A2 · 初中級 チャプター 2

Ongoing Actions and Future Plans

43 トータルルール
449 例文
7

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the flow of time and express your future dreams in Hindi.

  • Describe ongoing past actions and childhood habits.
  • Formulate future plans and conditional 'if-then' scenarios.
  • Navigate complex Devanagari conjuncts and the oblique noun case.
From yesterday's memories to tomorrow's adventures!

学べること

Hey friend! Ready to level up your Hindi? You've mastered the basics in A1, and now it's time to bring your conversations to life and speak like a local! In this chapter, we're diving deep into the exciting world of Hindi tenses. You'll learn how to use raha tha (was doing) and ta tha (used to do) to tell your past stories, like what you were doing last night or what childhood was like. You'll be able to paint vivid pictures of the past, just like a filmmaker! Next, we'll fast-forward to the future! How do you say 'I will'? With -ga/gi/ge, you'll effortlessly share your weekend plans or make promises. You’ll even master how to say 'won't' and describe actions that are about to happen (using ne wala), so you can confidently talk about appointments and future events. Imagine being able to say, 'Last night I was reading a book' or 'Next week I will go to Delhi!' But that's not all! To truly boost your Hindi, we'll explore essential postpositions like ke saath (with), ki taraf (towards), and ke bare mein (about), helping you add precision to your thoughts. And don't worry, you’ll even tackle key Devanagari script elements like ksha (क्ष) and gya (ज्ञ), making reading and writing Hindi a breeze. By the end of this chapter, you’ll speak Hindi confidently about anything, from cherished memories to exciting future plans. Ready for this adventure?

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to describe what you were doing at a specific time in the past.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to use future tense to schedule appointments and social plans.
  3. 3
    By the end you will be able to read and write complex conjuncts like 'ksha' and 'tra'.

チャプターガイド

Overview

Welcome back, language adventurers! You've navigated the foundational concepts of Hindi in A1, and now it's time to elevate your storytelling and planning skills. This Hindi grammar A2 chapter is your next big step toward speaking Hindi confidently and naturally.
We're going to unlock the power of tenses, allowing you to paint vivid pictures of the past and clearly articulate your future plans. Mastering these concepts will help you sound much more like a native speaker, moving beyond simple statements to engaging narratives and clear intentions.
In this chapter, you'll delve into describing ongoing actions in the past, like what you *were doing* (using raha tha), and habitual actions, like what you *used to do* (using ta tha). Imagine sharing childhood memories or recounting last weekend's adventures with ease! Then, we'll fast-forward to the future, equipping you with the tools to express 'I will' using the versatile -ga/gi/ge endings, and even how to say 'won't'.
You'll also learn to talk about actions that are about to happen with ne wala, perfect for discussing immediate plans. This is essential Hindi grammar for everyday conversations.
Beyond tenses, we’ll enhance your precision with crucial Hindi postpositions like ke saath (with), ki taraf (towards), and ke bare mein (about). These little words are game-changers for adding detail and nuance to your sentences. We'll even tackle some fascinating Devanagari script elements, including the conjuncts ksha (क्ष) and gya (ज्ञ), making your reading and writing journey smoother.
By the end of this chapter, you'll be able to discuss anything from cherished past events to exciting future plans, truly boosting your Hindi fluency. Get ready to speak Hindi with newfound confidence!

How This Grammar Works

This chapter introduces you to a rich set of Hindi grammar tools that will significantly expand your communicative abilities at the A2 Hindi level. We start with past actions, differentiating between what you *were doing* and what you *used to do*. For ongoing past actions, we use the Past Continuous structure with raha tha (masculine singular), rahi thi (feminine singular), rahe the (masculine plural/respectful), and rahi thin (feminine plural).
For example, main kitaab paṛh raha tha (I was reading a book). To describe habitual or repeated actions in the past, we use the Past Habitual with ta tha (masculine singular), ti thi (feminine singular), te the (masculine plural/respectful), and ti thin (feminine plural). For instance, bachpan mein main khelta tha (In childhood, I used to play).
Moving to the future, the Hindi Future Tense is formed by adding -ga/-gi/-ge to the verb stem. Main jaaunga (I will go - masculine), main jaaungi (I will go - feminine). Remember the Hindi Irregular Future Verbs like lena (to take) becoming loonga/loongi, dena (to give) becoming doonga/doongi, and hona (to be) becoming hoga/hogi.
To express "won't," simply add nahin before the future verb: main nahin jaaunga (I won't go). For actions that are about to happen, we use ne wala (masculine singular), ne wali (feminine singular), ne wale (masculine plural/respectful), and ne walin (feminine plural) with the infinitive verb: main khana khane wala hoon (I am about to eat food).
We also introduce crucial Hindi postpositions that add precision. Ke saath means 'with' (dost ke saath - with a friend), ki taraf means 'towards' (ghar ki taraf - towards home), and ke bare mein means 'about' (mere bare mein - about me). These are vital for building complex sentences.
Additionally, you'll get a crash course in essential Devanagari conjuncts like ksha (क्ष) and gya (ज्ञ), which are common and important for reading. You'll also learn about The Oblique Case for nouns, where ladka (boy) becomes ladke when followed by a postposition, as in ladke ke saath (with the boy). These elements are key to mastering Hindi grammar A2.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1Wrong: मैं कल किताब पढ़ रहा था। (Main kal kitaab paṛh raha tha.) (I was reading a book yesterday.) - Used for an ongoing action, but yesterday implies completion.
Correct: मैंने कल किताब पढ़ी। (Maine kal kitaab paṛhi.) (I read a book yesterday.)
*Explanation:* Use the simple past tense (perfective aspect) for completed actions in the past. Raha tha is for actions that were *ongoing* at a specific point in the past, not typically for an action completed over a period like yesterday.
  1. 1Wrong: वह कल दिल्ली जायेगा। (Vah kal Dilli jaayega.) (He will go to Delhi tomorrow.) - This is grammatically correct but often sounds less natural for a definite plan.
Correct: वह कल दिल्ली जाने वाला है। (Vah kal Dilli jaane wala hai.) (He is about to go to Delhi tomorrow / He is going to Delhi tomorrow.)
*Explanation:* While the simple future is fine, ne wala hai often expresses a more immediate or definite future plan, especially for tomorrow or soon. It conveys a sense of about to or going to.
  1. 1Wrong: मैं चाय पीयेगा। (Main chaay peeyega.) (I will drink tea.) - Incorrect gender agreement.
Correct: मैं चाय पीऊँगा। (Main chaay peeunga.) (I will drink tea.) (If the speaker is male)
Correct: मैं चाय पीऊँगी। (Main chaay peeungi.) (I will drink tea.) (If the speaker is female)
*Explanation:* The future tense ending -ga/-gi/-ge must agree with the gender and number of the *subject*. Peeyega is for a third-person masculine singular subject (he/she/it).

Real Conversations

A

A

तुम कल रात क्या कर रहे थे? (Tum kal raat kya kar rahe the?) (What were you doing last night?)
B

B

मैं एक नई फ़िल्म देख रहा था। (Main ek nayi film dekh raha tha.) (I was watching a new movie.)
A

A

क्या तुम मेरे साथ बाज़ार चलोगे? (Kya tum mere saath baazaar chaloge?) (Will you come to the market with me?)
B

B

हाँ, ज़रूर! मैं बस निकलने वाला हूँ। (Haan, zaroor! Main bas nikalne wala hoon.) (Yes, definitely! I am just about to leave.)
A

A

बचपन में तुम कहाँ खेलते थे? (Bachpan mein tum kahaan khelte the?) (Where did you use to play in childhood?)
B

B

मैं अपने दोस्तों के साथ पार्क में खेलता था। (Main apne doston ke saath park mein khelta tha.) (I used to play in the park with my friends.)

Quick FAQ

Q

How do I say I will in Hindi, and does it change based on who is speaking?

Yes, it changes! You add -unga if you are a male speaker (main jaaunga - I will go), and -ungi if you are a female speaker (main jaaungi - I will go).

Q

What's the main difference between using raha tha and ta tha in Hindi?

Raha tha (and its variations) describes an action that was *ongoing* at a specific point in the past (e.g., I *was eating*). Ta tha (and its variations) describes an action that *used to happen habitually* or repeatedly in the past (e.g.,

I *used to eat*
).

Q

When should I use ne wala in Hindi?

You use ne wala (and its variations) to express actions that are about to happen or going to happen very soon, or for a definite, planned future event. For example, gaari aane wali hai (The car is about to come).

Q

How do I talk about something or someone in Hindi?

You use the postposition ke bare mein. For example, uske bare mein (about him/her) or kitaab ke bare mein (about the book).

Cultural Context

In everyday Hindi conversations, the choice between simple future and ne wala often depends on the speaker's intent regarding immediacy and certainty. While main jaaunga (I will go) is perfectly valid, main jaane wala hoon (I'm going to go/about to go) can convey a stronger sense of a fixed plan or imminent action, making your speech sound more natural and engaged. Similarly, using ta tha to recount childhood memories or old habits is very common and adds a nostalgic, personal touch to storytelling.
Native speakers frequently use these structures to add nuance and emotion, making conversations richer and more descriptive. Mastering these A2 Hindi patterns will help you sound more like a local.

重要な例文 (8)

1

Main kal raat Netflix dekh raha tha.

I was watching Netflix last night.

過去進行形と過去習慣 (~していた vs ~したものだ)
2

Hum bachpan mein bohot masti karte the.

We used to have a lot of fun in childhood.

過去進行形と過去習慣 (~していた vs ~したものだ)
3

वह कल मेरे घर आया था।

彼は昨日、私の家に来ていました。

ヒンディー語の過去完了形:動作 (Pūrṇ Bhūtkāl)
4

मैंने इंस्टाग्राम पर पोस्ट डाली थी।

私はインスタグラムに投稿をしていました。

ヒンディー語の過去完了形:動作 (Pūrṇ Bhūtkāl)
5

मैं कल आऊँगा।

私は明日来ます。

ヒンディー語の未来形:「〜します」と言う (-gā/-gī)
6

क्या तुम पिज़्ज़ा खाओगी?

ピザを食べる?

ヒンディー語の未来形:「〜します」と言う (-gā/-gī)
7

मैं कल स्कूल नहीं जाऊंगा।

明日は学校に行きません。

ヒンディー語で「〜しないつもり」(未来形の否定)
8

वह तुमसे baat नहीं करेगी।

彼女はあなたと話さないでしょう。

ヒンディー語で「〜しないつもり」(未来形の否定)

ヒントとコツ (4)

💡

Gender Check

Always check if the subject is male or female before choosing 'raha/rahi' or 'ta/ti'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 過去進行形と過去習慣 (~していた vs ~したものだ)
🎯

旅行のルール

ある場所に行って帰ってきたことを言うなら、いつも 'gayā thā' を使いましょう。
Maĩ Paris gayā thā.
と言えば、完了した旅行の思い出になります。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ヒンディー語の過去完了形:動作 (Pūrṇ Bhūtkāl)
🎯

語尾の 'Ga' が魔法の合言葉

途中の変化を忘れても、最後を 'Gā', 'Gī', 'Ge' で終わらせれば未来の話だと伝わります。 main kal āūngā.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ヒンディー語の未来形:「〜します」と言う (-gā/-gī)
⚠️

「ラーナー」との混同に注意

「持ってくる」の «लाना» と「取る」の «लेना» を混ぜないで! «लाना» は規則変化で «लाऊँगा» ですが、«लेना» は不規則な «लूँगा» になります。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ヒンディー語の不規則未来動詞:取る、与える、ある (लूँगा, दूँगा, होगा)

重要な語彙 (6)

कल(kal) tomorrow/yesterday योजना(yojna) plan दोस्त(dost) friend मौसम(mausam) weather/season अगला(agla) next साथ(saath) with

Real-World Preview

map

Planning a Weekend Trip

Review Summary

  • Stem + raha/rahi/rahe + tha/thi/the
  • Stem + oonga/ega/oge/enge
  • Masc -a -> -e before postposition

よくある間違い

Nouns ending in '-a' must change to the oblique '-e' form before any postposition like 'ke saath'.

Wrong: लड़का के साथ(ladka ke saath)
正解: लड़के के साथ(ladke ke saath)

The first-person 'I' has a unique ending '-oonga' in the future, not the third-person '-ega'.

Wrong: मैं कल जाएगा(main kal jaayega) - said by a male
正解: मैं कल जाऊँगा(main kal jaaunga)

The 'ne wala' structure requires a helping verb (hai/tha) to complete the sentence.

Wrong: वह खाने वाला(voh khaane wala)
正解: वह खाने वाला है(voh khaane wala hai)

このチャプターのルール (43)

Next Steps

You've just unlocked the ability to talk about time! This is a huge milestone in your Hindi journey. Keep practicing those future endings!

Write 5 sentences about your childhood habits using 'ta tha'.

Record yourself saying your plans for next summer.

クイック練習 (10)

「牛乳はどれくらい必要ですか?」の文の間違いを見つけてね。

Find and fix the mistake:

कितना दूध चाहिए? (Kitna doodh chahiye?)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The sentence is already correct.
「Doodh (牛乳)」は男性単数名詞だから、「Kitna」が正しい形だよ。この文はすでに合っているんだ。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ヒンディー語の疑問詞:'K'ファミリー (疑問代名詞)

「Vasant」に正しい性別が使われている文を選びましょう。

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: वसंत आ रहा है।
「Vasant」は男性単数名詞なので、「aa raha hai」が正しい動詞の形です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ヒンディー語の5つの主な季節 (Garmi, Sardiなど)

「Shra」の結合文字が含まれている単語を選んでください。

Sh+Rの記号を使っているのはどれ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: श्रम (労働)
「Shram」だけが、Sh+Rが合体した音 (श्र) で始まっています。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 特別な結合文字 'Shra' (श्र)

「15」を表しているのはどれですか?

Choose the correct Devanagari representation of 15:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: १५
1(१) と 5(५) を組み合わせて १५ (15) になります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: デバナガリ数字:0から9まで(०-९)

bolna(話す)を Tum 命令形に変えてみましょう。

Tum zor se ___ (大声で話して)。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: bolo
-na を取って -o をつけるのが Tum 命令形の基本です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ヒンディー語のカジュアルな命令形:親しみやすい「Tum」(-o)

名詞を正しく複数形に変えましょう。

Mera ek kamrā hai, par uske paas do ___ hain.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: kamre
「Kamrā」は-āで終わるので、直接複数形では-eに変わります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 男性名詞: 「-a」で終わるものとその他

「Kitab」(本)の質について尋ねるために空欄を埋めてください。

Yeh kitab ___ hai? (यह किताब ___ है?)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: kaisi
「Kitab」はヒンディー語で女性名詞なので、疑問詞は「kaisi」でなければなりません。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ヒンディー語で「どう」と聞く方法 (Kaisa, Kaise, Kaisi)

「Kitna」の正しい形を空欄に入れてください。

Aapko ___ paani chahiye? (water = masc. sg)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: kitna
「Paani(水)」は男性名詞の単数形なので、「kitna」を使います。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「いくら・どれくらい」の聞き方 (Kitna)

この文章の間違いを直してください。

Find and fix the mistake:

वह लड़का के बारे में पूछ रहा है。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: वह लड़के के बारे में पूछ रहा है。
「लड़का」の後に後置詞が来るので、斜格の「लड़के」に変える必要があります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「〜について」話す方法 (के बारे में)

この文の間違いを見つけて直してください。

Find and fix the mistake:

Usne ek kitāb kharīdā thā।

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Usne ek kitāb kharīdī thī।
'Kitāb' (本) は女性単数名詞なので、動詞は 'kharīdī thī' になります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ヒンディー語の過去完了形:動作 (Pūrṇ Bhūtkāl)

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

No, that is incorrect. Use 'karta tha' for habits.
It depends on the gender of the subject.
過去完了 (gayā thā) は動作が完全に終わっていることや、遠い過去であることを強調します。単純過去 (gayā) は出来事を順番に話す時に使われます。
最近の出来事には単純過去や現在完了を使うのが自然です。過去完了を使うと、かなり前のことのように聞こえてしまいます。
はい、使えます。ただし確信を弱めるには文頭に shāyad を付けます。
Shāyad main āūngā.
と言えば「たぶん行くよ」になります。
-egā は「彼/彼女」に使いますが、-oge は親しい「君 (tum)」専用です。友達に送る時は tum āoge? と使い分けましょう。