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A2 pronoun #1,500 가장 일반적인 6분 분량

خودشان

khodeshun 상위 1,500

At the A1 level, you are just starting to learn pronouns. You might know 'man' (I) and 'ânhâ' (they). 'Khodeshân' might seem complex, but think of it as 'they' + 'self'. At this stage, you only need to recognize it in simple sentences like 'They are by themselves' or 'They did it themselves'. Focus on the fact that it ends in '-shân', which usually means 'their' or 'them'.

At the A2 level, you should start using 'khodeshân' to avoid repeating the subject. Instead of saying 'The students like the students' books', you say 'The students like their own (khodeshân) books'. You will use it to describe daily routines where people do things for themselves, like cooking or cleaning. You should also be aware of the colloquial form 'khodeshun'.

By B1, you should be comfortable using 'khodeshân' with various prepositions. You can use it to express more complex ideas, such as 'They are responsible for themselves' (آن‌ها مسئول خودشان هستند). You will also start to notice it in media and simple news reports. Your understanding of the 'râ' marker with 'khodeshân' should be solid at this stage.

At B2, you use 'khodeshân' to add nuance and emphasis in arguments or essays. You can distinguish between the emphatic use ('They did it themselves, not the government') and the reflexive use. You are also familiar with the formal 'khod-e ishân' and can use 'khodeshân' in professional settings to discuss team autonomy or collective responsibility.

At C1, you understand the stylistic choices between 'khodeshân', 'khishtan', and 'khod-e ishân'. You can analyze literature where the use of reflexive pronouns defines the relationship between characters. You use 'khodeshân' effortlessly in complex grammatical structures, such as conditional sentences or passive voice constructions where the agent is emphasized.

At the C2 level, your use of 'khodeshân' is indistinguishable from a native speaker. You understand the subtle sociolinguistic implications of choosing the colloquial 'khodeshun' versus the formal 'khodeshân' in different social strata. You can use it in academic writing to discuss abstract concepts of 'the self' and 'the collective' in Persian philosophy.

연습하기 예시 노트와 팁

خودشان 30초 만에

Khodeshân means 'themselves' and is used for both reflexivity (doing to self) and emphasis (doing personally).
It is formed by adding the plural suffix '-eshân' to the root word 'khod' (self).
In spoken Persian, it changes to 'khodeshun', which is very common in daily life.
It requires the object marker 'râ' when used as a direct object in a sentence.

The Persian word خودشان is a third-person plural reflexive and emphatic pronoun. It is composed of the base word خود (khod), meaning 'self', and the plural pronominal suffix ـِشان (-eshân). In its most basic sense, it translates to 'themselves' in English. This word is essential for indicating that the subjects of a sentence are performing an action upon themselves or to emphasize that they are the ones performing the action without external assistance. Understanding this word requires a grasp of how Persian handles possession and reflexivity through suffixes. In formal contexts, the suffix is pronounced 'eshân', whereas in colloquial Persian, it shifts to 'eshun', resulting in خودشون.

Reflexive Usage: When the subject and the object of the verb are the same group of people. For example, 'They saw themselves in the mirror.'
Emphatic Usage: Used to stress that the subjects did something personally. For example, 'They built the house themselves.'
Possessive Usage: Often used with the preposition 'mâl-e' (belonging to) to mean 'their own'.

آن‌ها خودشان غذا را پختند.
(They cooked the food themselves.)

Beyond simple reflexivity, 'khodeshân' carries a weight of agency. When a speaker uses this word, they are often highlighting the independence or the responsibility of the group being discussed. In literature, it can be used to create a distinction between the 'self' and the 'other', a common theme in Persian philosophical and mystical texts. Even at an A2 level, mastering this word allows a learner to move beyond simple Subject-Verb-Object sentences into more complex descriptions of social dynamics and personal achievements. It is the plural counterpart to 'khodash' (himself/herself/itself) and follows the same grammatical logic as 'khodam' (myself) and 'khodat' (yourself).

Using خودشان correctly involves placing it in the right position relative to the verb and the subject. It typically follows the subject for emphasis or acts as the object of a preposition. In Persian grammar, reflexive pronouns are quite versatile. Unlike English, where 'themselves' might change position significantly, 'khodeshân' usually stays close to the action it modifies.

As a Direct Object: When the group is the recipient of their own action. 'آن‌ها خودشان را در عکس دیدند' (They saw themselves in the photo).
With Prepositions: It can follow prepositions like 'be' (to), 'barâye' (for), or 'az' (from). 'آن‌ها برای خودشان قهوه خریدند' (They bought coffee for themselves).

بچه‌ها خودشان تکالیفشان را انجام دادند.
(The children did their homework themselves.)

One advanced nuance is the use of 'khodeshân' to indicate 'their own'. While 'mâl-e ishân' is possible, 'mâl-e khodeshân' is much more common when referring back to the subject. This reinforces the sense of possession. In social settings, using this word can also convey respect or distance depending on the tone. For instance, if you are talking about a group of elders, using 'khodeshân' emphasizes their autonomy. It is also important to note that in very formal Persian, 'khod-e ishân' might be used as a highly respectful way to say 'they themselves', though 'khodeshân' is the standard neutral form.

You will encounter خودشان in almost every facet of Iranian life, from daily conversations to news broadcasts and classical poetry. Its ubiquity stems from the Persian language's reliance on reflexive structures to clarify who is doing what to whom. In a typical Iranian household, you might hear parents telling guests that the children 'khodeshun' (colloquial) decided to help with the cleaning, emphasizing their initiative.

در اخبار: «مردم خودشان برای حل این مشکل اقدام کردند.»
(In the news: "The people themselves took action to solve this problem.")

In Persian cinema and TV dramas, 'khodeshân' is often used in dialogue to reveal character motivations. For example, a character might complain that others only think about 'khodeshun' (themselves), highlighting a theme of selfishness or isolation. In the workplace, a manager might say that the team members 'khodeshân' are responsible for the project's success. Because Persian often drops the subject pronoun (it is a pro-drop language), the use of 'khodeshân' provides necessary clarity to ensure the listener knows exactly who is being referred to.

One of the most frequent errors for English speakers learning Persian is the confusion between the simple pronoun آن‌ها (ânhâ - they) and the reflexive خودشان (khodeshân - themselves). While English sometimes uses 'them' where Persian requires 'themselves', Persian is much stricter about using reflexive pronouns when the object refers back to the subject.

Mistake: Using 'ânhâ' for reflexive actions: Incorrect: آن‌ها آن‌ها را در آینه دیدند. (They saw them in the mirror - implies they saw a different group). Correct: آن‌ها خودشان را در آینه دیدند.
Mistake: Forgetting the 'râ': When 'khodeshân' is a definite direct object, the 'râ' is mandatory. Saying 'khodeshân didand' instead of 'khodeshân râ didand' is a common A2-level error.

غلط: آن‌ها برای آن‌ها چای ریختند. (They poured tea for them - someone else).
درست: آن‌ها برای خودشان چای ریختند. (They poured tea for themselves.)

Another common pitfall is the misplacement of the word in the sentence. Learners often try to translate the English word order directly. In English, we can say 'They themselves did it' or 'They did it themselves'. In Persian, while 'khodeshân' can move slightly, placing it immediately after the subject is the most natural way to provide emphasis. Lastly, ensure you are using the correct suffix. Using 'khodash' (singular) when the subject is 'ânhâ' (plural) is a frequent grammatical slip.

Understanding خودشان requires comparing it to other pronouns and reflexive forms. Persian has a rich system of pronouns that can sometimes overlap in meaning but differ in register or grammatical function.

آن‌ها (Ânhâ): The standard third-person plural pronoun ('they'). Use this for general reference, but switch to 'khodeshân' when referring back to the subject.
ایشان (Ishân): A highly formal version of 'ânhâ'. It is often used to refer to a single person respectfully (like 'they' in singular formal English) or a group in very formal writing.
خویشتن (Khishtan): A literary and archaic version of 'khod'. You will see this in classical poetry (Rumi, Hafez) or very formal philosophical texts. It is rarely used in modern spoken Persian.

تفاوت: آن‌ها (They) vs. خودشان (Themselves) vs. خویشتن (Self - Literary).

It is also useful to compare 'khodeshân' with the singular 'khodash'. While 'khodash' refers to 'him/her/itself', 'khodeshân' is strictly for 'themselves'. In colloquial speech, 'khodeshun' can sometimes be used vaguely to refer to 'their people' or 'their family', but this is context-dependent. Comparing these helps learners see the pattern of the 'khod' + [suffix] system that governs all reflexive pronouns in Persian.

How Formal Is It?

격식체

비격식체

난이도

알아야 할 문법

수준별 예문

آن‌ها خودشان اینجا هستند.

They themselves are here.

Simple emphatic use after the subject.

بچه‌ها خودشان بازی می‌کنند.

The children are playing by themselves.

Indicates independence.

آن‌ها خودشان نان می‌خرند.

They buy bread themselves.

Emphasizing the action.

آن‌ها خودشان را دوست دارند.

They love themselves.

Reflexive object with 'râ'.

این کتابِ خودشان است.

This is their own book.

Possessive use.

آن‌ها خودشان آمدند.

They came themselves.

Emphatic.

آن‌ها برای خودشان آب آوردند.

They brought water for themselves.

Use with preposition 'barâye'.

آن‌ها خودشان در خانه هستند.

They are in the house themselves.

Locative context.

دانشجویان خودشان درس می‌خوانند.

The students study by themselves.

Reflexive action.

آن‌ها خودشان را در آینه دیدند.

They saw themselves in the mirror.

Direct object with 'râ'.

آن‌ها خودشان ماشین را شستند.

They washed the car themselves.

Emphatic.

آن‌ها برای خودشان لباس خریدند.

They bought clothes for themselves.

Prepositional use.

آن‌ها خودشان تصمیم گرفتند.

They decided themselves.

Abstract action.

آن‌ها خودشان به مدرسه می‌روند.

They go to school by themselves.

Independence.

آن‌ها خودشان غذا می‌پزند.

They cook food themselves.

Common activity.

آن‌ها خودشان این را گفتند.

They said this themselves.

Emphasizing speech.

آن‌ها باید خودشان را برای امتحان آماده کنند.

They must prepare themselves for the exam.

Reflexive with modal verb.

آن‌ها خودشان مسئول کارهایشان هستند.

They themselves are responsible for their actions.

Adjectival complement.

آن‌ها از خودشان دفاع کردند.

They defended themselves.

Preposition 'az' with reflexive.

آن‌ها خودشان را با شرایط جدید وفق دادند.

They adapted themselves to the new conditions.

Complex reflexive verb.

آن‌ها به خودشان افتخار می‌کنند.

They are proud of themselves.

Preposition 'be' with reflexive.

آن‌ها خودشان راه را پیدا کردند.

They found the way themselves.

Problem solving.

آن‌ها خودشان خانه را رنگ کردند.

They painted the house themselves.

Emphatic.

آن‌ها خودشان را درگیر این موضوع نکردند.

They didn't involve themselves in this matter.

Negative reflexive.

آن‌ها خودشان را وقف کمک به دیگران کرده‌اند.

They have dedicated themselves to helping others.

Present perfect reflexive.

آن‌ها خودشان بهتر از هر کسی این را می‌دانند.

They themselves know this better than anyone.

Comparative emphasis.

آن‌ها خودشان را از بقیه جدا کردند.

They separated themselves from the rest.

Reflexive of separation.

آن‌ها خودشان را برای هر احتمالی آماده کرده‌اند.

They have prepared themselves for any possibility.

Future-oriented reflexive.

آن‌ها خودشان را در موقعیت دشواری قرار دادند.

They put themselves in a difficult position.

Idiomatic reflexive.

آن‌ها خودشان را به عنوان رهبر معرفی کردند.

They introduced themselves as leaders.

Formal introduction.

آن‌ها خودشان را با فرهنگ جدید تطبیق دادند.

They adapted themselves to the new culture.

Cultural adaptation.

آن‌ها خودشان را فدای آرمان‌هایشان کردند.

They sacrificed themselves for their ideals.

Abstract sacrifice.

آن‌ها خودشان را در آینه تاریخ می‌بینند.

They see themselves in the mirror of history.

Metaphorical reflexive.

آن‌ها خودشان را از قید و بندهای سنتی رها کردند.

They freed themselves from traditional constraints.

Literary/Formal.

آن‌ها خودشان را به دست سرنوشت سپردند.

They surrendered themselves to fate.

Philosophical idiom.

آن‌ها خودشان را در اعماق افکارشان غرق کردند.

They immersed themselves in the depths of their thoughts.

Abstract immersion.

آن‌ها خودشان را مسئول شکست پروژه دانستند.

They considered themselves responsible for the project's failure.

Complex attribution.

آن‌ها خودشان را با معیارهای جهانی می‌سنجند.

They measure themselves by global standards.

Analytical reflexive.

آن‌ها خودشان را از هرگونه اتهامی تبرئه کردند.

They cleared themselves of any charges.

Legal/Formal.

آن‌ها خودشان را در کانون توجه قرار دادند.

They placed themselves at the center of attention.

Idiomatic expression.

آن‌ها خودشان را در بوته آزمایش قرار دادند.

They put themselves to the test (in the crucible).

Highly idiomatic/Literary.

آن‌ها خودشان را با مفاهیم انتزاعی به چالش کشیدند.

They challenged themselves with abstract concepts.

Academic reflexive.

آن‌ها خودشان را از هیاهوی دنیای مدرن دور نگه داشتند.

They kept themselves away from the clamor of the modern world.

Sophisticated register.

آن‌ها خودشان را در ورطه نابودی یافتند.

They found themselves on the brink of destruction.

Dramatic/Literary.

آن‌ها خودشان را ملزم به رعایت موازین اخلاقی می‌دانند.

They consider themselves bound to observe ethical standards.

Formal/Legalistic.

آن‌ها خودشان را در آیینه آثارشان بازنمایی می‌کنند.

They represent themselves in the mirror of their works.

Artistic/Critical theory.

آن‌ها خودشان را از ورای حجاب‌های پندار می‌نگرند.

They look at themselves from beyond the veils of illusion.

Mystical/Sufi context.

آن‌ها خودشان را در تلاطم امواج حوادث حفظ کردند.

They preserved themselves amidst the turbulence of events.

High literary style.

자주 쓰는 조합

خودشان را کشتند

خودشان را دیدند

برای خودشان

از خودشان

به خودشان

با خودشان

مالِ خودشان

خودِ خودشان

فقط خودشان

توسط خودشان

자주 쓰는 구문

خودشان می‌دانند

به خودشان مربوط است

خودشان را گم کردند

خودشان را زدند به...

خودشان را نشان دادند

خودشان را آماده کردند

خودشان را معرفی کردند

خودشان را نجات دادند

خودشان را سرگرم کردند

خودشان را اصلاح کردند

자주 혼동되는 단어

خودشان vs آن‌ها (They)

خودشان vs خودش (Himself/Herself)

خودشان vs خودمان (Ourselves)

관용어 및 표현

혼동하기 쉬운

خودشان vs خوشان

خودشان vs خونشان

خودشان vs خوابشان

문장 패턴

사용법

emphatic

Used to stress that the subject performed the action personally.

reflexive

Used when the subject and object are identical.

자주 하는 실수

آن‌ها آن‌ها را دیدند (for reflexive)
خودشان رفت (wrong verb agreement)
برای آن‌ها (when meaning themselves)
خودشان را (forgetting râ)
خودش (singular for plural subject)

팁

Subject-Object Agreement

Ensure the suffix matches the subject. If the subject is plural (they), use '-shân'.

The 'un' Shift

In Tehran, people say 'khodeshun'. Using this will make you sound much more natural.

Emphasis

Use 'khodeshân' to clarify that no one else helped the subjects.

Possession

Combine with 'mâl-e' to express strong ownership.

Suffix Recognition

Train your ear to catch the '-shân' or '-shun' at the end of words.

Politeness

Refer to a group of elders using 'khodeshân' to respect their agency.

Avoid Redundancy

Don't use 'ânhâ' and 'khodeshân' as objects in the same clause if they refer to the same people.

Practice Daily

Try to describe what your friends do for themselves using this word.

Literary Flair

In poetry, look for 'khishtan' as a synonym.

Reflexive Logic

If the arrow of the action points back to the subject, use 'khod'.

암기하기

어원

Middle Persian (Pahlavi)

문화적 맥락

In very formal settings, 'khod-e ishân' is more polite than 'khodeshân'.

Reflexive pronouns are often used to avoid direct blame or to emphasize personal merit.

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

대화 시작하기

"آیا آن‌ها خودشان این کار را کردند؟"

"چرا آن‌ها خودشان را معرفی نکردند؟"

"آن‌ها برای خودشان چه خریدند؟"

"آیا آن‌ها خودشان را برای سفر آماده کرده‌اند؟"

"چطور آن‌ها خودشان را نجات دادند؟"

일기 주제

Write about a time a group of people did something impressive themselves.

Describe how a team can take care of themselves.

Discuss the importance of people thinking for themselves.

Write a story about two friends who built something themselves.

Reflect on a news story where people took matters into their own hands.

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

'Ânhâ' simply means 'they'. 'Khodeshân' means 'themselves'. You use 'khodeshân' when the action refers back to the people you are talking about.

Yes, 'khodeshun' is the colloquial (spoken) version of 'khodeshân'. It is used in everyday conversation.

Add 'râ' when 'khodeshân' is the direct object of the verb. For example: 'They saw themselves' -> 'Ânhâ khodeshân râ didand'.

Yes, it can refer to plural inanimate objects if they are the subject of a reflexive action, though this is less common.

'Khodeshân' is neutral-to-formal. 'Khodeshun' is informal.

Yes, 'khod-e ânhâ' is another way to say 'they themselves', but 'khodeshân' is more common.

No, Persian pronouns do not have gender. 'Khodeshân' works for men, women, and mixed groups.

You can use 'mâl-e khodeshân'. For example: 'It is their own house' -> 'In khâne-ye mâl-e khodeshân ast'.

Usually right after the subject or before the verb as an object.

'Khishtan' is a very formal, literary version of 'khod' used in poetry.