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A2 noun 10분 분량

فرستنده

ferestande
예시 فرستنده 30초 만에
설명 فرستنده in your Level:
At the A1 level, learners should recognize 'فرستنده' (ferastande) as a basic noun meaning 'sender'. At this stage, you encounter it primarily on envelopes and simple forms. You should learn it alongside its opposite, 'گیرنده' (recipient). A1 learners should be able to identify which part of a letter belongs to the sender. The focus is on the literal meaning: the person who puts a letter in the mail. You might see it in simple classroom exercises like 'Who is the sender of this card?' (فرستنده این کارت کیست؟). It's helpful to remember that 'ferastande' starts with the same sound as 'from' in some contexts of thought, though they aren't related. Just think of it as the 'Starting' person. You don't need to know the technical or metaphorical uses yet; just focus on mail and basic identity.
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At the A2 level, you begin to use 'فرستنده' in more complete sentences and varied contexts. You are expected to know how to ask for the sender's information and how to provide your own. You will see this word in short reading passages about communication or when filling out official forms for a residence permit or a bank account in Iran. You should understand that it can apply to emails and text messages as well as physical mail. You are now learning to use the Ezafe construction with it, such as 'نام فرستنده' (sender's name) or 'آدرس فرستنده' (sender's address). You should also be aware of the basic plural 'فرستنده‌ها' (senders), although you will mostly use it in the singular. This is the level where the word becomes a functional part of your survival Persian for daily administrative tasks.
By the B1 level, your understanding of 'فرستنده' expands to include more abstract and technical scenarios. You can now discuss the 'sender' of a radio signal or a television broadcast. You might read news articles where the word is used to describe a 'transmitter' that has been damaged or upgraded. You should also be able to use the word in more complex grammatical structures, such as passive sentences: 'The sender was identified by the police' (فرستنده توسط پلیس شناسایی شد). At this stage, you should also start to distinguish between 'فرستنده' and more formal synonyms like 'ارسال‌کننده' (ersāl-konande). You are moving beyond simple mail to understanding the role of the sender in communication theory and technology. You might also encounter it in slightly more formal correspondence, such as business emails where the sender's identity is a point of discussion.
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At the B2 level, you are expected to use 'فرستنده' with precision in professional and academic contexts. You can discuss the nuances of sender-receiver dynamics in marketing, psychology, or telecommunications. You should be comfortable using the word in debates or essays about digital privacy—for example, 'the right to remain an anonymous sender' (حق فرستنده برای ناشناس ماندن). You will recognize the word in more sophisticated literature where it might be used metaphorically. Your vocabulary should also include related terms like 'فرستندگی' (the act of transmitting/sending). You can handle complex administrative forms where 'فرستنده' might be part of a compound legal term. You should also be able to explain the difference between a 'sender' and a 'messenger' (قاصد) in detail, showing a high level of linguistic awareness.
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At the C1 level, 'فرستنده' is a word you use fluently across all registers. You understand its role in classical and modern Persian literature, where it might take on mystical or philosophical overtones (the sender of divine messages). You can analyze technical documents about satellite 'transmitters' (فرستنده‌های ماهواره‌ای) with ease. You are also aware of the historical evolution of the word and its root in Middle Persian. In professional settings, you can use the word in high-level discussions about logistics, data encryption, and signal processing. You notice the subtle differences in tone when a speaker chooses 'فرستنده' over 'ارسال‌کننده' or 'منبع'. Your use of the word is natural, and you can employ it in idiomatic or creative ways in your writing and speaking.
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At the C2 level, you have a masterly command of 'فرستنده' and all its connotations. You can appreciate and use the word in the most formal academic papers or the most nuanced literary critiques. You might explore the word's etymological links to other Indo-European languages or its use in specific dialects of Persian (like Dari or Tajik). You can discuss the 'sender' in the context of advanced semiotics or communication philosophy. Whether you are translating a technical manual for a broadcasting station or a classical poem, you know exactly how to render 'فرستنده' to capture its intended meaning and register. You are also capable of identifying and correcting very subtle misuses of the word by others, and you can provide detailed explanations of its grammatical and cultural significance.
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예시

فرستنده 30초 만에

  • فرستنده means 'sender' or 'transmitter'.
  • It is used for mail, emails, and technology.
  • The opposite of فرستنده is گیرنده (receiver).
  • It is an A2 level word essential for daily life.

The Persian word فرستنده (ferastande) is a fundamental noun in the Persian language, primarily used to identify the person or entity responsible for dispatching or transmitting something. Derived from the verb ferestādan (to send), it combines the present stem ferest- with the agentive suffix -ande, effectively meaning 'the one who sends.' In everyday life, you will encounter this word most frequently in the context of postal services, digital communication, and broadcasting. Whether you are looking at the top-left corner of an envelope or checking the header of an email, the فرستنده is the starting point of the communication journey. Understanding this word is crucial for navigating administrative tasks, social correspondence, and even technical discussions in Iran or other Persian-speaking regions.

Postal Context
In the world of mail and logistics, the فرستنده is the individual or organization whose name and address appear on a package or letter. It is the person who pays for the shipping and is responsible for the contents. If a letter cannot be delivered, it is usually returned to the ferastande.

لطفاً نام و آدرس فرستنده را در پشت پاکت بنویسید.

Beyond physical mail, the term has evolved with technology. In the digital age, it refers to the sender of an email, a text message, or a notification on a smartphone. When you receive a WhatsApp message, the name at the top of the chat is the فرستنده. In technical fields like telecommunications, the word takes on a more mechanical meaning, referring to a transmitter—the device that emits radio or television signals into the atmosphere. This dual use for both humans and machines makes it a versatile term in modern Persian vocabulary.

Digital Communication
In apps and email clients, the 'From' field is translated as فرستنده. It identifies the origin of the data packet or the message content.

من نمی‌توانم فرستنده این ایمیل ناشناس را شناسایی کنم.

In a broader philosophical or literary sense, فرستنده can refer to anyone who initiates a message or a gift. It implies a sense of agency and intention. If someone sends you flowers anonymously, the mystery revolves around the فرستنده. In religious or mystical Persian literature, the term is sometimes used to describe the source of divine revelations or messages sent to humanity. This richness in usage—from the mundane task of mailing a bill to the complex transmission of satellite signals—demonstrates why mastering this noun is essential for any student of Persian reaching the A2 level and beyond.

Telecommunications
In physics and engineering, the term refers to the 'transmitter' (e.g., a radio transmitter) that converts information into signals.

قدرت این فرستنده رادیویی بسیار زیاد است.

بسته به دلیل نبودن آدرس فرستنده برگشت خورد.

Using the word فرستنده correctly requires understanding its grammatical role as a noun and its relationship with its counterpart, گیرنده (recipient). Because it is an agentive noun, it often functions as the subject or the object of a sentence. When you are describing the action of sending, you might use it to identify the source. For example, 'The sender is my brother' translates to ferastande barādaram ast. It is a stable noun that does not change form significantly, though it can take plural markers like -hā or -ān in formal contexts.

As a Subject
When the sender is the one performing an action, such as paying for shipping or making a mistake.

فرستنده باید هزینه پست را پرداخت کند.

In more complex sentences, فرستنده often appears in possessive constructions (Ezafe). For instance, 'the sender's name' is nām-e ferastande. This is the most common way you will see it on forms and official documents. You might also see it used with adjectives, such as ferastande-ye nā-shenās (unknown sender). This allows for precise descriptions of who is initiating the communication. In the context of technology, you might talk about the ferastande-ye dāte (data transmitter), highlighting the word's flexibility across different domains of knowledge.

In Possessive Phrases (Ezafe)
Linking the sender to their attributes like name, address, or reputation.

آدرس فرستنده روی جعبه ناخوانا بود.

When using the word in conversation, it is often paired with the verb budan (to be) or moshakhas kardan (to identify/specify). For example, 'Identify the sender' becomes ferastande rā moshakhas konid. In the negative, 'the sender is not known' is ferastande moshakhas nist. This is particularly useful in social situations where you receive a gift or a message and want to know who it came from. The word is polite and neutral, making it suitable for both formal letters to a university and casual conversations with friends about a mysterious text message.

Identifying the Source
Using the word to ask for or provide clarification on the origin of an item.

آیا می‌دانی فرستنده این گل‌ها کیست؟

اطلاعات فرستنده در سیستم ثبت نشده است.

In contemporary Iran, the word فرستنده echoes through various environments, ranging from the local post office (Post-e Bank) to the high-tech corridors of IT companies. If you visit a post office in Tehran, you will hear staff asking, 'Who is the sender?' (ferastande kist?) or pointing to a form and saying, 'Please fill out the sender section' (lotfan bakhsh-e ferastande rā por konid). It is an essential part of the bureaucratic vocabulary of daily life. Even when using self-service kiosks for shipping, the screen will invariably prompt you for the فرستنده details before you can proceed with your transaction.

At the Post Office
Standard terminology used by postal workers and on official mailing forms.

متصدی پست از من خواست آدرس فرستنده را دقیق‌تر بنویسم.

On the radio or television, you might hear the word used in a technical sense. News reports discussing signal interference or the launch of new broadcasting equipment will frequently mention ferastande-hā-ye rādioyi (radio transmitters). For instance, a technician might report that the 'sender' or transmitter in a specific province is undergoing maintenance. This usage is common in media and engineering circles. Furthermore, in the context of the internet and cybersecurity, experts discuss the 'verification of the sender' to prevent phishing or spam, using the word to describe the origin of digital packets.

In Technical Media
Referring to infrastructure that broadcasts signals across the country.

سیگنال‌های این فرستنده تلویزیونی تمام شهر را پوشش می‌دهد.

In a more personal and modern setting, you'll hear it when people discuss their phone notifications. If a friend receives a strange message, they might say, 'I don't know the sender' (ferastande-ash rā nemi-shenāsam). It is also used in online shopping. When a package arrives from an online store like Digikala, the label will list the store as the فرستنده. Even in popular culture, such as movies or TV dramas, a plot point might involve an 'anonymous sender' (ferastande-ye nā-shenās) who sends a mysterious letter that changes everything. This widespread presence makes it a word you'll encounter multiple times a day if you're living in a Persian-speaking environment.

Daily Digital Life
Identifying people in messaging apps or origins of online orders.

روی گوشی من نام فرستنده پیام نمایش داده نمی‌شود.

فرستنده این بسته، فروشگاه مرکزی است.

One of the most common mistakes learners make with فرستنده is confusing it with its opposite, گیرنده (recipient). While both end in the same suffix -ande, their meanings are polar opposites. A useful way to remember the difference is to link ferastande to the verb ferestādan (to send) and girande to gereftan (to take/receive). Mixing these up at the post office can lead to significant confusion, as you might accidentally put your own name in the recipient's box. Always double-check the labels on forms to ensure you are filling in the correct information.

Confusion with Recipient
Misidentifying the sender as the receiver due to similar word endings.

اشتباه رایج: نوشتن نام فرستنده در بخش گیرنده.

Another error involves the pronunciation, specifically the vowel sound in the first syllable. Some learners might say ferestande with a heavy 'e' sound, but in standard Tehran dialect, it is often pronounced closer to ferastande. While both are generally understood, paying attention to the local pronunciation will help you sound more natural. Additionally, learners sometimes forget to use the Ezafe (the linking '-e' sound) when saying 'the sender's name' (nām-e ferastande). Omitting this link makes the phrase sound disjointed and grammatically incorrect.

Missing Ezafe
Failing to connect the noun 'name' or 'address' to 'sender' using the -e connector.

غلط: آدرس فرستنده (بدون کسره) | درست: آدرسِ فرستنده.

Finally, there is the risk of using ferastande when you actually mean 'messenger' (payām-resān or ghāsed). While a sender initiates the message, a messenger is the one who carries it. For instance, if you are talking about the person who delivered the pizza, you shouldn't call them the فرستنده (that would be the restaurant); they are the peyk or mamur-e ersāl. Distinguishing between the source and the carrier is a mark of a more advanced speaker. Ensure you use ferastande specifically for the origin of the item or signal.

Source vs. Carrier
Mistaking the person delivering the item for the person who actually sent it.

رستوران فرستنده است، اما پیک فقط غذا را می‌آورد.

نباید کلمه فرستنده را با کلمه قاصد اشتباه گرفت.

While فرستنده is the most standard term for a sender, Persian offers several synonyms and related words that are used in specific registers or contexts. Understanding these nuances will help you choose the right word for the right situation. The most common formal alternative is ersāl-konande. This is a compound noun formed from the Arabic loanword ersāl (sending) and the Persian participle konande (doer). You will see this on very formal business contracts or technical software interfaces where a more 'educated' or 'official' tone is desired.

Comparison: فرستنده vs. ارسال‌کننده
فرستنده: General, common, used for mail, people, and transmitters.
ارسال‌کننده: Formal, administrative, often used in digital systems and legal documents.

در این قرارداد، ارسال‌کننده مسئول سلامت کالا است.

Another related word is ghāsed (messenger) or payām-āvar (bringer of messages). These terms are more poetic or historical. A ghāsed is someone who carries a message, like a herald in a period drama. In a modern religious context, ferestāde (without the 'n') means 'one who has been sent' or an 'envoy/apostle.' It is crucial not to confuse ferastande (the sender) with ferestāde (the sent one). One is the source, the other is the messenger or the message itself. This distinction is vital in religious and literary studies.

Comparison: فرستنده vs. فرستاده
فرستنده: The person who performs the act of sending.
فرستاده: The person or thing that has been sent (Messenger/Envoy).

او به عنوان فرستاده ویژه سازمان ملل به منطقه آمد.

In technical jargon, you might also encounter transmiter (the English loanword) or pakhsh-konande (broadcaster). While ferastande is perfectly fine for a radio transmitter, an engineer might use transmiter when talking about specific hardware components. If you are talking about the origin of a financial transaction, the word vārīz-konande (the one who deposits/transfers money) is more specific. Choosing the most precise term shows a deep understanding of the Persian language and its various domains.

Comparison: فرستنده vs. واریزکننده
فرستنده: General sender of any item or signal.
واریزکننده: Specifically the person who sends money via bank transfer.

بانک نام واریزکننده را به من نگفت.

این رادیو به یک فرستنده قوی‌تر نیاز دارد.

발음 가이드

UK /fe.ɾæs.tæn.de/
US /fe.ɾæs.tæn.de/
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수준별 예문

1

فرستنده کیست؟

Who is the sender?

Simple question using the verb 'to be'.

2

نام فرستنده علی است.

The sender's name is Ali.

Possessive Ezafe construction: nām-e ferastande.

3

فرستنده در تهران است.

The sender is in Tehran.

Simple locative sentence.

4

آیا شما فرستنده هستید؟

Are you the sender?

Second person singular question.

5

من فرستنده این نامه هستم.

I am the sender of this letter.

First person singular with a demonstrative 'in'.

6

فرستنده آدرس ندارد.

The sender doesn't have an address.

Negative verb 'nadārad'.

7

این بسته یک فرستنده دارد.

This package has one sender.

Use of 'yek' as an indefinite article.

8

فرستنده و گیرنده کجاست؟

Where are the sender and the receiver?

Compound subject with 'va' (and).

1

لطفاً آدرس فرستنده را پشت پاکت بنویسید.

Please write the sender's address on the back of the envelope.

Imperative verb 'be-nevisid'.

2

فرستنده این ایمیل ناشناس است.

The sender of this email is anonymous.

Adjective 'nāshenās' following the noun.

3

بسته به دلیل نبودن نام فرستنده برگشت خورد.

The package was returned because the sender's name was missing.

Compound verb 'bargasht khordan'.

4

من باید با فرستنده تماس بگیرم.

I must contact the sender.

Modal verb 'bāyad' with subjunctive.

5

فرستنده هزینه پست را پرداخت کرده است.

The sender has paid the postage fee.

Present perfect tense.

6

آیا فرستنده را می‌شناسی؟

Do you know the sender?

Direct object marker 'rā'.

7

اطلاعات فرستنده روی جعبه است.

The sender's information is on the box.

Plural noun 'ettelā'āt'.

8

فرستنده پیام یک شرکت تبلیغاتی بود.

The sender of the message was an advertising company.

Past tense 'bud'.

1

فرستنده رادیویی به دلیل طوفان آسیب دیده است.

The radio transmitter has been damaged due to the storm.

Technical use of 'ferastande' as transmitter.

2

هویت فرستنده هنوز مشخص نشده است.

The sender's identity has not yet been determined.

Passive construction in the negative.

3

فرستنده باید قبل از ارسال، فرم را امضا کند.

The sender must sign the form before sending.

Subordinate clause with 'ghabl az'.

4

ما به دنبال فرستنده اصلی این خبر هستیم.

We are looking for the original sender of this news.

Present continuous 'hastim' with 'be donbāl-e'.

5

فرستنده پیام را به اشتباه برای من فرستاد.

The sender sent the message to me by mistake.

Adverbial phrase 'be eshtebāh'.

6

قدرت فرستنده برای پوشش کل منطقه کافی نیست.

The transmitter's power is not enough to cover the whole area.

Noun 'ghodrat' (power) in Ezafe.

7

فرستنده نامه، از دوستان قدیمی پدرم بود.

The sender of the letter was one of my father's old friends.

Complex possessive structure.

8

سیستم به صورت خودکار فرستنده را مسدود کرد.

The system automatically blocked the sender.

Adverbial 'be surate khodkār'.

1

فرستنده مسئولیت هرگونه خسارت در طول مسیر را بر عهده دارد.

The sender bears responsibility for any damage during the route.

Formal phrase 'bar ohde dāshtan'.

2

تکنولوژی جدید، فرستنده‌های کوچک‌تر و قوی‌تری را معرفی کرده است.

New technology has introduced smaller and more powerful transmitters.

Comparative adjectives 'kuchaktar' and 'ghavitar'.

3

تایید هویت فرستنده یکی از مراحل امنیتی بانک است.

Verifying the sender's identity is one of the bank's security steps.

Gerund 'ta'yid-e hoviyat' (verification).

4

فرستنده در متن نامه به نکات مهمی اشاره کرده است.

The sender has mentioned important points in the text of the letter.

Verb 'eshāre kardan' with preposition 'be'.

5

اگر فرستنده آدرس خود را ننویسد، بسته گم می‌شود.

If the sender doesn't write their address, the package will be lost.

Conditional sentence Type 1.

6

فرستنده تلویزیونی در ارتفاعات کوهستان نصب شده است.

The TV transmitter is installed on the mountain heights.

Passive participle 'nasb shode'.

7

هنگام دریافت پول، حتماً نام فرستنده را چک کنید.

When receiving money, definitely check the sender's name.

Temporal clause with 'hengām-e'.

8

فرستنده ادعا می‌کند که کالا را سالم تحویل داده است.

The sender claims to have delivered the goods in good condition.

Verb 'ed'ā kardan' with 'ke' clause.

1

تحلیل سیگنال‌های فرستنده نشان‌دهنده تداخل مغناطیسی است.

Analysis of the transmitter signals indicates magnetic interference.

Technical academic vocabulary.

2

فرستنده در این اثر ادبی، نمادی از وجدان بیدار است.

The sender in this literary work is a symbol of an awakened conscience.

Literary analysis register.

3

پروتکل‌های جدید، امنیت فرستنده و گیرنده را تضمین می‌کنند.

New protocols guarantee the security of the sender and receiver.

Plural subject with plural verb.

4

فرستنده با استفاده از کلمات استعاری، پیام خود را منتقل کرد.

The sender conveyed their message using metaphorical words.

Advanced adverbial 'bā estefāde az'.

5

در این آزمایش، فاصله بین فرستنده و حسگر تغییر می‌کند.

In this experiment, the distance between the transmitter and the sensor changes.

Scientific register.

6

فرستنده به طور عمدی هویت خود را پنهان کرده بود.

The sender had intentionally hidden their identity.

Past perfect with adverb 'be toore amdi'.

7

نوسانات فرستنده باعث قطع موقت برنامه‌ها شد.

Transmitter fluctuations caused a temporary interruption of programs.

Causal construction 'bā'es-e ... shod'.

8

فرستنده در نامه عذرخواهی خود، به جزئیات واقعه نپرداخت.

The sender did not go into the details of the event in their apology letter.

Negative verb 'na-pardākht' with 'be'.

1

تعامل دیالکتیکی میان فرستنده و مخاطب، شالوده این نظریه است.

The dialectical interaction between the sender and the audience is the foundation of this theory.

Philosophical/Academic register.

2

فرستنده در مقام یک کنشگر اجتماعی، پیام خود را صورت‌بندی می‌کند.

The sender, as a social actor, articulates their message.

Sociological terminology.

3

تضعیف سیگنال در فرستنده‌های آنالوگ یک چالش بنیادین بود.

Signal attenuation in analog transmitters was a fundamental challenge.

Engineering history register.

4

فرستنده با ظرافتی خاص، مرز بین حقیقت و مجاز را درنوردیده است.

The sender has traversed the boundary between truth and metaphor with specific subtlety.

Highly literary register.

5

در متون کلاسیک، فرستنده غالباً در پس پرده ابهام باقی می‌ماند.

In classical texts, the sender often remains behind a veil of ambiguity.

Literary history register.

6

فرستنده از طریق بازنمایی واقعیت، سعی در اقناع مخاطب دارد.

The sender tries to persuade the audience through the representation of reality.

Rhetorical analysis register.

7

پایداری فرکانسی فرستنده در شرایط جوی نامساعد، حیاتی است.

The frequency stability of the transmitter in adverse weather conditions is vital.

Technical precision.

8

فرستنده در این گفتمان، اقتدار خود را به چالش می‌کشد.

The sender challenges their own authority in this discourse.

Post-structuralist register.

자주 쓰는 조합

نام فرستنده
آدرس فرستنده
فرستنده رادیویی
فرستنده ناشناس
فرستنده و گیرنده
هویت فرستنده
فرستنده تلویزیونی
مشخصات فرستنده
فرستنده نامه
قدرت فرستنده

자주 쓰는 구문

به فرستنده بازگشت داده شد

— Returned to sender. Used when a letter cannot be delivered.

نامه به فرستنده بازگشت داده شد.

بدون نام فرستنده

— Without the sender's name. Often implies mystery or error.

بسته بدون نام فرستنده بود.

فرستنده مجهول

— Unknown sender. Common in legal or mystery contexts.

فرستنده مجهول است.

در محل فرستنده

— At the sender's location.

کالا در محل فرستنده تحویل داده شد.

هزینه به عهده فرستنده

— Cost borne by the sender.

هزینه ارسال به عهده فرستنده است.

فرستنده اصلی

— The original sender.

ما باید فرستنده اصلی را پیدا کنیم.

تایید فرستنده

— Sender verification.

تایید فرستنده الزامی است.

فرستنده دیجیتال

— Digital transmitter.

فرستنده دیجیتال کیفیت بهتری دارد.

بخش فرستنده

— The sender section (on a form).

بخش فرستنده را خالی نگذارید.

حقوق فرستنده

— Sender's rights.

حقوق فرستنده در قانون مشخص است.

관용어 및 표현

"فرستنده و گیرنده یکی بودن"

— When someone talks to themselves or acts for their own benefit. Literally: The sender and receiver are the same.

در این معامله، فرستنده و گیرنده یکی هستند.

Informal/Sarcastic
"آدرس فرستنده را گم کردن"

— To lose track of one's origins or the person who helped them.

او بعد از موفقیت، آدرس فرستنده را گم کرد.

Metaphorical
"فرستنده پیام غیبی"

— Referring to destiny or a mysterious source of luck.

انگار فرستنده‌ای غیبی این شانس را به او داد.

Literary
"پاکت بدون فرستنده"

— A metaphor for something without a clear cause or origin.

این مشکل مثل یک پاکت بدون فرستنده است.

Informal
"فرستنده حرف‌های توخالی"

— Someone who makes empty promises.

او فقط فرستنده حرف‌های توخالی است.

Slang
"در نقش فرستنده ظاهر شدن"

— To take the initiative in a situation.

او در این بحران در نقش فرستنده ظاهر شد.

Formal
"فرستنده سیگنال‌های اشتباه"

— Someone who gives misleading hints or body language.

او داشت سیگنال‌های اشتباه می‌فرستاد.

Informal
"فرستنده و گیرنده در تضاد"

— When two people cannot understand each other at all.

ما همیشه فرستنده و گیرنده‌مان در تضاد است.

Informal
"فرستنده خبر خوش"

— A bearer of good news (often used for birds like the hoopoe).

هدهد فرستنده خبر خوش بود.

Literary
"فرستنده امواج مثبت"

— Someone who radiates positive energy.

او همیشه فرستنده امواج مثبت است.

Modern Informal
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