Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'raha tha' for actions in progress in the past, and 'karta tha' for repeated habits.
- Use 'raha tha' for ongoing actions: 'Main so raha tha' (I was sleeping).
- Use 'karta tha' for past habits: 'Main roz khelta tha' (I used to play daily).
- Both change based on gender and number: 'Woh (f) ja rahi thi' vs 'Woh (f) jaati thi'.
Overview
- 1过去进行时 (
raha tha)：对应中文的“正在……（当时）”。它强调的是过去某个时间点动作的“进行状态”。比如“我当时正在喝咖啡”，这里的“正在”就是关键。 - 2过去习惯时 (
ta tha)：对应中文的“过去常常……”、“以前总是……”。它强调的是过去反复发生的动作或某种状态。比如“我以前每天都去大学”，这里的“以前”和“每天”暗示了习惯。
动词词根 + रहा/रहे/रही (raha/rahe/rahi) + था/थे/थी/थीं (tha/the/thi/thin)मैं पढ़ रहा था (我正在读，男性) vs मैं पढ़ रही थी (我正在读，女性)。动词词根 + ता/ते/ती (ta/te/ti) + था/थे/थी/थीं (tha/the/thi/thin)वह जाता था (他过去常去) vs वह जाती थी (她过去常去)。- 过去进行时 (
raha tha)：当你想要描述一段背景故事时。比如在微信上给朋友发消息说：“我昨天晚上八点给你打电话时，你正在做什么？”这里“正在做”就是kya kar rahe the。它常用于被打断的动作，例如：जब मैं खाना खा रहा था, तब बिजली चली गई(当我正在吃饭时，停电了)。
- 过去习惯时 (
ta tha)：当你怀旧或者描述过去的固定生活方式时。比如描述你的大学生活：“我以前常在宿舍喝茶”，可以用मैं हॉस्टल में चाय पीता था。它也用于描述过去的状态，比如“他以前很胖”，用वह मोटा होता था。
- 1忽略性数一致（Gender/Number Agreement）：这是中文母语者最常见的错误。因为中文不分阴阳性，我们习惯了动词永远不变。在印地语中，如果主语是女性，你必须使用
rahi或ti，否则对方会觉得语法非常奇怪。 - 2时态混淆：有时候学生会混淆“正在做”和“习惯做”。记住：
raha是动作在进行中（像视频在播放），ta是动作在重复（像日历上的标记）。 - 3辅助动词遗漏：中文里结尾加个“了”或“过”就完事了，但印地语必须保留
tha/the/thi，否则句子就不完整，就像盖房子没封顶一样。
raha tha) | 过去习惯时 (ta tha) |raha/rahe/rahi | ta/te/ti |- 1问：如果主语是“我”，但性别不同，动词怎么变？
raha tha / padhta tha；如果是女性，必须用 rahi thi / padhti thi。这是必须遵循的规则。- 1问：
rahe the什么时候用？
rahe 和 the。- 1问：为什么有时候看到
thin而不是thi？
thi 会变成鼻音化的 thin，这是为了体现复数形式。Past Continuous vs. Habitual Conjugation
| Subject | Continuous (Masc) | Continuous (Fem) | Habitual (Masc) | Habitual (Fem) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Main
|
raha tha
|
rahi thi
|
ta tha
|
ti thi
|
|
Tu
|
raha tha
|
rahi thi
|
ta tha
|
ti thi
|
|
Tum
|
rahe the
|
rahi thin
|
te the
|
ti thin
|
|
Aap
|
rahe the
|
rahi thin
|
te the
|
ti thin
|
|
Woh (sg)
|
raha tha
|
rahi thi
|
ta tha
|
ti thi
|
|
Hum
|
rahe the
|
rahi thin
|
te the
|
ti thin
|
Meanings
This grammar distinguishes between a specific ongoing event in the past and a recurring past habit.
Past Continuous
An action that was in progress at a specific time in the past.
“Main kal TV dekh raha tha.”
“Woh baarish mein khel rahe the.”
Past Habitual
An action that happened repeatedly or was a routine in the past.
“Main bachpan mein cycle chalata tha.”
“Woh roz school jaati thi.”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative (Cont)
|
Subj + Verb-root + raha/rahi + tha/thi
|
Main ja raha tha
|
|
Affirmative (Hab)
|
Subj + Verb-root + ta/ti + tha/thi
|
Main jaata tha
|
|
Negative (Cont)
|
Subj + nahin + Verb-root + raha/rahi + tha/thi
|
Main nahin ja raha tha
|
|
Negative (Hab)
|
Subj + nahin + Verb-root + ta/ti + tha/thi
|
Main nahin jaata tha
|
|
Question (Cont)
|
Kya + Subj + Verb-root + raha/rahi + tha/thi?
|
Kya tum ja rahe the?
|
|
Question (Hab)
|
Kya + Subj + Verb-root + ta/ti + tha/thi?
|
Kya tum jaate the?
|
正式程度
Main bhojan kar raha tha. (General)
Main khana kha raha tha. (General)
Main kha raha tha. (General)
Main kha raha tha. (General)
Past Tense Map
Ongoing
- raha tha was doing
Routine
- karta tha used to do
Continuous vs Habitual
按水平分级的例句
Main so raha tha.
I was sleeping.
Woh khel raha tha.
He was playing.
Main padhta tha.
I used to study.
Woh gaati thi.
She used to sing.
Kya tum TV dekh rahe the?
Were you watching TV?
Main school nahin ja raha tha.
I was not going to school.
Hum roz cricket khelte the.
We used to play cricket daily.
Woh aksar yahan aati thi.
She often used to come here.
Jab baarish ho rahi thi, main ghar par tha.
When it was raining, I was at home.
Bachpan mein hum har garmiyon mein gaon jaate the.
In childhood, we used to go to the village every summer.
Kya woh us waqt kaam kar rahi thi?
Was she working at that time?
Main pehle yahan kaam karta tha.
I used to work here before.
Main padh raha tha jab tumne phone kiya.
I was studying when you called.
Woh hamesha der se aati thi, jo mujhe pasand nahin tha.
She always used to come late, which I didn't like.
Hum soch rahe the ki kya karein.
We were thinking about what to do.
Pehle log zyada paidal chalte the.
People used to walk more in the past.
Woh us waqt apni kahani likh rahi thi, isliye kisi se baat nahin kar rahi thi.
She was writing her story at that time, so she wasn't talking to anyone.
Bachpan mein, main har roz subah jaldi uth kar yoga karta tha.
In my childhood, I used to wake up early every morning to do yoga.
Kya tum us waqt wahi kar rahe the jo maine kaha tha?
Were you doing exactly what I said at that time?
Woh aksar purani yaadon mein kho jaati thi.
She often used to get lost in old memories.
Main us waqt ek aisi duniya mein jee raha tha jahan sab kuch alag tha.
I was living in a world at that time where everything was different.
Woh aksar ghanton tak khidki ke paas baith kar baarish dekha karti thi.
She often used to sit by the window for hours watching the rain.
Hum tab tak intezaar kar rahe the jab tak tum nahin aaye.
We were waiting until you arrived.
Pehle ke zamane mein log ek dusre ko khat likha karte the.
In the old days, people used to write letters to each other.
容易混淆
Learners use continuous for completed actions.
Learners use continuous for habits.
Mixing up 'hoon' and 'tha'.
常见错误
Main ja raha tha kal.
Main kal ja raha tha.
Woh ja raha thi.
Woh ja rahi thi.
Main karta hoon tha.
Main karta tha.
Main raha tha jana.
Main ja raha tha.
Hum ja raha the.
Hum ja rahe the.
Woh roz ja raha tha.
Woh roz jaata tha.
Kya tum khate the?
Kya tum khate the?
Jab main aaya, woh so raha hai.
Jab main aaya, woh so raha tha.
Main bachpan mein khel raha tha.
Main bachpan mein khelta tha.
Woh aksar ja raha tha.
Woh aksar jaata tha.
Woh hamesha bol raha tha.
Woh hamesha bolta tha.
Main wahan ja raha tha har saal.
Main har saal wahan jaata tha.
Woh likh raha tha jab main dekha.
Woh likh raha tha jab maine dekha.
Humne socha ki woh ja raha hai.
Humne socha ki woh ja raha tha.
句型
Main ___ raha tha.
Main roz ___ tha.
Jab tum aaye, main ___ raha tha.
Bachpan mein, main ___ karta tha.
Real World Usage
Main aa raha tha, par traffic tha.
Main wahan project lead karta tha.
Hum wahan har saal jaate the.
Main khana order kar raha tha.
Main kal party kar raha tha!
Woh us samay padh raha tha.
Gender Check
Don't mix
Use adverbs
Respect
Smart Tips
Use 'raha tha' to set the background.
Use 'karta tha' for all your memories.
Use 'raha tha' to explain why you were late.
Use 'karta tha' for the past and 'karta hoon' for now.
发音
Tha/Thi/The
Ensure the 'th' is aspirated (like 'th' in 'thin').
Question
Kya tum ja rahe the? ↑
Rising intonation at the end for yes/no questions.
记住它
记忆技巧
Continuous is 'Raha' (Moving/Running), Habitual is 'Ta' (Time/Routine).
视觉联想
Imagine a 'Raha' runner sprinting (continuous action) and a 'Ta' clock ticking (repeated routine).
Rhyme
Raha tha for action in the flow, Ta tha for habits of long ago.
Story
Yesterday, I was cooking (raha tha). I remembered that in college, I used to cook every day (karta tha). Now, I am eating.
Word Web
挑战
Write 3 sentences about what you were doing 1 hour ago and 3 sentences about what you used to do as a child.
文化笔记
Habitual forms are often used to describe family traditions.
Use of 'karte the' is very common for respect.
Often drop the 'tha' in very casual speech.
Derived from Sanskrit roots combined with the auxiliary verb 'tha' (to be).
对话开场白
Bachpan mein tum kya khelte the?
Jab tumne mujhe call kiya, main kya kar raha tha?
Pehle tum kahan rehte the?
Jab baarish ho rahi thi, tum kya kar rahe the?
日记主题
常见错误
Test Yourself
Main kal school ___ raha tha.
Woh roz ___ thi.
Find and fix the mistake:
Main roz ja raha tha.
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
I was eating.
Answer starts with: Mai...
Hum ___ rahe the.
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
Use 'aksar' and 'khelta tha'.
Score: /8
练习题
8 exercisesMain kal school ___ raha tha.
Woh roz ___ thi.
Find and fix the mistake:
Main roz ja raha tha.
tha / raha / main / so
I was eating.
Hum ___ rahe the.
Match: 1. Raha tha, 2. Ta tha
Use 'aksar' and 'khelta tha'.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesMain padh ___ ___.
Which sentence is Habitual?
Hum pizza kha raha tha.
Woh cigarette pee___ ___.
Select the correct translation:
Mummy khana bana rahi thi (informal). -> Make it respectful.
Tum kya kar ___ ___?
She knew the answer.
Main naach raha tha.
Ve hans ___ ___.
Select the correct translation:
Hum cricket khel rahe hai (Past).
Score: /12
常见问题 (8)
No, that is incorrect. Use 'karta tha' for habits.
It depends on the gender of the subject.
Yes, it is the standard way to express past habits.
No, 'raha tha' is strictly past.
Default to masculine 'tha' if unsure, but try to learn the gender of the person.
Some verbs like 'chahna' (to want) are often used in habitual forms even for states.
Use 'karte the' for respect.
Yes, it is standard Hindi.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Imperfecto
Hindi uses 'raha' for continuous and 'ta' for habitual, whereas Spanish uses one form for both.
Imparfait
Hindi requires aspectual markers ('raha' vs 'ta') to distinguish.
Präteritum
Hindi explicitly marks the aspect of the action.
Te-ita
Hindi's 'ta tha' is a dedicated habitual form.
Kana + Imperfect
Hindi's gender agreement makes it more complex.
Zai + Verb
Hindi conjugates verbs for gender and number.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
Continue With
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