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A2 adjective #2,500 가장 일반적인 6분 분량

خسته کننده

khaste konande
연습하기 예시 노트와 팁 خسته کننده 30초 만에
설명 خسته کننده in your Level:
At the A1 level, you just need to know that 'khasteh-konandeh' means 'boring'. You use it to describe simple things like a book, a movie, or a long day. It is the opposite of 'ghashang' (beautiful/nice) or 'khub' (good) in the context of entertainment. You should focus on the basic sentence structure: [Noun] + [khasteh-konandeh] + [ast]. For example, 'In film khasteh-konandeh ast' (This movie is boring). At this stage, don't worry about the complex etymology; just treat it as a single word that describes something you don't like because it's not fun.
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At the A2 level, you start to use 'khasteh-konandeh' to describe more varied situations, like work or school. You can begin to use intensifiers like 'kheyli' (very) or 'vaghe'an' (really). You should also be able to distinguish it from 'khasteh' (tired). A2 learners should practice using it in the past tense: 'Diruz kheyli khasteh-konandeh bud' (Yesterday was very boring). You are also learning to use it with the Ezafe construction to describe nouns: 'yek dars-e khasteh-konandeh' (a boring lesson).
By B1, you should understand that 'khasteh-konandeh' is a compound word. You can use it to express opinions in more detail, explaining *why* something is boring. You might say, 'In kār khasteh-konandeh ast chon hamishe tekrāri ast' (This job is boring because it is always repetitive). You can also start using the comparative form 'khasteh-konandeh-tar' (more boring). You should be comfortable using it in both formal and informal contexts and recognize it in media like podcasts or simple news reports.
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At the B2 level, you use 'khasteh-konandeh' with more nuance. You might compare it with synonyms like 'kesel-konandeh' or 'yek-navākht'. You can use it to describe abstract concepts, such as a 'khasteh-konandeh' lifestyle or a 'khasteh-konandeh' political debate. Your sentences will be more complex, perhaps using it in subordinate clauses: 'Agarche in dars khasteh-konandeh ast, ammā barāye emtehān mohem ast' (Although this lesson is boring, it is important for the exam). You also understand the cultural implication of the word in Iranian social life.
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At the C1 level, you have a deep understanding of the word's impact. You can use it rhetorically to criticize literature, art, or social structures. You recognize the subtle difference between 'khasteh-konandeh' and more sophisticated terms like 'malāl-āvar'. You can use the word in idiomatic ways and understand when it is being used sarcastically. You are also able to discuss the morphology of the word—how the present participle 'konandeh' functions in the Persian language to create hundreds of other adjectives.
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At the C2 level, 'khasteh-konandeh' is just one tool in a vast arsenal of descriptors. You can use it to analyze the 'tedium of existence' in a philosophical discussion or to critique the pacing of a complex Persian novel. You understand its use in classical vs. modern Persian and can identify its presence in high-level academic or legal texts where it might describe a 'tedious process'. You can effortlessly switch between this word and its most obscure synonyms to maintain a specific tone or register in your writing.
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연습하기 예시 노트와 팁

خسته کننده 30초 만에

  • Khasteh-konandeh means boring or tedious in Persian.
  • It is a compound of 'tired' and 'maker'.
  • Commonly used for movies, books, and long tasks.
  • Don't confuse it with 'khasteh' which means 'tired'.

The Persian term خسته کننده (khasteh-konandeh) is a quintessential compound adjective used to describe anything that drains one's energy, interest, or patience. Etymologically, it is formed by the past participle خسته (khasteh), meaning 'tired' or 'exhausted', and the present participle کننده (konandeh), which acts as an agentive suffix meaning 'maker' or 'doer'. Therefore, the literal translation is 'tired-maker'. In English, we often distinguish between 'boring' (lack of interest) and 'tiring' (lack of physical energy), but in Persian, this word beautifully captures the intersection of both. It suggests that the lack of stimulation is so profound that it actually induces a state of fatigue.

Grammatical Category
Compound Adjective (Sefat-e Morakkab)
Core Nuance
Inducing a state of weariness through monotony or lack of excitement.
Intensity
Moderate to High; can describe a dull movie or a soul-crushing job.

"این فیلم خیلی خسته کننده بود؛ وسطش خوابم برد." (This movie was very boring; I fell asleep in the middle.)

In the context of Iranian culture, where social interactions are often vibrant and 'shooloogh' (busy/lively), something labeled as خسته کننده is often viewed with significant disdain. It implies a lack of 'hāl' (spirit or mood). For instance, a party without music or a lecture without engaging stories would be described this way. It is not just about the object itself, but the physiological effect it has on the observer—making them feel heavy and uninspired.

"کار اداری گاهی واقعاً خسته کننده می‌شود." (Office work sometimes becomes truly tedious.)

"ترافیک تهران برای همه خسته کننده است." (Tehran traffic is boring/tiring for everyone.)

Synonym Note
While 'kesel-konandeh' is a close synonym, 'khasteh-konandeh' is more common in daily speech.

"یک زندگی خسته کننده بدون هیچ تفریحی." (A boring life without any recreation.)

"سخنرانی او طولانی و خسته کننده بود." (His speech was long and tedious.)

Using خسته کننده correctly requires understanding its position in a sentence and its relationship with the verb 'to be' (budan/hastan). In Persian, adjectives typically follow the noun they modify, connected by the 'Ezafe' (the short -e sound). For example, 'a boring book' becomes ketāb-e khasteh-konandeh. However, when used as a predicate (e.g., 'The book is boring'), it stands alone before the verb: Ketāb khasteh-konandeh ast.

One of the most important aspects of using this word is its versatility across registers. In formal writing, you might see it used to describe economic stagnation or repetitive historical cycles. In colloquial speech, it's the go-to word for complaining about a long queue, a repetitive song, or a friend who tells the same story ten times. It is often paired with intensifiers like خیلی (kheyli - very), واقعاً (vāghe'an - really), or بیش از حد (bish az had - excessively).

"انتظار در صف نانوایی خیلی خسته کننده است." (Waiting in the bakery line is very boring/tiring.)

When comparing things, you add the suffix -tar to make it 'more boring' (khasteh-konandeh-tar). For example: 'This class is more boring than the previous one' (In kelās az kelās-e ghabli khasteh-konandeh-tar ast). It is also important to note that while the word contains 'khasteh', it does not change based on the gender or number of the subject, as Persian adjectives are generally invariant in that regard.

You will encounter خسته کننده in a variety of daily scenarios in Iran. In educational settings, students frequently whisper this to each other during long, theoretical lectures that lack practical application. In the workplace, it is a common descriptor for 'administrative red tape' (kāghaz-bāzi) or repetitive data entry tasks. On social media, you might see it in reviews for movies or books that failed to live up to the hype.

Interestingly, it is also used in the context of relationships. If someone says a relationship has become خسته کننده, they mean the spark is gone and the routine has become stifling. In Iranian cinema, particularly in the 'social realism' genre, characters often complain about the khasteh-konandeh nature of their daily struggles, emphasizing the mental toll of a stagnant environment.

"اخبار تلویزیون همیشه خسته کننده و تکراری است." (TV news is always boring and repetitive.)

In travel contexts, a long bus ride through the desert might be described as خسته کننده, not because the scenery isn't beautiful in its own way, but because the lack of change over many hours induces a specific type of Iranian 'delsardi' (cold-heartedness or lack of enthusiasm). It's a word that resonates deeply with the modern urban experience in cities like Tehran, where the grind can often feel relentless.

The most common pitfall for English speakers learning Persian is the 'I am boring' vs. 'I am bored' distinction. In English, we use the -ed suffix for the feeling (bored) and -ing for the cause (boring). In Persian, these are two completely different words: خسته (khasteh) means 'tired/bored' (the feeling), while خسته کننده (khasteh-konandeh) means 'boring' (the cause).

❌ Mistake: من خیلی خسته کننده هستم. (Man kheyli khasteh-konandeh hastam.)

Meaning: I am a very boring person. (Unless you mean to insult yourself, this is wrong!)

✅ Correct: من خیلی خسته هستم. (Man kheyli khasteh hastam.)

Meaning: I am very tired/bored.

Another mistake is overusing it. While خسته کننده is perfectly fine, using it for everything makes your Persian sound repetitive (ironically, 'khasteh-konandeh'). For more specific types of boredom, try ملال‌آور (malāl-āvar) for something that causes deep melancholy, or یکنواخت (yek-navākht) for something that is monotonous or 'monotone'.

To enrich your vocabulary, it is helpful to look at words that share the semantic space of خسته کننده. Each has a slightly different flavor:

  • کسل‌کننده (Kesel-konandeh): Very close to boring, but often implies a sense of lethargy or making one feel sluggish.
  • ملال‌آور (Malāl-āvar): A more literary and heavy word. It suggests a boredom that brings about sadness or a sense of existential weariness.
  • یکنواخت (Yek-navākht): Literally 'one-rhythm'. It means monotonous or repetitive. Use this for a voice that doesn't change pitch or a landscape that never changes.
  • بی‌روح (Bi-rooh): Literally 'soulless'. Used for things that lack life, excitement, or energy.
  • تکراری (Tekrāri): Repetitive. Often used when something is boring because you've seen or heard it many times before.

Understanding these nuances allows you to be more precise. If a movie is just 'meh', it's khasteh-konandeh. If a bureaucratic process makes you want to cry from the sheer pointlessness of it, it's malāl-āvar.

How Formal Is It?

난이도

알아야 할 문법

Ezafe construction

Compound adjectives with -konandeh

Comparative and Superlative suffixes

Present and Past participles

Subject-Adjective agreement

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수준별 예문

1

این کتاب خسته کننده است.

This book is boring.

Simple subject + adjective + verb.

2

فیلم خسته کننده بود.

The movie was boring.

Past tense of 'to be'.

3

او خسته کننده است.

He/She is boring.

Describing a person's personality.

4

درس خسته کننده است؟

Is the lesson boring?

Interrogative sentence.

5

امروز خسته کننده بود.

Today was boring.

Adjective describing a day.

6

این بازی خسته کننده است.

This game is boring.

Demonstrative pronoun 'in'.

7

مدرسه خسته کننده است.

School is boring.

General statement.

8

نانوایی خسته کننده است.

The bakery (waiting) is boring.

Contextual usage.

1

این فیلم خیلی خسته کننده است.

This movie is very boring.

Use of intensifier 'kheyli'.

2

کلاس تاریخ واقعاً خسته کننده بود.

The history class was really boring.

Use of 'vāghe'an'.

3

من یک کار خسته کننده دارم.

I have a boring job.

Adjective modifying a noun with Ezafe.

4

چرا این موسیقی خسته کننده است؟

Why is this music boring?

Question word 'cherā'.

5

زندگی بدون دوستان خسته کننده است.

Life without friends is boring.

Prepositional phrase 'bedun-e'.

6

او همیشه داستان‌های خسته کننده می‌گوید.

He always tells boring stories.

Plural noun with adjective.

7

این سفر کمی خسته کننده بود.

This trip was a bit boring.

Adverb 'kami' (a bit).

8

تلویزیون برنامه‌های خسته کننده دارد.

The TV has boring programs.

Verb 'dāshtan' (to have).

1

این کتاب از آن فیلم خسته کننده تر است.

This book is more boring than that movie.

Comparative form '-tar'.

2

فکر می‌کنم این سخنرانی خسته کننده باشد.

I think this speech might be boring.

Subjunctive mood 'bāshad'.

3

او به خاطر کارهای خسته کننده استعفا داد.

He resigned because of boring tasks.

Reasoning with 'be khāter-e'.

4

هیچ چیز خسته کننده تر از انتظار نیست.

Nothing is more boring than waiting.

Superlative sense in comparison.

5

من معمولاً از فیلم‌های خسته کننده دوری می‌کنم.

I usually avoid boring movies.

Present habitual tense.

6

این یک بحث خسته کننده و بی‌پایان است.

This is a boring and endless debate.

Compound adjectives.

7

او با صدای خسته کننده ای حرف می‌زد.

He was talking with a boring voice.

Indefinite 'i' suffix.

8

روزهای قرنطینه بسیار خسته کننده بودند.

The quarantine days were very boring.

Plural subject and verb.

1

ماهیت خسته کننده این شغل مرا آزار می‌دهد.

The boring nature of this job bothers me.

Abstract noun 'māhiyat'.

2

او سعی کرد از فضای خسته کننده مهمانی فرار کند.

He tried to escape the boring atmosphere of the party.

Complex sentence structure.

3

برخی منتقدان این رمان را خسته کننده توصیف کردند.

Some critics described this novel as boring.

Verb 'towsif kardan'.

4

تکرار این حرکات ورزشی می‌تواند خسته کننده شود.

Repeating these exercise moves can become boring.

Modal verb 'tavānestan'.

5

او از سبک زندگی خسته کننده خود خسته شده بود.

He was tired of his boring lifestyle.

Contrast between 'khasteh-konandeh' and 'khasteh'.

6

این مستند به طرز خسته کننده ای طولانی بود.

This documentary was boringly long.

Adverbial phrase 'be tarz-e'.

7

نباید اجازه دهیم رابطه مان خسته کننده شود.

We shouldn't let our relationship become boring.

Negative imperative.

8

سخنان او به شدت خسته کننده و تکراری بود.

His words were extremely boring and repetitive.

Intensifier 'be sheddat'.

1

ملال ناشی از کارهای خسته کننده روزمره.

The boredom resulting from boring daily tasks.

High-level vocabulary 'malāl'.

2

او با لحنی خسته کننده به تشریح جزئیات پرداخت.

He proceeded to explain the details in a boring tone.

Complex verb 'be tashrih pardākht'.

3

ساختار خسته کننده بروکراسی مانع پیشرفت است.

The boring structure of bureaucracy hinders progress.

Political/Academic context.

4

این رویکرد خسته کننده دیگر در بازار جواب نمی‌دهد.

This boring approach no longer works in the market.

Business context.

5

نویسنده آگاهانه فضایی خسته کننده خلق کرده است.

The author has consciously created a boring atmosphere.

Literary analysis.

6

توالی خسته کننده حوادث در این نمایشنامه.

The boring sequence of events in this play.

Noun 'tavāli' (sequence).

7

او از تکرار خسته کننده شعارهای سیاسی بیزار است.

He loathes the boring repetition of political slogans.

Verb 'bizār budan'.

8

این مقاله به شکلی خسته کننده به مسائل بدیهی می‌پردازد.

This article deals with obvious issues in a boring way.

Critical tone.

1

تقلیل مفاهیم پیچیده به گزاره‌های خسته کننده.

Reducing complex concepts to boring propositions.

Philosophical terminology.

2

او در دام یکنواختی خسته کننده ای گرفتار شده است.

He is trapped in a boring monotony.

Metaphorical usage.

3

پرهیز از اطناب خسته کننده در نگارش متون علمی.

Avoiding boring verbosity in writing scientific texts.

Formal term 'etnāb' (verbosity).

4

این اثر هنری بازتابی از پوچی خسته کننده مدرنیته است.

This artwork is a reflection of the boring absurdity of modernity.

Abstract critique.

5

تکرار ملال‌آور و خسته کننده الگوهای رفتاری.

The tedious and boring repetition of behavioral patterns.

Psychological context.

6

او با مهارتی خاص، موضوعی خسته کننده را جذاب کرد.

With a specific skill, he made a boring subject attractive.

Contrastive structure.

7

تجربه خسته کننده زیستن در یک جامعه بسته.

The boring experience of living in a closed society.

Sociological context.

8

او از ابتذال خسته کننده رسانه‌های جمعی انتقاد کرد.

He criticized the boring banality of mass media.

Sophisticated vocabulary 'ebtezāl'.

자주 쓰는 조합

فیلم خسته کننده
کتاب خسته کننده
کار خسته کننده
سخنرانی خسته کننده
روز خسته کننده
بحث خسته کننده
صدای خسته کننده
انتظار خسته کننده
مسیر خسته کننده
زندگی خسته کننده

자주 쓰는 구문

خیلی خسته کننده است
واقعاً خسته کننده بود
چقدر خسته کننده!
یک موضوع خسته کننده
به طرز خسته کننده ای
خسته کننده و طولانی
خسته کننده و تکراری
اصلاً خسته کننده نیست
کمی خسته کننده
بیش از حد خسته کننده

자주 혼동되는 단어

خسته کننده vs خسته

خسته کننده vs خشمگین

خسته کننده vs خنده دار

관용어 및 표현

"حوصله سر بر"
"روده درازی کردن (leading to boredom)"
"مغز کسی را خوردن (with boring talk)"
"مثل زهر مار (sometimes used for boring/bad things)"
"وقت تلف کردن"
"آب بستن به چیزی (making it boringly long)"
"یک غاز و دو غاز کردن"
"درجا زدن"
"جون به لب کردن"
"کشتن وقت"

혼동하기 쉬운

خسته کننده vs

خسته کننده vs

خسته کننده vs

خسته کننده vs

خسته کننده vs

문장 패턴

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사용법

nuance

Can mean both mentally boring and physically draining.

frequency

Very high in daily speech.

자주 하는 실수
  • Using 'khasteh' instead of 'khasteh-konandeh'.
  • Forgetting the Ezafe when modifying a noun.
  • Using it to describe bad-tasting food.
  • Pluralizing the adjective.
  • Confusing it with 'khosh-konandeh' (drying).

팁

The Suffix

The suffix '-konandeh' always indicates the cause of a feeling.

Expand

Try using 'kesel-konandeh' for variety in your speech.

Intonation

Drag out the word to show how bored you really are.

Politeness

Be careful using this word about someone's hobby or work.

Adjective Order

Remember it comes after the noun with an Ezafe.

Context

If you hear 'khasteh', look for the 'konandeh' to know if they are bored or boring.

Association

Associate it with a long, grey wall.

Common Pair

Often paired with 'tūlāni' (long).

Self-Description

Avoid saying 'Man khasteh-konandeh hastam'!

Tiring vs Boring

In Persian, these two concepts often merge into this one word.

암기하기

어원

Middle Persian

문화적 맥락

Often used in film reviews in Iranian magazines.

Avoid calling a gift or a meal 'khasteh-konandeh'.

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

대화 시작하기

"آیا این فیلم خسته کننده است؟"

"چرا امروز اینقدر خسته کننده بود؟"

"به نظر تو چه چیزی خسته کننده است؟"

"چطور از کارهای خسته کننده دوری می‌کنی؟"

"کدام کتاب برایت خسته کننده بود؟"

일기 주제

درباره یک روز خسته کننده بنویسید.

چرا بعضی از کارها خسته کننده هستند؟

چگونه یک موضوع خسته کننده را جذاب کنیم؟

آیا زندگی بدون تکنولوژی خسته کننده است؟

خسته کننده ترین فیلمی که دیده‌اید چه بود؟

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

Yes, but it means the person is boring to be around. It is a bit rude.

Khasteh is how you feel (tired). Khasteh-konandeh is what makes you feel that way (boring).

It is used in both, but very common in informal speech.

Khasteh-konandeh-tarin.

Yes, if the work is repetitive and dull, it is both boring and tiring.

Malāl-āvar or Yek-navākht.

No, the adjective stays the same.

Yes, it usually implies a lack of quality or interest.

Man hoseleh-am sar rafteh (idiom) or Man khasteh hastam.

Usually no, use 'bi-mazeh' (tasteless) instead.

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셀프 테스트 180 질문

/ 180 correct

Perfect score!

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