A2 · 초중급 챕터 2

Ongoing Actions and Future Plans

43 총 규칙
449 예문
7

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the flow of time and express your future dreams in Hindi.

  • Describe ongoing past actions and childhood habits.
  • Formulate future plans and conditional 'if-then' scenarios.
  • Navigate complex Devanagari conjuncts and the oblique noun case.
From yesterday's memories to tomorrow's adventures!

배울 내용

Hey friend! Ready to level up your Hindi? You've mastered the basics in A1, and now it's time to bring your conversations to life and speak like a local! In this chapter, we're diving deep into the exciting world of Hindi tenses. You'll learn how to use raha tha (was doing) and ta tha (used to do) to tell your past stories, like what you were doing last night or what childhood was like. You'll be able to paint vivid pictures of the past, just like a filmmaker! Next, we'll fast-forward to the future! How do you say 'I will'? With -ga/gi/ge, you'll effortlessly share your weekend plans or make promises. You’ll even master how to say 'won't' and describe actions that are about to happen (using ne wala), so you can confidently talk about appointments and future events. Imagine being able to say, 'Last night I was reading a book' or 'Next week I will go to Delhi!' But that's not all! To truly boost your Hindi, we'll explore essential postpositions like ke saath (with), ki taraf (towards), and ke bare mein (about), helping you add precision to your thoughts. And don't worry, you’ll even tackle key Devanagari script elements like ksha (क्ष) and gya (ज्ञ), making reading and writing Hindi a breeze. By the end of this chapter, you’ll speak Hindi confidently about anything, from cherished memories to exciting future plans. Ready for this adventure?

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to describe what you were doing at a specific time in the past.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to use future tense to schedule appointments and social plans.
  3. 3
    By the end you will be able to read and write complex conjuncts like 'ksha' and 'tra'.

챕터 가이드

Overview

Welcome back, language adventurers! You've navigated the foundational concepts of Hindi in A1, and now it's time to elevate your storytelling and planning skills. This Hindi grammar A2 chapter is your next big step toward speaking Hindi confidently and naturally.
We're going to unlock the power of tenses, allowing you to paint vivid pictures of the past and clearly articulate your future plans. Mastering these concepts will help you sound much more like a native speaker, moving beyond simple statements to engaging narratives and clear intentions.
In this chapter, you'll delve into describing ongoing actions in the past, like what you *were doing* (using raha tha), and habitual actions, like what you *used to do* (using ta tha). Imagine sharing childhood memories or recounting last weekend's adventures with ease! Then, we'll fast-forward to the future, equipping you with the tools to express 'I will' using the versatile -ga/gi/ge endings, and even how to say 'won't'.
You'll also learn to talk about actions that are about to happen with ne wala, perfect for discussing immediate plans. This is essential Hindi grammar for everyday conversations.
Beyond tenses, we’ll enhance your precision with crucial Hindi postpositions like ke saath (with), ki taraf (towards), and ke bare mein (about). These little words are game-changers for adding detail and nuance to your sentences. We'll even tackle some fascinating Devanagari script elements, including the conjuncts ksha (क्ष) and gya (ज्ञ), making your reading and writing journey smoother.
By the end of this chapter, you'll be able to discuss anything from cherished past events to exciting future plans, truly boosting your Hindi fluency. Get ready to speak Hindi with newfound confidence!

How This Grammar Works

This chapter introduces you to a rich set of Hindi grammar tools that will significantly expand your communicative abilities at the A2 Hindi level. We start with past actions, differentiating between what you *were doing* and what you *used to do*. For ongoing past actions, we use the Past Continuous structure with raha tha (masculine singular), rahi thi (feminine singular), rahe the (masculine plural/respectful), and rahi thin (feminine plural).
For example, main kitaab paṛh raha tha (I was reading a book). To describe habitual or repeated actions in the past, we use the Past Habitual with ta tha (masculine singular), ti thi (feminine singular), te the (masculine plural/respectful), and ti thin (feminine plural). For instance, bachpan mein main khelta tha (In childhood, I used to play).
Moving to the future, the Hindi Future Tense is formed by adding -ga/-gi/-ge to the verb stem. Main jaaunga (I will go - masculine), main jaaungi (I will go - feminine). Remember the Hindi Irregular Future Verbs like lena (to take) becoming loonga/loongi, dena (to give) becoming doonga/doongi, and hona (to be) becoming hoga/hogi.
To express "won't," simply add nahin before the future verb: main nahin jaaunga (I won't go). For actions that are about to happen, we use ne wala (masculine singular), ne wali (feminine singular), ne wale (masculine plural/respectful), and ne walin (feminine plural) with the infinitive verb: main khana khane wala hoon (I am about to eat food).
We also introduce crucial Hindi postpositions that add precision. Ke saath means 'with' (dost ke saath - with a friend), ki taraf means 'towards' (ghar ki taraf - towards home), and ke bare mein means 'about' (mere bare mein - about me). These are vital for building complex sentences.
Additionally, you'll get a crash course in essential Devanagari conjuncts like ksha (क्ष) and gya (ज्ञ), which are common and important for reading. You'll also learn about The Oblique Case for nouns, where ladka (boy) becomes ladke when followed by a postposition, as in ladke ke saath (with the boy). These elements are key to mastering Hindi grammar A2.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1Wrong: मैं कल किताब पढ़ रहा था। (Main kal kitaab paṛh raha tha.) (I was reading a book yesterday.) - Used for an ongoing action, but yesterday implies completion.
Correct: मैंने कल किताब पढ़ी। (Maine kal kitaab paṛhi.) (I read a book yesterday.)
*Explanation:* Use the simple past tense (perfective aspect) for completed actions in the past. Raha tha is for actions that were *ongoing* at a specific point in the past, not typically for an action completed over a period like yesterday.
  1. 1Wrong: वह कल दिल्ली जायेगा। (Vah kal Dilli jaayega.) (He will go to Delhi tomorrow.) - This is grammatically correct but often sounds less natural for a definite plan.
Correct: वह कल दिल्ली जाने वाला है। (Vah kal Dilli jaane wala hai.) (He is about to go to Delhi tomorrow / He is going to Delhi tomorrow.)
*Explanation:* While the simple future is fine, ne wala hai often expresses a more immediate or definite future plan, especially for tomorrow or soon. It conveys a sense of about to or going to.
  1. 1Wrong: मैं चाय पीयेगा। (Main chaay peeyega.) (I will drink tea.) - Incorrect gender agreement.
Correct: मैं चाय पीऊँगा। (Main chaay peeunga.) (I will drink tea.) (If the speaker is male)
Correct: मैं चाय पीऊँगी। (Main chaay peeungi.) (I will drink tea.) (If the speaker is female)
*Explanation:* The future tense ending -ga/-gi/-ge must agree with the gender and number of the *subject*. Peeyega is for a third-person masculine singular subject (he/she/it).

Real Conversations

A

A

तुम कल रात क्या कर रहे थे? (Tum kal raat kya kar rahe the?) (What were you doing last night?)
B

B

मैं एक नई फ़िल्म देख रहा था। (Main ek nayi film dekh raha tha.) (I was watching a new movie.)
A

A

क्या तुम मेरे साथ बाज़ार चलोगे? (Kya tum mere saath baazaar chaloge?) (Will you come to the market with me?)
B

B

हाँ, ज़रूर! मैं बस निकलने वाला हूँ। (Haan, zaroor! Main bas nikalne wala hoon.) (Yes, definitely! I am just about to leave.)
A

A

बचपन में तुम कहाँ खेलते थे? (Bachpan mein tum kahaan khelte the?) (Where did you use to play in childhood?)
B

B

मैं अपने दोस्तों के साथ पार्क में खेलता था। (Main apne doston ke saath park mein khelta tha.) (I used to play in the park with my friends.)

Quick FAQ

Q

How do I say I will in Hindi, and does it change based on who is speaking?

Yes, it changes! You add -unga if you are a male speaker (main jaaunga - I will go), and -ungi if you are a female speaker (main jaaungi - I will go).

Q

What's the main difference between using raha tha and ta tha in Hindi?

Raha tha (and its variations) describes an action that was *ongoing* at a specific point in the past (e.g., I *was eating*). Ta tha (and its variations) describes an action that *used to happen habitually* or repeatedly in the past (e.g.,

I *used to eat*
).

Q

When should I use ne wala in Hindi?

You use ne wala (and its variations) to express actions that are about to happen or going to happen very soon, or for a definite, planned future event. For example, gaari aane wali hai (The car is about to come).

Q

How do I talk about something or someone in Hindi?

You use the postposition ke bare mein. For example, uske bare mein (about him/her) or kitaab ke bare mein (about the book).

Cultural Context

In everyday Hindi conversations, the choice between simple future and ne wala often depends on the speaker's intent regarding immediacy and certainty. While main jaaunga (I will go) is perfectly valid, main jaane wala hoon (I'm going to go/about to go) can convey a stronger sense of a fixed plan or imminent action, making your speech sound more natural and engaged. Similarly, using ta tha to recount childhood memories or old habits is very common and adds a nostalgic, personal touch to storytelling.
Native speakers frequently use these structures to add nuance and emotion, making conversations richer and more descriptive. Mastering these A2 Hindi patterns will help you sound more like a local.

주요 예문 (8)

1

Main kal raat Netflix dekh raha tha.

나는 어제 밤에 넷플릭스를 보고 있었어.

과거 진행형과 습관 (~하고 있었다 vs ~하곤 했다)
2

Hum bachpan mein bohot masti karte the.

우리는 어릴 때 정말 장난을 많이 치곤 했어.

과거 진행형과 습관 (~하고 있었다 vs ~하곤 했다)
3

मैं कल आऊँगा।

저는 내일 올 거예요.

힌디어 미래 시제: '~할 것이다' 말하기 (-gā/-gī)
4

क्या तुम पिज़्ज़ा खाओगी?

너 피자 먹을래?

힌디어 미래 시제: '~할 것이다' 말하기 (-gā/-gī)
5

मैं आपको कल पैसे `दूँगा`।

내일 당신에게 돈을 줄게요.

힌디어 불규칙 미래 동사: 가지다, 주다, 이다 (लूँगा, दूँगा, होगा)
6

क्या तुम कॉफ़ी `लोगी`?

커피 마실래? (여성에게)

힌디어 불규칙 미래 동사: 가지다, 주다, 이다 (लूँगा, दूँगा, होगा)
7

मैं कल स्कूल नहीं जाऊंगा।

저는 내일 학교에 가지 않을 거예요.

힌디어로 "~하지 않을 거야" 말하기 (미래 부정)
8

वह तुमसे बात नहीं करेगी।

그녀는 당신과 말하지 않을 거예요.

힌디어로 "~하지 않을 거야" 말하기 (미래 부정)

팁과 요령 (4)

💡

'Be' 동사의 특별한 규칙

'있다/이다'라는 뜻의 hona 동사는 조금 특이해요. '나는 있었다'라고 할 때 'ho raha tha'라고 하지 않고 그냥 Main tha라고만 해요. Main tha.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 과거 진행형과 습관 (~하고 있었다 vs ~하곤 했다)
🎯

여행지 방문 규칙

어딘가에 방문하고 돌아온 완료된 여행을 말할 땐 항상 'gayā thā'를 써보세요.
Maĩ Paris gayā thā
라고 하면 파리에 다녀온 느낌이 확 살아요.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 힌디어 과거완료: 동작 (Pūrṇ Bhūtkāl)
🎯

'Ga'만 기억해도 절반은 성공!

중간 변화가 헷갈려도 미래 시제는 무조건 Gā, Gī, Ge 중 하나로 끝난다는 걸 잊지 마세요! 예를 들어 main āūngā.처럼요.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 힌디어 미래 시제: '~할 것이다' 말하기 (-gā/-gī)
⚠️

'가져오다'와 헷갈리지 마세요!

लाना(가져오다)는 규칙이라 लाऊँगा라고 하지만, ले나(가지다/먹다)는 불규칙이라 लूँगा라고 짧게 말해요. «मैं खाना लूँगा।»처럼요.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 힌디어 불규칙 미래 동사: 가지다, 주다, 이다 (लूँगा, दूँगा, होगा)

핵심 어휘 (6)

कल(kal) tomorrow/yesterday योजना(yojna) plan दोस्त(dost) friend मौसम(mausam) weather/season अगला(agla) next साथ(saath) with

Real-World Preview

map

Planning a Weekend Trip

Review Summary

  • Stem + raha/rahi/rahe + tha/thi/the
  • Stem + oonga/ega/oge/enge
  • Masc -a -> -e before postposition

자주 하는 실수

Nouns ending in '-a' must change to the oblique '-e' form before any postposition like 'ke saath'.

Wrong: लड़का के साथ(ladka ke saath)
정답: लड़के के साथ(ladke ke saath)

The first-person 'I' has a unique ending '-oonga' in the future, not the third-person '-ega'.

Wrong: मैं कल जाएगा(main kal jaayega) - said by a male
정답: मैं कल जाऊँगा(main kal jaaunga)

The 'ne wala' structure requires a helping verb (hai/tha) to complete the sentence.

Wrong: वह खाने वाला(voh khaane wala)
정답: वह खाने वाला है(voh khaane wala hai)

이 챕터의 규칙 (43)

Next Steps

You've just unlocked the ability to talk about time! This is a huge milestone in your Hindi journey. Keep practicing those future endings!

Write 5 sentences about your childhood habits using 'ta tha'.

Record yourself saying your plans for next summer.

빠른 연습 (10)

'लड़का'(소년)의 올바른 사격 형태를 빈칸에 채워보세요.

उस ___ को पानी दो।

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: लड़के
'को'라는 조사가 뒤에 왔기 때문에, 단수 명사 'लड़का'는 사격 형태인 'लड़के'로 바뀌어야 해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 힌디어 명사 변화: 사격 (लड़का → लड़के)

남자 친구에게 하는 말에서 틀린 부분을 찾으세요.

kyā tum khānā khāegā?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: kyā tum khānā khāoge?
'tum'과 함께 쓰일 때 남성형 어미는 -egā가 아니라 -oge입니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 힌디어 미래 시제: '~할 것이다' 말하기 (-gā/-gī)

표시된 숫자 ७을 확인하고 틀린 설명을 고치세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

누군가 ७이 숫자 6이라고 말합니다. 실수를 바로잡아 주세요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ७은 사실 7입니다.
७은 데바나가리 숫자로 7입니다. 모양 때문에 6과 혼동하는 학습자가 많으니 주의하세요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 데바나가리 숫자: 0-9 읽기 (०-९)

다음 중 숫자 15를 나타내는 것은 무엇인가요?

15를 올바르게 표기한 것을 고르세요:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: १५
१(1)과 ५(5)가 합쳐져 १५(15)가 됩니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 데바나가리 숫자: 0-9 읽기 (०-९)

남자 친구에게 안부를 묻는 올바른 문장을 고르세요.

다음 중 맞는 것을 고르세요:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Tum kaise ho?
'Tum'과 함께 쓸 때는 동사가 'ho'가 되고, 남성에게는 복수/중립 형태인 'kaise'를 사용합니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 힌디어로 '어떻게' 묻기 (Kaisa, Kaise, Kaisi)

여성 화자가 '이 일을 하겠다'고 할 때 빈칸에 알맞은 'karnā'의 미래형을 고르세요.

main ye kām ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: karūngī
화자가 여성이므로 'main'에 어울리는 여성형 어미 -ūngī를 사용해야 합니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 힌디어 미래 시제: '~할 것이다' 말하기 (-gā/-gī)

잘못된 스펠링을 찾아 바르게 고쳐보세요.

Namaste! Ye rasta band hai.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: नमस्ते! ये रास्ता बंद है।
'Raasta'는 결합자 स्त를 사용해야 하며, 'Namaste'도 마찬가지입니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 힌디어 결합 문자: 'Sta' (स्त) 조합

'लड़की को बुलाओ' (그 소녀를 부르세요) 문장에서 틀린 부분을 찾으세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

이 문장에 오류가 있나요?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 아니요, 맞는 문장입니다.
여성 단수 명사인 'लड़की'는 사격형에서도 모양이 변하지 않으므로 올바른 문장입니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 힌디어 명사 변화: 사격 (लड़का → लड़के)

책(Kitab)의 상태가 어떤지 물어보려면 빈칸에 무엇이 들어갈까요?

Yeh kitab ___ hai? (यह किताब ___ है?)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: kaisi
힌디어에서 'Kitab'은 여성 명사이기 때문에 의문사도 여성형인 'kaisi'를 써야 합니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 힌디어로 '어떻게' 묻기 (Kaisa, Kaise, Kaisi)

'그들이 올 것이다'라는 문장으로 올바른 것을 고르세요.

올바른 복수 형태를 선택하세요:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ve āenge.
'Ve'(그들)는 복수 주어이므로 -enge 어미가 필요합니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 힌디어 미래 시제: '~할 것이다' 말하기 (-gā/-gī)

Score: /10

자주 묻는 질문 (6)

아니요! Karta tha는 오랫동안 반복된 습관에만 써요. 어제 딱 한 번 한 일은 단순 과거형인 kiya를 써야 해요.
'가곤 했다'는 습관이니까 Main jaata tha이고, '갔다'는 한 번 일어난 일이라 Main gaya라고 해요.
과거완료는 일이 완전히 끝났거나 아주 오래전 일임을 강조할 때 써요. gayā thā처럼 thā를 붙여 차이를 주죠.
아니요, 방금 일어난 일은 단순 과거가 더 자연스러워요. 과거완료는 Vah āyā thā처럼 먼 과거 느낌을 줘요.
이 시제는 꽤 확신이 있을 때 써요. '아마도'라고 하려면 문장 앞에 'shāyad'를 붙여보세요.
Shāyad main āūngā
(아마 제가 갈 거예요).
-egā는 그/그녀(3인칭)에게 쓰고, -oge는 친구(tum)에게 써요. 친구에게 문자할 때 tum karoge라고 해보세요.