Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'raha tha' for actions in progress in the past, and 'karta tha' for repeated habits.
- Use 'raha tha' for ongoing actions: 'Main so raha tha' (I was sleeping).
- Use 'karta tha' for past habits: 'Main roz khelta tha' (I used to play daily).
- Both change based on gender and number: 'Woh (f) ja rahi thi' vs 'Woh (f) jaati thi'.
Overview
How This Grammar Works
I was watching Netflix when you called.
Main Netflix dekh raha tha.향수(nostalgia) 시제입니다.I used to live in Mumbai.
Main Mumbai mein rehta tha.
Formation Pattern
raha/rahe/rahi + tha/the/thi)
bolna → bol).
raha (남성 단수), rahe (남성 복수/존대), rahi (여성).
tha (남성 단수), the (남성 복수/존대), thi (여성 단수), thin (여성 복수).
khel - 놀다) |
raha | tha | Main khel raha tha. (나는 놀고 있었다) |
rahi | thi | Main khel rahi thi. |
raha | tha | Woh khel raha tha. |
rahi | thi | Woh khel rahi thi. |
rahe | the | Hum khel rahe the. |
rahi | thin | Hum khel rahi thin. |
tha/the/thi)
ta (남성 단수), te (남성 복수/존대), ti (여성).
Main cricket khelta tha. (나는 크리켓을 하곤 했다.)
Main cricket khelti thi.
Hum cricket khelte the.
When To Use It
해가 지고 있었다...(
Suraj doob raha tha...)배달원이 벨을 눌렀을 때 나는 자고 있었다.(
Main so raha tha...)그녀가 노래하는 동안 나는 운전하고 있었다.(
Main gaadi chala raha tha...)나는 흙을 먹곤 했다.(거짓말 마세요, 우리 다 그랬잖아요.) (
Main mitti khata tha.)재택근무 전에는, 매일 사무실에 가곤 했다.(
Main roz office jaata tha.)그녀는 프랑스어를 알았다.(
Woh French jaanti thi. - 안다는 것은 상태이므로 습관/사실처럼 취급합니다.)
Common Mistakes
Main khata tha - 먹곤 했다)을 말하고 싶을 때 단순 과거(Maine khaya - 먹었다)를 자주 씁니다. 단순 과거는 *한 번*의 특정 시간입니다. 습관은 *여러 번*입니다.Jab main chhota tha, main school gaya. (어렸을 때, 학교에 [한 번] 갔다.)Jab main chhota tha, main school jaata tha. (어렸을 때, 학교에 다니곤 했다.)raha를 rahi로, ta를 ti로 바꾸는 걸 잊지 마세요. 힌디어에서는 문법만으로 성별이 바로 드러납니다!tha/the/thi를 빼먹는 것. 그냥 Main ja raha라고만 하면 «나 가는 중»(현재)이나 불완전한 문장처럼 들립니다.Contrast With Similar Patterns
단순 과거 vs. 과거 습관
가장 큰 걸림돌입니다. 자문해보세요: 한 번 일어난 일인가요, 아니면 루틴이었나요?
* 단순:
어제 그 영화 봤어.(일회성) →
Maine kal woh movie dekhi.
* 습관:
일요일마다 만화를 보곤 했어.(루틴) →
Main har Sunday cartoons dekhta tha.
현재 진행형 vs. 과거 진행형
* 현재: Main ja raha hun. (나 가는 중이야 - 지금.)
* 과거: Main ja raha tha. (나 가고 있었어 - 그때.)
마지막 단어만 바뀝니다 (hun → tha). 쉽죠!
Quick FAQ
아니요. Main cricket khel raha tha는 구체적으로 «(그 순간에) 크리켓을 하고 있었다»는 뜻입니다. 정기적으로 했다는 뜻은 아닙니다. 습관에는 khelta tha를 쓰세요.
영어로는 was knowing이라고 안 하죠. 힌디어에서도 '알다'(jaanna)나 '좋아하다'(pasand karna) 같은 동사는 능동적인 과정이 아니라 상태이기 때문에 보통 습관 형태를 취합니다. Main use jaanta tha (나는 그를 알고 있었다).
thin (여성 복수)이 뭔가요? 잘 못 봤는데요.여성 복수형 «있었다»입니다. Ladkiyan padh rahi thin (소녀들은 읽고 있었다). 문자할 때는 비음 'n' 소리가 미묘해서 그냥 thi라고 쓰는 경우가 많습니다. 하지만 문법적으로는 점(anusvara)이 복수를 만듭니다!
네! 연장자나 격식 있는 상황(Aap 사용)에서는 항상 복수형 어미(te / rahe + the)를 사용하세요.
Papa so rahe the (so raha tha 아님 - 그건 무례해요!).Past Continuous vs. Habitual Conjugation
| Subject | Continuous (Masc) | Continuous (Fem) | Habitual (Masc) | Habitual (Fem) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Main
|
raha tha
|
rahi thi
|
ta tha
|
ti thi
|
|
Tu
|
raha tha
|
rahi thi
|
ta tha
|
ti thi
|
|
Tum
|
rahe the
|
rahi thin
|
te the
|
ti thin
|
|
Aap
|
rahe the
|
rahi thin
|
te the
|
ti thin
|
|
Woh (sg)
|
raha tha
|
rahi thi
|
ta tha
|
ti thi
|
|
Hum
|
rahe the
|
rahi thin
|
te the
|
ti thin
|
Meanings
This grammar distinguishes between a specific ongoing event in the past and a recurring past habit.
Past Continuous
An action that was in progress at a specific time in the past.
“Main kal TV dekh raha tha.”
“Woh baarish mein khel rahe the.”
Past Habitual
An action that happened repeatedly or was a routine in the past.
“Main bachpan mein cycle chalata tha.”
“Woh roz school jaati thi.”
Reference Table
| 주어 | 진행형 (~하고 있었다) | 습관형 (~하곤 했다) | 의미 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Main (남성)
|
bol raha tha
|
bolta tha
|
나는 말하고 있었다 / 말하곤 했다
|
|
Main (여성)
|
bol rahi thi
|
bolti thi
|
나는 말하고 있었다 / 말하곤 했다
|
|
Woh (남성)
|
bol raha tha
|
bolta tha
|
그는 말하고 있었다 / 말하곤 했다
|
|
Woh (여성)
|
bol rahi thi
|
bolti thi
|
그녀는 말하고 있었다 / 말하곤 했다
|
|
Tum (남성)
|
bol rahe the
|
bolte the
|
너는 말하고 있었다 / 말하곤 했다
|
|
Aap/Ve (존칭/복수)
|
bol rahe the
|
bolte the
|
당신은/그들은 말하고 있었다 / 하곤 했다
|
격식 수준 스펙트럼
Main bhojan kar raha tha. (General)
Main khana kha raha tha. (General)
Main kha raha tha. (General)
Main kha raha tha. (General)
힌디 과거 시제 타임라인
진행형 (진행 중)
- Khel raha tha 놀고 있었다 (비디오 클립)
습관형 (반복됨)
- Khelta tha 놀곤 했다 (사진첩)
단순 과거 (완료)
- Khela 놀았다 (스냅샷)
진행형 vs 습관형 어미 비교
어떤 과거 시제를 쓸까요?
단 한 번 일어난 일인가요?
반복되던 습관이었나요?
다른 사건 중에 진행 중이었나요?
실생활 활용 상황
향수/추억
- • Bachpan mein... (어릴 적에...)
- • Hum khelte the (우리는 놀곤 했어)
변명/해명
- • Main so raha tha (나 자고 있었어)
- • Phone baj raha tha (벨이 울리고 있었어)
이야기하기
- • Baarish ho rahi thi (비가 오고 있었어)
- • Main wait kar raha tha (기다리고 있었어)
수준별 예문
Main so raha tha.
I was sleeping.
Woh khel raha tha.
He was playing.
Main padhta tha.
I used to study.
Woh gaati thi.
She used to sing.
Kya tum TV dekh rahe the?
Were you watching TV?
Main school nahin ja raha tha.
I was not going to school.
Hum roz cricket khelte the.
We used to play cricket daily.
Woh aksar yahan aati thi.
She often used to come here.
Jab baarish ho rahi thi, main ghar par tha.
When it was raining, I was at home.
Bachpan mein hum har garmiyon mein gaon jaate the.
In childhood, we used to go to the village every summer.
Kya woh us waqt kaam kar rahi thi?
Was she working at that time?
Main pehle yahan kaam karta tha.
I used to work here before.
Main padh raha tha jab tumne phone kiya.
I was studying when you called.
Woh hamesha der se aati thi, jo mujhe pasand nahin tha.
She always used to come late, which I didn't like.
Hum soch rahe the ki kya karein.
We were thinking about what to do.
Pehle log zyada paidal chalte the.
People used to walk more in the past.
Woh us waqt apni kahani likh rahi thi, isliye kisi se baat nahin kar rahi thi.
She was writing her story at that time, so she wasn't talking to anyone.
Bachpan mein, main har roz subah jaldi uth kar yoga karta tha.
In my childhood, I used to wake up early every morning to do yoga.
Kya tum us waqt wahi kar rahe the jo maine kaha tha?
Were you doing exactly what I said at that time?
Woh aksar purani yaadon mein kho jaati thi.
She often used to get lost in old memories.
Main us waqt ek aisi duniya mein jee raha tha jahan sab kuch alag tha.
I was living in a world at that time where everything was different.
Woh aksar ghanton tak khidki ke paas baith kar baarish dekha karti thi.
She often used to sit by the window for hours watching the rain.
Hum tab tak intezaar kar rahe the jab tak tum nahin aaye.
We were waiting until you arrived.
Pehle ke zamane mein log ek dusre ko khat likha karte the.
In the old days, people used to write letters to each other.
혼동하기 쉬운
Learners use continuous for completed actions.
Learners use continuous for habits.
Mixing up 'hoon' and 'tha'.
자주 하는 실수
Main ja raha tha kal.
Main kal ja raha tha.
Woh ja raha thi.
Woh ja rahi thi.
Main karta hoon tha.
Main karta tha.
Main raha tha jana.
Main ja raha tha.
Hum ja raha the.
Hum ja rahe the.
Woh roz ja raha tha.
Woh roz jaata tha.
Kya tum khate the?
Kya tum khate the?
Jab main aaya, woh so raha hai.
Jab main aaya, woh so raha tha.
Main bachpan mein khel raha tha.
Main bachpan mein khelta tha.
Woh aksar ja raha tha.
Woh aksar jaata tha.
Woh hamesha bol raha tha.
Woh hamesha bolta tha.
Main wahan ja raha tha har saal.
Main har saal wahan jaata tha.
Woh likh raha tha jab main dekha.
Woh likh raha tha jab maine dekha.
Humne socha ki woh ja raha hai.
Humne socha ki woh ja raha tha.
문장 패턴
Main ___ raha tha.
Main roz ___ tha.
Jab tum aaye, main ___ raha tha.
Bachpan mein, main ___ karta tha.
Real World Usage
Main aa raha tha, par traffic tha.
Main wahan project lead karta tha.
Hum wahan har saal jaate the.
Main khana order kar raha tha.
Main kal party kar raha tha!
Woh us samay padh raha tha.
'Be' 동사의 특별한 규칙
Main tha라고만 해요. Main tha.어른을 향한 존경의 표현
Papa office ja rahe the.
'Tha'와 'Hai'는 섞지 마세요
Main ja raha tha.
상태를 나타내는 동사들
Main jaanta tha.Smart Tips
Use 'raha tha' to set the background.
Use 'karta tha' for all your memories.
Use 'raha tha' to explain why you were late.
Use 'karta tha' for the past and 'karta hoon' for now.
발음
Tha/Thi/The
Ensure the 'th' is aspirated (like 'th' in 'thin').
Question
Kya tum ja rahe the? ↑
Rising intonation at the end for yes/no questions.
암기하기
기억법
Continuous is 'Raha' (Moving/Running), Habitual is 'Ta' (Time/Routine).
시각적 연상
Imagine a 'Raha' runner sprinting (continuous action) and a 'Ta' clock ticking (repeated routine).
Rhyme
Raha tha for action in the flow, Ta tha for habits of long ago.
Story
Yesterday, I was cooking (raha tha). I remembered that in college, I used to cook every day (karta tha). Now, I am eating.
Word Web
챌린지
Write 3 sentences about what you were doing 1 hour ago and 3 sentences about what you used to do as a child.
문화 노트
Habitual forms are often used to describe family traditions.
Use of 'karte the' is very common for respect.
Often drop the 'tha' in very casual speech.
Derived from Sanskrit roots combined with the auxiliary verb 'tha' (to be).
대화 시작하기
Bachpan mein tum kya khelte the?
Jab tumne mujhe call kiya, main kya kar raha tha?
Pehle tum kahan rehte the?
Jab baarish ho rahi thi, tum kya kar rahe the?
일기 주제
자주 하는 실수
Test Yourself
Score: /5
연습 문제
8 exercisesMain kal school ___ raha tha.
Woh roz ___ thi.
Find and fix the mistake:
Main roz ja raha tha.
tha / raha / main / so
I was eating.
Hum ___ rahe the.
Match: 1. Raha tha, 2. Ta tha
Use 'aksar' and 'khelta tha'.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesMain padh ___ ___.
어떤 문장이 습관적 과거인가요?
Hum pizza kha raha tha.
Woh cigarette pee___ ___.
올바른 번역을 고르세요:
Mummy khana bana rahi thi (비격식). -> 존칭으로 바꾸세요.
Tum kya kar ___ ___?
그녀는 답을 알고 있었다.
Main naach raha tha.
Ve hans ___ ___.
올바른 번역을 고르세요:
Hum cricket khel rahe hai (과거로).
Score: /12
자주 묻는 질문 (8)
No, that is incorrect. Use 'karta tha' for habits.
It depends on the gender of the subject.
Yes, it is the standard way to express past habits.
No, 'raha tha' is strictly past.
Default to masculine 'tha' if unsure, but try to learn the gender of the person.
Some verbs like 'chahna' (to want) are often used in habitual forms even for states.
Use 'karte the' for respect.
Yes, it is standard Hindi.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Imperfecto
Hindi uses 'raha' for continuous and 'ta' for habitual, whereas Spanish uses one form for both.
Imparfait
Hindi requires aspectual markers ('raha' vs 'ta') to distinguish.
Präteritum
Hindi explicitly marks the aspect of the action.
Te-ita
Hindi's 'ta tha' is a dedicated habitual form.
Kana + Imperfect
Hindi's gender agreement makes it more complex.
Zai + Verb
Hindi conjugates verbs for gender and number.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
Continue With
관련 동영상
All Continuous English Tenses Explained in Hindi! 🧠 Complete Grammar Lesson 10 Minutes #learnex
Learnex - English lessons through Hindi
15 Minutes में सीखें पूरे Tense in English Grammar with Tricks || Present, Past & Future Tenses
GYANODAY KE GURU JI
15 Minutes बस इसी में खत्म TENSES | TENSES IN ENGLISH GRAMMAR SSC EXAM 2025 | ENGLISH WITH ANANYA
English with Ananya
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