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B1 noun 9분 분량

رشد

roshd
예시 رشد 30초 만에
설명 رشد in your Level:
At the A1 level, you can think of 'رشد' (roshd) as a simple word for 'growing.' You will mostly hear it in the context of children or plants. For example, if you see a tall child, you might hear 'او رشد کرده است' (He has grown). At this stage, don't worry about economic or psychological meanings. Just remember that it means something is getting bigger. It is often used with 'kardan' (to do/make) to mean 'to grow.' Think of a small seed becoming a big tree; that process is 'roshd.' Focus on the physical aspect first. It's a useful word to know when talking about your family or your garden.
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For A2 learners, 'رشد' becomes a bit more common in daily conversations. You might use it to talk about your skills, like 'رشد در زبان فارسی' (growth in the Persian language). You will also notice it in compound words. You should start to recognize that 'roshd' is a noun, but 'roshd kardan' is the action. You might hear it on the news when they talk about a city growing or prices of things slightly increasing. It's a positive word. If you are learning about hobbies, you can use it to describe how your interest in something has 'grown' over time. It's a step up from just saying things are 'good' or 'big.'
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At the B1 level, you should understand 'رشد' in a variety of contexts: biological, economic, and personal. You can now use phrases like 'رشد اقتصادی' (economic growth) or 'رشد شخصی' (personal growth). You should be able to distinguish between 'roshd' and 'afzayesh' (increase). You'll see this word in newspapers and hear it in more formal discussions. You should be comfortable using it to describe trends. For example, 'رشد جمعیت در ایران' (population growth in Iran). You are moving beyond simple physical growth to abstract concepts of development. This is where the word really becomes a powerful tool in your vocabulary.
B2 learners should use 'رشد' with precision. You should be able to discuss the factors that lead to 'رشد پایدار' (sustainable growth) or the consequences of 'عدم رشد' (lack of growth). You will encounter this word in academic texts and professional reports. You should also be familiar with related words like 'رشد یافته' (developed/grown) and 'رو به رشد' (growing/developing). You can use it to describe complex psychological states or sophisticated economic theories. At this level, you should also be aware of the nuances between 'roshd' and 'tose'e' (development), using each in their proper context during debates or presentations.
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At the C1 level, 'رشد' is a word you use to analyze and critique. You might discuss 'رشد نامتوازن' (unbalanced growth) in urban planning or 'رشد فزاینده' (exponential growth) in technology. You understand the historical and etymological roots of the word. You can use it in literary contexts, perhaps discussing the 'roshd' of a character in a novel. You are also aware of idiomatic expressions and can use the word with a high degree of stylistic flexibility. You can write essays comparing different types of 'roshd' and how they impact society. Your usage is indistinguishable from a native speaker's in formal and professional settings.
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For C2 learners, 'رشد' is a concept you can deconstruct. You might engage in philosophical discussions about the nature of 'roshd' itself—whether it is always desirable or if there is a limit to it. You can use the word in highly specialized fields like developmental biology, macroeconomics, or mystical poetry with absolute accuracy. You recognize the word's resonance in classical Persian literature and its evolution into modern technical jargon. You can use 'roshd' to create metaphors and subtle rhetorical points. You are fully comfortable with all its collocations, even the most obscure ones, and can use it to express the finest shades of meaning in any discourse.
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예시

رشد 30초 만에

  • Roshd (رشد) is the primary Persian word for 'growth' or 'development'.
  • It is used for biological, economic, and personal contexts.
  • It is a noun but often forms the verb 'roshd kardan' (to grow).
  • It is generally a positive term indicating progress or increase.

The Persian word رشد (pronounced 'roshd') is a fundamental noun that encompasses the concepts of growth, development, and maturation. While it is often used in biological contexts to describe the physical increase in size of a living organism, its usage in modern Persian has expanded significantly into the realms of economics, psychology, and social sciences. At its core, it signifies a progression from a simpler or smaller state to a more complex, larger, or more advanced one. Whether you are discussing the way a child grows, the expansion of a national economy, or the personal development of an individual's character, this is the essential term you will encounter. It is a word that carries a positive connotation of progress and vitality, suggesting that something is moving forward and flourishing.

Biological Context
Refers to the physical growth of plants, animals, and humans. It covers everything from cellular division to the height of a teenager.

این گیاه در نور خورشید رشد سریعی دارد. (This plant has rapid growth in sunlight.)

Economic Context
Used to describe the increase in Gross Domestic Product (GDP), market value, or the expansion of a business enterprise.

رشد اقتصادی کشور در سال گذشته چشمگیر بود. (The country's economic growth last year was remarkable.)

Beyond the tangible, 'roshd' is deeply embedded in the discourse of self-improvement. Terms like 'roshd-e fardi' (personal growth) are ubiquitous in modern Iranian culture, reflecting a societal emphasis on education and psychological maturity. It is not just about getting bigger; it is about becoming better. In educational settings, 'roshd-e fekri' (intellectual growth) is a primary goal, emphasizing the development of critical thinking and wisdom. This multi-faceted nature makes 'roshd' a high-frequency word that appears in news headlines, academic journals, and daily conversations about children and gardens alike.

Psychological Context
Describes the emotional and mental maturation of a person throughout their lifespan.

سفر به تنهایی باعث رشد شخصیتی می‌شود. (Traveling alone causes personality growth.)

ما شاهد رشد تکنولوژی در دهه اخیر بوده‌ایم. (We have witnessed the growth of technology in the last decade.)

In summary, 'roshd' is a versatile and essential noun for any Persian learner. It bridges the gap between the physical world and the abstract world of ideas and finance. Understanding its various applications allows a speaker to participate in a wide range of discussions, from the mundane to the highly professional. It is the heartbeat of any conversation regarding progress.

Using 'رشد' correctly requires understanding its role as a noun and its common partnerships with verbs and adjectives. In its simplest form, it acts as the subject or object of a sentence. For example, 'رشد متوقف شد' (The growth stopped). However, most learners will encounter it as part of a noun phrase or a compound verb. The most common way to express the action of growing is by using the compound verb رشد کردن. This verb is intransitive, meaning it doesn't take a direct object in the same way 'to grow a plant' does in English (for that, Persians use 'parvaresh dadan').

As a Subject
When the growth itself is the focus of the sentence.

رشد جمعیت در این شهر بسیار بالاست. (Population growth in this city is very high.)

With Adjectives
Common adjectives include 'sari' (fast), 'kond' (slow), 'cheshmgir' (remarkable), and 'paydar' (sustainable).

آن‌ها به دنبال رشد پایدار هستند. (They are looking for sustainable growth.)

Another important usage is the Ezafe construction (using the short 'e' sound to link words). For instance, 'رشدِ کودک' (the growth of the child) or 'رشدِ مو' (hair growth). In formal writing, you might see 'رشد و نمو' used as a pair, which is a poetic and comprehensive way to say 'growth and development,' often referring to nature or upbringing. When talking about numbers, 'roshd' implies an upward trend. If a stock price goes up, you say it had 'roshd'. If children are hitting their milestones, you talk about their 'roshd'.

In Compound Verbs
The most common way to use it as an action.

بچه‌ها در محیطی شاد رشد می‌کنند. (Children grow in a happy environment.)

قیمت طلا رشد زیادی داشته است. (The price of gold has had a lot of growth/increase.)

Finally, remember that 'roshd' can be modified by 'adam-e' (lack of) to express the opposite. 'عدم رشد' means a lack of growth or stunted development. This is frequently used in medical or economic reports to highlight issues that need addressing.

If you turn on a Persian news broadcast, such as IRINN or BBC Persian, you are almost guaranteed to hear the word 'رشد' within the first ten minutes, especially during the economic segment. Newscasters use it to describe market fluctuations, inflation rates (though usually 'afzayesh' is used for prices, 'roshd' is used for the economy as a whole), and industrial production. In this context, it sounds formal and objective. However, its usage is not limited to the ivory towers of finance. You will hear it in pediatricians' offices when they discuss a baby's 'chart-e roshd' (growth chart) with concerned parents.

News & Media
Used for statistics, national progress, and global trends.

گزارش‌ها نشان‌دهنده رشد مثبت در بخش کشاورزی است. (Reports indicate positive growth in the agricultural sector.)

In Schools
Teachers use it to discuss the academic and social development of students.

هدف ما رشد همه‌جانبه دانش‌آموزان است. (Our goal is the all-around growth of the students.)

In the workplace, 'roshd-e kari' (career growth) is a major topic during performance reviews and job interviews. Employees might ask about the 'faza-ye roshd' (space/opportunity for growth) within a company. Furthermore, in the tech world, 'growth hacking' is translated directly as 'هک رشد', a term used by startups in Tehran's bustling tech hubs. From the garden where an old man talks about his 'roshd-e gol-ha' (growth of flowers) to the boardroom, 'roshd' is a constant presence.

Professional Environment
Refers to promotions, skill acquisition, and company expansion.

این شرکت فرصت‌های خوبی برای رشد فراهم می‌کند. (This company provides good opportunities for growth.)

رشد سریع این استارتاپ همه را شگفت‌زده کرد. (The rapid growth of this startup surprised everyone.)

Ultimately, 'roshd' is a word that signals life and activity. Whether it is the 'roshd-e ghighat' (price growth) discussed at the dinner table or the 'roshd-e ma'navi' (spiritual growth) discussed in a mosque or circle of friends, it is a word that defines the Iranian experience of moving through time and space.

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make when learning 'رشد' is confusing it with 'بزرگ شدن' (bozorg shodan). While both can mean 'to grow,' 'bozorg shodan' is more casual and specifically refers to getting older or bigger in physical size, like a child growing up. 'Roshd kardan' is more formal and often implies a process of development or maturation. You wouldn't typically say a business 'bozorg shod' if you mean it developed professionally; you would use 'roshd kard'.

Confusion with 'Tose'e'
'Roshd' is quantitative (more, bigger), while 'Tose'e' (development) is qualitative (better, more complex). Mixing these up in an academic or business setting can change your meaning.

اشتباه: اقتصاد بزرگ شد. درست: اقتصاد رشد کرد. (Wrong: The economy got big. Right: The economy grew.)

Transitive Usage
In English, you can 'grow' a plant (transitive). In Persian, you cannot 'roshd kardan' a plant. You must use 'parvaresh dadan' (to nurture/raise).

اشتباه: من گل‌ها را رشد می‌دهم. درست: من گل‌ها را پرورش می‌دهم. (Wrong: I grow flowers. Right: I nurture/raise flowers.)

Another subtle mistake is the use of 'roshd' for negative increases. In English, we might say 'the growth of a tumor' or 'the growth of crime'. While 'roshd' can be used for tumors (medical context), for crime or inflation, Persians prefer 'afzayesh' (increase) or 'gostaresh' (spread). Using 'roshd' for something negative can sometimes sound like you are praising its progress, which can be awkward or insensitive.

Negative Contexts
Avoid using 'roshd' for things like 'crime' or 'poverty'. Use 'afzayesh' instead.

بهتر است بگوییم: افزایش جرم، نه رشد جرم. (Better to say: increase in crime, not growth of crime.)

اشتباه: رشد تورم. درست: افزایش تورم. (Though 'roshd' is sometimes used for inflation rates in technical news, 'afzayesh' is more natural for the general public.)

Lastly, be careful with the word 'baloogh' (puberty/maturity). While 'roshd' is the process, 'baloogh' is the specific stage of reaching adulthood. Using them interchangeably can lead to confusion in developmental discussions.

Persian is rich with words that describe change and progression. Understanding the nuances between 'رشد' and its synonyms will elevate your fluency from B1 to C1. The most common alternative is توسعه (tose'e). While 'roshd' focuses on size and quantity, 'tose'e' focuses on infrastructure, quality, and complexity. An economy can have 'roshd' (more money) without 'tose'e' (better schools/hospitals), though they usually go together.

Roshd vs. Tose'e
Roshd is 'Growth' (quantitative); Tose'e is 'Development' (qualitative).

ما به توسعه پایدار نیاز داریم. (We need sustainable development.)

Roshd vs. Pishraft
'Pishraft' means 'Progress'. It is used when you are moving toward a goal or overcoming an obstacle.

او در درس‌هایش پیشرفت خوبی داشته است. (He has made good progress in his lessons.)

Another word to consider is تعالی (ta'ali), which means 'transcendence' or 'exaltation'. This is a highly formal and spiritual word, used for the growth of the soul or the highest levels of human achievement. While 'roshd-e ma'navi' is common, 'ta'ali-ye rooh' is the poetic, literary version. For physical increase in numbers or height, افزایش (afzayesh) is the most neutral term. If you want to say 'The number of students grew,' you would likely use 'afzayesh' rather than 'roshd'.

Roshd vs. Afzayesh
Afzayesh is 'Increase'. It is used for prices, counts, and temperatures.

افزایش قیمت بنزین نگران‌کننده است. (The increase in gasoline prices is worrying.)

گیاهان برای نمو به خاک حاصلخیز نیاز دارند. (Plants need fertile soil for growth/vegetation.)

By choosing the right word, you show that you understand the context of the change. 'Roshd' remains the most versatile, but 'tose'e' and 'pishraft' are your best friends for sounding more professional and precise.

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수준별 예문

1

این گل رشد می‌کند.

This flower grows.

Simple present tense with 'kardan'.

2

بچه رشد کرده است.

The baby has grown.

Present perfect tense.

3

درخت بزرگ است و رشد دارد.

The tree is big and has growth.

'Roshd' used as a noun with 'dashtan'.

4

آیا شما رشد می‌کنید؟

Are you growing?

Question form.

5

رشد گیاه خوب است.

The plant's growth is good.

Ezafe construction 'roshd-e giyah'.

6

ما رشد را دوست داریم.

We like growth.

Direct object with 'ra'.

7

رشد سریع.

Fast growth.

Noun-adjective pair.

8

آب برای رشد لازم است.

Water is necessary for growth.

Prepositional phrase 'baraye roshd'.

1

او در کارش رشد کرده است.

He has grown in his work.

Metaphorical use of physical growth.

2

رشد این شهر زیاد است.

The growth of this city is much.

Abstract noun usage.

3

من برای رشد شخصی مطالعه می‌کنم.

I study for personal growth.

Common phrase 'roshd-e shakhsi'.

4

رشد قد او متوقف شد.

His height growth stopped.

Compound noun phrase.

5

ما شاهد رشد تکنولوژی هستیم.

We are witnessing the growth of technology.

Present continuous sense.

6

رشد اقتصادی مهم است.

Economic growth is important.

Adjective 'eghtesadi' modifying 'roshd'.

7

این کتاب به رشد شما کمک می‌کند.

This book helps your growth.

Indirect object.

8

رشد موهای من سریع است.

My hair growth is fast.

Plural ezafe.

1

رشد جمعیت چالش‌های جدیدی ایجاد کرده است.

Population growth has created new challenges.

Complex subject.

2

آن‌ها به دنبال رشد پایدار در شرکت هستند.

They are looking for sustainable growth in the company.

Professional collocation.

3

رشد فکری کودکان از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است.

Children's intellectual growth is of high importance.

Formal 'barkhordar ast' construction.

4

دولت برای رشد صادرات تلاش می‌کند.

The government is striving for export growth.

Purpose phrase.

5

بدون سرمایه‌گذاری، رشد ممکن نیست.

Without investment, growth is not possible.

Conditional context.

6

رشد سریع قیمت‌ها نگران‌کننده است.

The rapid growth of prices is worrying.

Noun phrase as subject.

7

او در این محیط فضای رشد پیدا کرد.

He found space for growth in this environment.

Metaphorical 'faza-ye roshd'.

8

رشد و نمو گیاهان به نور بستگی دارد.

The growth and development of plants depends on light.

Paired nouns 'roshd o namov'.

1

رشد متوازن مناطق محروم از اولویت‌های دولت است.

Balanced growth of deprived areas is a government priority.

Formal political language.

2

ما باید بر رشد مهارت‌های نرم تمرکز کنیم.

We must focus on the growth of soft skills.

Modern professional terminology.

3

رشد فزاینده شهرنشینی مشکلاتی را به همراه دارد.

The increasing growth of urbanization brings problems.

Complex participle 'fazayande'.

4

این سیاست‌ها مانع رشد بخش خصوصی شده است.

These policies have hindered the growth of the private sector.

Causal relationship.

5

رشد معنوی نیازمند خودشناسی است.

Spiritual growth requires self-knowledge.

Philosophical context.

6

نرخ رشد تورم در حال کاهش است.

The growth rate of inflation is decreasing.

Technical economic phrasing.

7

رشد بی‌رویه جمعیت می‌تواند فاجعه‌بار باشد.

Uncontrolled population growth can be catastrophic.

Strong adjective 'bi-ravi-ye'.

8

او به مرحله‌ای از رشد رسیده که مستقل عمل کند.

He has reached a stage of growth where he acts independently.

Relative clause.

1

رشد کیفی تولیدات بر رشد کمی آن‌ها مقدم است.

Qualitative growth of products takes precedence over quantitative growth.

Comparative academic structure.

2

تحلیلگران نگران رشد حباب‌گونه در بازار مسکن هستند.

Analysts are worried about bubble-like growth in the housing market.

Metaphorical adjective 'hobab-goone'.

3

رشد آگاهی عمومی زیربنای تغییرات اجتماعی است.

The growth of public awareness is the foundation of social changes.

Sociological terminology.

4

این نظریه بر رشد تکاملی جوامع تاکید دارد.

This theory emphasizes the evolutionary growth of societies.

Scientific/Theoretical context.

5

رشد سرسام‌آور تکنولوژی اخلاق را به چالش کشیده است.

The staggering growth of technology has challenged ethics.

Intense adjective 'sarsam-avar'.

6

او در نوشته‌هایش به رشد درونی انسان می‌پردازد.

In his writings, he deals with the inner growth of man.

Literary analysis.

7

رشد منفی در این صنعت به معنای بحران است.

Negative growth in this industry means crisis.

Oxymoronic technical term.

8

رشد همه‌جانبه شخصیت در گرو آموزش صحیح است.

All-around personality growth depends on correct education.

Formal idiom 'dar gerov-e'.

1

پارادایم‌های جدید، رشد را فراتر از اعداد و ارقام می‌بینند.

New paradigms see growth beyond numbers and figures.

High-level intellectual discourse.

2

رشد دیالکتیکی اندیشه در گرو تضاد آراست.

The dialectical growth of thought depends on the conflict of opinions.

Philosophical terminology.

3

استراتژی‌های رشد محور باید با ملاحظات زیست‌محیطی همراه باشند.

Growth-oriented strategies must be accompanied by environmental considerations.

Policy-level compound adjective.

4

رشد ناهمگون بخش‌های مختلف، ساختار قدرت را متزلزل کرد.

The heterogeneous growth of different sectors destabilized the power structure.

Political science analysis.

5

در این منظومه فکری، رشد غایتی متعالی دارد.

In this intellectual system, growth has a transcendent end.

Formal mystical/philosophical tone.

6

رشد فزاینده شکاف طبقاتی تهدیدی برای انسجام ملی است.

The increasing growth of the class gap is a threat to national cohesion.

Sociopolitical critique.

7

او در پی تبیین مکانیسم‌های رشد در سیستم‌های پیچیده است.

He seeks to explain the mechanisms of growth in complex systems.

Scientific research context.

8

رشد ارگانیک یک برند به اصالت آن بستگی دارد.

The organic growth of a brand depends on its authenticity.

Modern marketing jargon.

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