Used to introduce an honest or surprising statement.

باید اعتراف کنم که غذایت عالی است.

به زبان اعتراف آوردن

— To finally say something out loud that was hidden.

او بالاخره حقیقت را به زبان اعتراف آورد.

اعتراف کردن به اشتباه

— To admit one was wrong.

اعتراف به اشتباه نشانه بزرگی است.

بدون هیچ اعترافی

— Doing something without admitting anything.

او بدون هیچ اعترافی دادگاه را ترک کرد.

مجبور به اعتراف شدن

— To be forced to admit something.

او زیر فشار مجبور به اعتراف شد.

اعتراف به ناتوانی

— Admitting one cannot do something.

اعتراف به ناتوانی بهتر از دروغ گفتن است.

اولین اعتراف

— The first time someone admits something.

این اولین اعتراف او در زندگی بود.

اعتراف به شکست

— Admitting defeat.

تیم مقابل به شکست خود اعتراف کرد.

اعتراف در ملاء عام

— Confessing in public.

او به جرمش در ملاء عام اعتراف کرد.

اعتراف صادقانه

— An honest confession.

او یک اعتراف صادقانه انجام داد.

자주 혼동되는 단어

اعتراف vs اعتراض (Eteraz)

Means 'protest' or 'objection'. Often confused because of the similar sound.

اعتراف vs تعریف (Ta'rif)

Means 'definition' or 'praise'. Shares the same root but a different meaning.

اعتراف vs معرفی (Mo'arrefi)

Means 'introduction'. Also shares the same root.

관용어 및 표현

"سفره دل باز کردن"

— To open one's heart (often involves many confessions).

نشست و سفره دلش را باز کرد.

Informal

"توبه گرگ مرگ است"

— A wolf's repentance is death (implying a confession might not be sincere).

به اعتراف او اعتماد نکن، توبه گرگ مرگ است.

Proverb

"مشت کسی وا شدن"

— To have one's secret revealed (forcing a confession).

بالاخره مشتش وا شد و اعتراف کرد.

Slang

"دم به تله دادن"

— To get caught (often leading to a confession).

بالاخره دم به تله داد و اعتراف کرد.

Informal

"از زیر زبان کسی حرف کشیدن"

— To pull words out from under someone's tongue (to extract a confession).

پلیس از زیر زبانش اعتراف کشید.

Informal

"روراست بودن"

— To be straightforward/honest (the state of being ready to confess).

بیا با هم روراست باشیم و اعتراف کنیم.

Neutral

"گناه خود را به گردن دیگری انداختن"

— To blame someone else instead of confessing.

او به جای اعتراف، گناه را به گردن من انداخت.

Neutral

"زبان سرخ سر سبز می‌دهد بر باد"

— A red tongue (confession/speech) can cause trouble.

مراقب اعترافاتت باش، زبان سرخ سر سبز می‌دهد بر باد.

Proverb

"حق را گفتن ولو به ضرر خود"

— To speak the truth even if it hurts you (the essence of confession).

او همیشه حق را می‌گوید، حتی اگر اعتراف به شکست باشد.

Formal

"پرده‌دری کردن"

— To tear the veil (to confess or reveal secrets shamelessly).

او در کتابش پرده‌دری کرد و به همه چیز اعتراف نمود.

Literary

혼동하기 쉬운

اعتراف vs اعتراض

Similar spelling and sound.

Et'eraf is admitting something; Eteraz is complaining about something.

او اعتراف کرد (He confessed) vs او اعتراض کرد (He protested).

اعتراف vs اقرار

Synonyms.

Eqrar is strictly formal/legal; Et'eraf is more general and emotional.

In court, they use Eqrar more often.

اعتراف vs اذعان

Synonyms in high-level Persian.

Ezan is admitting a fact or truth; Et'eraf is admitting a fault or secret.

He admitted the truth of the theory (Ezan).

اعتراف vs کتمان

Antonyms.

Ketman is the act of hiding; Et'eraf is the act of revealing.

He hid the truth (Ketman) vs He confessed the truth (Et'eraf).

اعتراف vs انکار

Antonyms.

Enkar is saying 'I didn't do it'; Et'eraf is saying 'I did it'.

She denied the theft (Enkar).

문장 패턴

من اعتراف می‌کنم.

او به [اسم] اعتراف کرد.

او به اشتباهش اعتراف کرد.

باید اعتراف کنم که [جمله].

باید اعتراف کنم که ترسیدم.

[شخص] به [کار] اعتراف کرد.

دزد به سرقت اعتراف کرد.

اعترافِ [اسم] باعث [اسم] شد.

اعترافِ او باعث تعجب شد.

با اعتراف به [اسم]، [جمله].

با اعتراف به گناه، آرام شد.

[اسم] معترف است که [جمله].

او معترف است که اشتباه کرده.

در پسِ این اعتراف، [اسم] نهفته است.

در پس این اعتراف، رازی نهفته است.

어휘 가족

명사

동사

형용사

사용법

frequency

Highly frequent in legal, news, and dramatic contexts.

자주 하는 실수

من او را اعتراف کردم. → من به او اعتراف کردم.
You need the preposition 'be' to indicate who you are confessing to.
او اعتراف کرد که گرسنه است. → او گفت که گرسنه است.
Don't use 'Et'eraf' for simple facts. Use 'goftan' (to say) or 'ghabul kardan'.
اعتراض به گناه → اعتراف به گناه
Confusing 'Eteraz' (protest) with 'Et'eraf' (confession).
او اعتراف به اشتباه کرد. → او به اشتباهش اعتراف کرد.
The 'be' usually comes before the object, and the verb comes at the end.
من اعتراف او را معرفی کردم. → من اعتراف او را شنیدم.
Confusing 'Et'eraf' with 'Mo'arrefi' (introduction).

팁

Preposition Mastery

Always remember the 'be'. 'او به قتل اعتراف کرد' (He confessed to the murder). Without 'be', the sentence sounds broken to a native ear.

The Root Connection

Link 'Et'eraf' to 'Ma'refat' (knowledge). A confession is simply making your actions 'known' to others.

The Sincerity Marker

Use 'Baye et'eraf konam' when you want to show you are being vulnerable. It builds trust in a conversation.

Aberoo and Confession

Understand that in Iran, confessing a mistake is a big deal because of 'honor'. Use the word with the respect it deserves.

Formal vs Informal

In a text message, 'اعتراف می‌کنم' is fine. In a formal essay, consider 'معترف هستم' or 'اقرار می‌نمایم'.

Distinguish from Eteraz

Listen for the 'f' at the end. If it ends in 'z', it's a protest. If it ends in 'f', it's a confession.

Using the Plural

Use 'Et'erafat' to sound more literary or like a journalist. 'اعترافات یک دلخسته' (Confessions of a weary heart).

The 'ET' Mnemonic

Think of the movie ET. If ET did something wrong, he would have to 'Et-eraf' to his friends.

Daily Admission

Every day, try to think of one small thing you can 'confess' in Persian, even just to yourself.

Don't Overuse

Don't use 'Et'eraf' for every single 'I think'. Save it for when you are actually admitting something significant.

암기하기

기억법

Imagine an 'ET' (the alien) trying to 'RAF' (rough) up a secret. He finally gives an 'ET-E-RAF' (confession).

시각적 연상

Visualize a bright spotlight in a dark room shining on a person who is finally speaking the truth.

Word Web

Truth Guilt Court Secret Honesty Police Sin Love

챌린지

Try to write three sentences: one about a crime, one about a secret, and one about a mistake, all using 'Et'eraf'.

어원

Derived from the Arabic Form VIII verbal noun of the root ʿ-r-f (ع ر ف).

원래 의미: To recognize, to acknowledge, or to make something known to oneself.

Semitic root, borrowed into Persian (Indo-European) with its Arabic morphology intact.

문화적 맥락

Be careful when discussing 'Et'eraf' in political contexts in Iran, as it can be a sensitive topic related to the judicial system.

English speakers might associate 'confession' heavily with the Catholic Church, but in Persian, the religious nuance is more about personal supplication to God without a priest.

The book 'Confessions' by Jean-Jacques Rousseau is translated as 'اعترافات' in Persian. Iranian films like 'A Separation' deal with the struggle of making a confession. The 'Dua Kumayl' is a famous prayer centered on confession of sins.

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

Legal/Court

اعتراف به جرم
گرفتن اعتراف
اعتراف‌نامه
متهم اعتراف کرد

Personal/Emotional

اعتراف به عشق
باید اعتراف کنم
اعتراف به راز
اعتراف صادقانه

Religion

اعتراف به گناه
توبه و اعتراف
طلب بخشش
اعتراف در پیشگاه خدا

Work/Professional

اعتراف به شکست
اعتراف به اشتباه
اذعان به موفقیت رقیب
اعتراف به کم‌کاری

Media/News

اعترافات تکان‌دهنده
پخش اعترافات
اعتراف اجباری
وی اعتراف کرد

대화 시작하기

"آیا تا به حال مجبور شده‌ای به چیزی که دوست نداری اعتراف کنی؟"

"به نظر تو اعتراف به اشتباه نشانه قدرت است یا ضعف؟"

"سخت‌ترین اعترافی که در زندگی‌ات کردی چه بود؟"

"چرا بعضی از مردم هیچ‌وقت به اشتباهاتشان اعتراف نمی‌کنند؟"

"اگر کسی به تو اعتراف به عشق کند، چه واکنشی نشان می‌دهی؟"

일기 주제

امروز می‌خواهم به یک حقیقت درباره خودم اعتراف کنم که تا به حال به کسی نگفته‌ام...

در مورد زمانی بنویسید که اعتراف به یک اشتباه، زندگی شما را تغییر داد.

آیا فکر می‌کنید اعترافات در شبکه‌های اجتماعی صادقانه هستند یا برای جلب توجه؟

یک داستان کوتاه بنویسید که با این جمله شروع شود: «او بالاخره اعتراف کرد.»

تفاوت بین اعتراف به خدا و اعتراف به یک دوست را از نظر خودتان شرح دهید.

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

Usually, yes. It is used for mistakes, crimes, or secrets. However, 'اعتراف به عشق' (confession of love) is a positive, albeit vulnerable, use. Generally, it implies admitting something that was previously hidden.

'Eqrar' is the technical legal term for an admission. 'Et'eraf' is used in daily life, literature, and general conversation. If you are in a courtroom, you might hear both, but 'Eqrar' is more official.

You use the phrase 'اعتراف گرفتن' (to take/get a confession). For example: 'پلیس از او اعتراف گرفت' (The police got a confession from him).

Yes, 'اعترافات' (Et'erafat). It is very common, especially in titles of books or news reports about multiple admissions.

You can, but 'اذعان' (Ezan) or 'قبول کردن' (Ghabul kardan) might be better for neutral facts. 'Et'eraf' usually carries a sense of admitting something difficult or personal.

The preposition 'به' (be) is almost always used. 'اعتراف به چیزی' (Confession to something).

Yes, it refers to admitting sins to God. Unlike Catholicism, there is no formal sacrament of confession to a priest in Islam, but the personal act is highly valued.

There is a slight glottal stop after the first 'e' because of the 'ayn' letter (اع). It sounds like 'eh-te-raf'.

No, it is a noun. It needs 'kardan' (to do) to function as a verb in a sentence.

Yes, it's a B1 level word, meaning it's essential for everyday intermediate conversation, news, and media.

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