Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'raha tha' for actions in progress in the past, and 'karta tha' for repeated habits.
- Use 'raha tha' for ongoing actions: 'Main so raha tha' (I was sleeping).
- Use 'karta tha' for past habits: 'Main roz khelta tha' (I used to play daily).
- Both change based on gender and number: 'Woh (f) ja rahi thi' vs 'Woh (f) jaati thi'.
Overview
raha tha）」と「過去習慣形（ta tha）」です。これらは、単に「終わったこと」を述べるだけでなく、過去の特定の瞬間に何が起きていたのか、あるいは過去にどのような習慣があったのかを鮮明に描写するために不可欠です。日本語の「〜ていた」という表現は、進行中（進行形）と習慣（習慣形）の両方をカバーできるため便利ですが、ヒンディー語ではこの二つを明確に区別します。この区別を理解することは、中級レベルへのステップアップにおいて極めて重要です。文脈の中で「その時、何が起きていたか」を正確に伝えることで、あなたのヒンディー語はより自然で、かつ物語性のあるものになるでしょう。このセクションでは、日本語の感覚と対比させながら、これらの使い分けを徹底的に解説します。- 1過去進行形（
pragatisheel bhutkaal）: 過去の特定の瞬間に、動作が「進行中」であったことを示します。日本語の「〜していた」の進行形用法に相当します。例えば、「昨日の夜、本を読んでいた」という場合、その瞬間に動作が続いていたことを強調します。 - 2過去習慣形（
abhyasik bhutkaal）: 過去に繰り返されていた動作や、状態を示します。日本語の「〜していた」「〜したものだ」に相当します。例えば、「子供の頃、毎日公園で遊んでいた」という場合、それが繰り返されたルーチンであることを示します。
tha」という構成です。主語の性別と数に一致させる必要があるため、表で整理して覚えるのが一番の近道です。Main padh raha tha.(私は読んでいた - 男性)Main padh rahi thi.(私は読んでいた - 女性)Ve khel rahe the.(彼らは遊んでいた)
Main padhta tha.(私は（よく）読んでいた - 男性)Main padhti thi.(私は（よく）読んでいた - 女性)Ve khelte the.(彼らは（よく）遊んでいた)
Jab phone baja, main khaana bana raha tha. と言います。ここで重要なのは、料理という動作が中断されたか、あるいは並行して続いていたという背景描写です。Main pehle roz jogging karta tha. となります。これは単なる一時的な動作ではなく、その当時のルーチンを表しています。日本語で「昔はよく〜したよね」と懐かしむ時や、子供の頃の思い出を語る時に大活躍します。この二つを使い分けるだけで、ヒンディー語の表現力が格段に向上します。- 1進行形と習慣形の混同: 日本語の「〜していた」をそのまま全て
raha thaにしてしまう間違いです。例えば「子供の頃、よく泣いていた」をMain ro raha tha（泣いている最中だった）としてしまうと、文脈が不自然になります。習慣の場合はMain rota thaが正解です。 - 2性別一致の忘れ: 日本語には動詞の性別変化がないため、女性が話す時に
rahi thiやpadhti thiとすべきところを、男性形であるraha thaやpadhta thaと言ってしまうミスが非常に多いです。常に主語が誰か（男性か女性か）を意識する癖をつけましょう。 - 3複数形の補助動詞の脱落:
theやthinを忘れて、全てthaで済ませてしまうことです。日本語の「〜でした」は変化しませんが、ヒンディー語では複数形の場合、補助動詞もしっかり複数形にする必要があります。
raha tha | 「〜している最中だった」 |ta tha | 「〜する習慣があった」 |verb + ya/a | 「〜した（完了）」 |raha tha と ta tha はどちらを使えばいいか迷う時は？thi を使いますか？thi（複数なら thin）を使います。Past Continuous vs. Habitual Conjugation
| Subject | Continuous (Masc) | Continuous (Fem) | Habitual (Masc) | Habitual (Fem) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Main
|
raha tha
|
rahi thi
|
ta tha
|
ti thi
|
|
Tu
|
raha tha
|
rahi thi
|
ta tha
|
ti thi
|
|
Tum
|
rahe the
|
rahi thin
|
te the
|
ti thin
|
|
Aap
|
rahe the
|
rahi thin
|
te the
|
ti thin
|
|
Woh (sg)
|
raha tha
|
rahi thi
|
ta tha
|
ti thi
|
|
Hum
|
rahe the
|
rahi thin
|
te the
|
ti thin
|
Meanings
This grammar distinguishes between a specific ongoing event in the past and a recurring past habit.
Past Continuous
An action that was in progress at a specific time in the past.
“Main kal TV dekh raha tha.”
“Woh baarish mein khel rahe the.”
Past Habitual
An action that happened repeatedly or was a routine in the past.
“Main bachpan mein cycle chalata tha.”
“Woh roz school jaati thi.”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative (Cont)
|
Subj + Verb-root + raha/rahi + tha/thi
|
Main ja raha tha
|
|
Affirmative (Hab)
|
Subj + Verb-root + ta/ti + tha/thi
|
Main jaata tha
|
|
Negative (Cont)
|
Subj + nahin + Verb-root + raha/rahi + tha/thi
|
Main nahin ja raha tha
|
|
Negative (Hab)
|
Subj + nahin + Verb-root + ta/ti + tha/thi
|
Main nahin jaata tha
|
|
Question (Cont)
|
Kya + Subj + Verb-root + raha/rahi + tha/thi?
|
Kya tum ja rahe the?
|
|
Question (Hab)
|
Kya + Subj + Verb-root + ta/ti + tha/thi?
|
Kya tum jaate the?
|
フォーマル度スペクトル
Main bhojan kar raha tha. (General)
Main khana kha raha tha. (General)
Main kha raha tha. (General)
Main kha raha tha. (General)
Past Tense Map
Ongoing
- raha tha was doing
Routine
- karta tha used to do
Continuous vs Habitual
レベル別の例文
Main so raha tha.
I was sleeping.
Woh khel raha tha.
He was playing.
Main padhta tha.
I used to study.
Woh gaati thi.
She used to sing.
Kya tum TV dekh rahe the?
Were you watching TV?
Main school nahin ja raha tha.
I was not going to school.
Hum roz cricket khelte the.
We used to play cricket daily.
Woh aksar yahan aati thi.
She often used to come here.
Jab baarish ho rahi thi, main ghar par tha.
When it was raining, I was at home.
Bachpan mein hum har garmiyon mein gaon jaate the.
In childhood, we used to go to the village every summer.
Kya woh us waqt kaam kar rahi thi?
Was she working at that time?
Main pehle yahan kaam karta tha.
I used to work here before.
Main padh raha tha jab tumne phone kiya.
I was studying when you called.
Woh hamesha der se aati thi, jo mujhe pasand nahin tha.
She always used to come late, which I didn't like.
Hum soch rahe the ki kya karein.
We were thinking about what to do.
Pehle log zyada paidal chalte the.
People used to walk more in the past.
Woh us waqt apni kahani likh rahi thi, isliye kisi se baat nahin kar rahi thi.
She was writing her story at that time, so she wasn't talking to anyone.
Bachpan mein, main har roz subah jaldi uth kar yoga karta tha.
In my childhood, I used to wake up early every morning to do yoga.
Kya tum us waqt wahi kar rahe the jo maine kaha tha?
Were you doing exactly what I said at that time?
Woh aksar purani yaadon mein kho jaati thi.
She often used to get lost in old memories.
Main us waqt ek aisi duniya mein jee raha tha jahan sab kuch alag tha.
I was living in a world at that time where everything was different.
Woh aksar ghanton tak khidki ke paas baith kar baarish dekha karti thi.
She often used to sit by the window for hours watching the rain.
Hum tab tak intezaar kar rahe the jab tak tum nahin aaye.
We were waiting until you arrived.
Pehle ke zamane mein log ek dusre ko khat likha karte the.
In the old days, people used to write letters to each other.
間違えやすい
Learners use continuous for completed actions.
Learners use continuous for habits.
Mixing up 'hoon' and 'tha'.
よくある間違い
Main ja raha tha kal.
Main kal ja raha tha.
Woh ja raha thi.
Woh ja rahi thi.
Main karta hoon tha.
Main karta tha.
Main raha tha jana.
Main ja raha tha.
Hum ja raha the.
Hum ja rahe the.
Woh roz ja raha tha.
Woh roz jaata tha.
Kya tum khate the?
Kya tum khate the?
Jab main aaya, woh so raha hai.
Jab main aaya, woh so raha tha.
Main bachpan mein khel raha tha.
Main bachpan mein khelta tha.
Woh aksar ja raha tha.
Woh aksar jaata tha.
Woh hamesha bol raha tha.
Woh hamesha bolta tha.
Main wahan ja raha tha har saal.
Main har saal wahan jaata tha.
Woh likh raha tha jab main dekha.
Woh likh raha tha jab maine dekha.
Humne socha ki woh ja raha hai.
Humne socha ki woh ja raha tha.
文型パターン
Main ___ raha tha.
Main roz ___ tha.
Jab tum aaye, main ___ raha tha.
Bachpan mein, main ___ karta tha.
Real World Usage
Main aa raha tha, par traffic tha.
Main wahan project lead karta tha.
Hum wahan har saal jaate the.
Main khana order kar raha tha.
Main kal party kar raha tha!
Woh us samay padh raha tha.
Gender Check
Don't mix
Use adverbs
Respect
Smart Tips
Use 'raha tha' to set the background.
Use 'karta tha' for all your memories.
Use 'raha tha' to explain why you were late.
Use 'karta tha' for the past and 'karta hoon' for now.
発音
Tha/Thi/The
Ensure the 'th' is aspirated (like 'th' in 'thin').
Question
Kya tum ja rahe the? ↑
Rising intonation at the end for yes/no questions.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Continuous is 'Raha' (Moving/Running), Habitual is 'Ta' (Time/Routine).
視覚的連想
Imagine a 'Raha' runner sprinting (continuous action) and a 'Ta' clock ticking (repeated routine).
Rhyme
Raha tha for action in the flow, Ta tha for habits of long ago.
Story
Yesterday, I was cooking (raha tha). I remembered that in college, I used to cook every day (karta tha). Now, I am eating.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Write 3 sentences about what you were doing 1 hour ago and 3 sentences about what you used to do as a child.
文化メモ
Habitual forms are often used to describe family traditions.
Use of 'karte the' is very common for respect.
Often drop the 'tha' in very casual speech.
Derived from Sanskrit roots combined with the auxiliary verb 'tha' (to be).
会話のきっかけ
Bachpan mein tum kya khelte the?
Jab tumne mujhe call kiya, main kya kar raha tha?
Pehle tum kahan rehte the?
Jab baarish ho rahi thi, tum kya kar rahe the?
日記のテーマ
よくある間違い
Test Yourself
Main kal school ___ raha tha.
Woh roz ___ thi.
Find and fix the mistake:
Main roz ja raha tha.
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
I was eating.
Answer starts with: Mai...
Hum ___ rahe the.
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
Use 'aksar' and 'khelta tha'.
Score: /8
練習問題
8 exercisesMain kal school ___ raha tha.
Woh roz ___ thi.
Find and fix the mistake:
Main roz ja raha tha.
tha / raha / main / so
I was eating.
Hum ___ rahe the.
Match: 1. Raha tha, 2. Ta tha
Use 'aksar' and 'khelta tha'.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesMain padh ___ ___.
Which sentence is Habitual?
Hum pizza kha raha tha.
Woh cigarette pee___ ___.
Select the correct translation:
Mummy khana bana rahi thi (informal). -> Make it respectful.
Tum kya kar ___ ___?
She knew the answer.
Main naach raha tha.
Ve hans ___ ___.
Select the correct translation:
Hum cricket khel rahe hai (Past).
Score: /12
よくある質問 (8)
No, that is incorrect. Use 'karta tha' for habits.
It depends on the gender of the subject.
Yes, it is the standard way to express past habits.
No, 'raha tha' is strictly past.
Default to masculine 'tha' if unsure, but try to learn the gender of the person.
Some verbs like 'chahna' (to want) are often used in habitual forms even for states.
Use 'karte the' for respect.
Yes, it is standard Hindi.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Imperfecto
Hindi uses 'raha' for continuous and 'ta' for habitual, whereas Spanish uses one form for both.
Imparfait
Hindi requires aspectual markers ('raha' vs 'ta') to distinguish.
Präteritum
Hindi explicitly marks the aspect of the action.
Te-ita
Hindi's 'ta tha' is a dedicated habitual form.
Kana + Imperfect
Hindi's gender agreement makes it more complex.
Zai + Verb
Hindi conjugates verbs for gender and number.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
Continue With
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