Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'kitna' to ask 'how much' or 'how many', but remember to change its ending to match the noun's gender and number.
- Use 'kitna' (masculine singular) for masculine singular nouns: 'Kitna doodh?' (How much milk?)
- Use 'kitni' (feminine) for all feminine nouns: 'Kitni chai?' (How much tea?)
- Use 'kitne' (masculine plural) for masculine plural nouns: 'Kitne paise?' (How much money?)
Overview
kitna (कितना) 却有着严格的“一致性”要求。这意味着 kitna 必须随着它所修饰的名词的“性”（阴性/阳性）和“数”（单数/复数）进行变化。这对于母语为中文的同学来说是一个巨大的思维跨越。中文里，名词的性数是固定的，不会导致形容词变位；而印地语的 kitna 就像一个变色龙，必须时刻观察名词的“脸色”来调整自己的形态。掌握 kitna 不仅仅是学会一个单词，更是理解印地语“一致性”原则的敲门砖。如果你能搞定 kitna 的变化，你就等于掌握了印地语中形容词变位的核心逻辑。在日常生活中，无论是在咖啡厅问一杯咖啡的价格，还是在大学里问有多少同学一起去图书馆，kitna 都是你避不开的高频词。记住，印地语的语法逻辑是“跟随”，而中文的逻辑是“独立”。理解了这一点，你就已经成功了一半。Kitna 在印地语语法中被归类为“可变形容词”。在中文里，形容词（如“好”、“大”、“多”）是完全不变的，无论修饰的名词是什么。但在印地语中，形容词如果以 -ā (आ) 结尾，它就必须根据名词的属性进行调整。具体来说，kitna 的变化规则如下：- 1当修饰“阳性单数”名词时，使用
kitna(कितना)。 - 2当修饰“阳性复数”名词或处于“斜格” (oblique case) 时，使用
kitne(कितने)。 - 3当修饰“阴性”名词（无论单复数）时，使用
kitni(कितनी)。
kitna 的词形变化来承载这些信息。比如“多少水”，水在印地语里是阳性单数，所以是 kitna dūdh；“多少茶”，茶在印地语里是阴性，所以必须用 kitni chāy。要注意的是，印地语中还有一种“斜格” (oblique case) 的概念。当名词后面接了后置词（类似中文的助词，如“在……里”、“从……来”）时，名词会发生变化，此时 kitna 也要随之变为 kitne。这在中文里是完全不存在的语法现象，因为中文名词没有格位变化。你可以把这理解为一种“语法上的连带责任”：当名词因为后置词而改变形态时，前面的修饰语 kitna 也必须跟着变，以保持句子的和谐。कितना पानी (多少水) |कितने लोग (多少人) |कितने कमरे में (在多少房间里) |कितनी चाय (多少茶) |kitni 是最容易的，因为它在阴性情况下“以不变应万变”。最需要注意的就是 kitne，它既负责阳性复数，又负责斜格情况，是使用频率最高的形态。Kitna 的使用场景非常广泛，基本覆盖了所有需要量化的对话。首先是询问数量，比如在买菜时询问重量或个数。其次是询问价格，这是最实用的场景。在印地语中，问价格时通常会用到斜格，所以你会听到很多 kitne ka（这个多少钱？）。这里 kitne 变化是因为它修饰的是隐含的“卢比”（rupaye，阳性复数，斜格）。kitna 也常用于询问时间与距离。比如问“需要多少时间”，你会说 kitna samay，因为 samay (时间) 是阳性单数。如果你要问“几点钟”，你会用 kitne baje，因为 baje 本身就是一个斜格形式。最后，kitna 还可以表达感叹，比如 kitna sundar! (多漂亮啊！)。在这种情况下，它起到了“多么”的意思，语法逻辑依然是一致的。对于初学者，建议从最简单的名词搭配开始练习，比如在微信上给印度朋友发消息时，尝试用 kitne log (多少人) 或 kitna paisa (多少钱) 来进行简单的询问，通过不断的实践，这种“变位”的语感会慢慢形成。kitna 时最容易犯以下错误：- 1忽视名词的性： 我们习惯了中文没有性别，所以经常不管名词是阴性还是阳性，一律使用
kitna。这是最典型的母语负迁移。*纠正：* 每次背单词时，一定要记下名词的性别（阳性还是阴性）。 - 2复数形式的混淆： 中文表达复数通常加“们”或直接用数词，而印地语的复数会引起词尾变化。很多同学会说
kitna log，因为在中文里“多少人”不需要变化。*纠正：* 记住log(人) 是阳性复数，必须用kitne。 - 3对斜格的恐惧： 当句子变长，出现
में(在...里) 或से(从...) 时，同学往往忘记改变kitna的形态。这是因为中文语法里没有“格”的概念。*纠正：* 只要看到后置词，立刻检查前面的名词和形容词是否需要变成e结尾。
kitna 与其他形容词的对比：e |kitna 就像是一个必须根据环境调整自己的“零件”。一旦你理解了这种“连带变化”，你就会发现印地语其实非常有逻辑性。这种逻辑类似于德语或法语的语法，如果你有接触过其他外语，会更容易理解，但作为中文母语者，关键是要克服“懒惰”的思维，主动去识别名词的性数。- 1问：为什么有时候用
kitne，有时候用kitna？
kitna，阳性复数或斜格用 kitne。这就像是印地语的“语法协议”。- 1问：阴性名词是不是永远用
kitni？
kitna 永远是 kitni。这其实是减轻了我们的记忆负担。- 1问：如果我不确定名词的性，该怎么办？
Kitna Agreement Table
| Form | Noun Gender | Noun Number | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Kitna
|
Masculine
|
Singular
|
Kitna doodh
|
|
Kitni
|
Feminine
|
Singular/Plural
|
Kitni chai
|
|
Kitne
|
Masculine
|
Plural
|
Kitne dost
|
Meanings
Used to inquire about the quantity or amount of a noun. It functions as an interrogative adjective.
Uncountable Quantity
Asking about mass nouns (liquid, abstract, bulk).
“कितना समय बचा है? (Kitna samay bacha hai?)”
“कितना काम है? (Kitna kaam hai?)”
Countable Plural
Asking about countable items in plural form.
“कितने लोग आए हैं? (Kitne log aaye hain?)”
“कितने सेब चाहिए? (Kitne seb chahiye?)”
Feminine Quantity
Asking about feminine nouns regardless of countability.
“कितनी चीनी चाहिए? (Kitni cheeni chahiye?)”
“कितनी किताबें हैं? (Kitni kitabein hain?)”
Reference Table
| 性别/数量 | 疑问词 | 示例名词 | 完整短语 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
阳性单数
|
Kitna (कितना)
|
Paisa (钱)
|
Kitna paisa?
|
|
阳性复数
|
Kitne (कितने)
|
Dost (朋友)
|
Kitne dost?
|
|
阴性单数
|
Kitni (कितनी)
|
Chai (茶)
|
Kitni chai?
|
|
阴性复数
|
Kitni (कितनी)
|
Kursiyan (椅子)
|
Kitni kursiyan?
|
|
间接格（通用问价）
|
Kitne (कितने)
|
Ka (的价格)
|
Ye kitne ka hai?
|
正式程度
यह कितने का है? (Shopping)
यह कितने का है? (Shopping)
कितने का है? (Shopping)
कितने का पड़ा? (Shopping)
Kitna 的世界
阳性
- Kitna 单数 (钱/时间)
- Kitne 复数 (人/卢比)
阴性
- Kitni 单数与复数 (茶/夜晚)
Kitna vs 英语
如何选择正确的形式
名词是阴性吗？
是复数或尊称吗？
常见名词配对
Kitna (阳单)
- • Paani (水)
- • Samay (时间)
- • Dard (疼痛)
Kitni (阴性)
- • Chai (茶)
- • Coffee (咖啡)
- • Bhir (人群)
Kitne (阳复)
- • Log (人)
- • Dost (朋友)
- • Rupaye (卢比)
按水平分级的例句
कितना पानी?
How much water?
कितनी चाय?
How much tea?
कितने सेब?
How many apples?
कितना दूध?
How much milk?
आपको कितना समय चाहिए?
How much time do you need?
कितनी किताबें खरीदीं?
How many books did you buy?
कितने लोग आए थे?
How many people came?
कितनी चीनी डालूँ?
How much sugar should I add?
उसने कितनी मेहनत की?
How much hard work did he do?
कितने पैसे खर्च हुए?
How much money was spent?
कितना शोर है यहाँ!
How much noise is there here!
कितनी बार कहा है?
How many times have I told you?
कितने प्रतिशत अंक मिले?
What percentage of marks did you get?
कितनी दूर है स्टेशन?
How far is the station?
कितना अनुभव है आपको?
How much experience do you have?
कितने विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?
How many options are available?
कितनी जटिलता है इस समस्या में?
How much complexity is in this problem?
कितना प्रभाव पड़ा निर्णय का?
How much impact did the decision have?
कितने आयाम हैं इसके?
How many dimensions does this have?
कितनी संवेदनशीलता की आवश्यकता है?
How much sensitivity is required?
कितना औचित्य है इस तर्क का?
How much justification is there for this argument?
कितनी विसंगतियाँ पाई गई हैं?
How many discrepancies have been found?
कितने प्रतिमान बदले हैं?
How many paradigms have changed?
कितना विरोधाभास है इसमें?
How much contradiction is in this?
容易混淆
Learners mix up quantity and identity.
Both relate to quantity.
Using singular for plural nouns.
常见错误
Kitna chai?
Kitni chai?
Kitna log?
Kitne log?
Kitni doodh?
Kitna doodh?
Kitna kitabein?
Kitni kitabein?
Kitna paise?
Kitne paise?
Kitni kaam?
Kitna kaam?
Kitne pani?
Kitna pani?
Kitna baje?
Kitne baje?
Kitni samay?
Kitna samay?
Kitne shanti?
Kitni shanti?
Kitna himmat?
Kitni himmat?
Kitne prabhav?
Kitna prabhav?
Kitni prayas?
Kitna prayas?
Kitne gyan?
Kitna gyan?
句型
___ ___ chahiye?
___ ___ hai?
___ ___ lagega?
___ ___ ki zaroorat hai?
Real World Usage
Yeh kitne ka hai?
Kitni chai chahiye?
Kitni door hai?
Kitna samay lagega?
Kitne likes mile?
Kitna bill hua?
问价钱的“万能公式”
Kitne ka hai?。这在 90% 的情况下都管用。别死磕 'Many'
kitne 或 kitni 即可，比如 Kitne ladke。砍价时的“戏剧感”
Kitna mehenga hai!（太贵了！）是标准开场白。记得带点夸张的语气哦！Smart Tips
Use 'Kitne ka' for price.
Use 'Kitne baje' for time.
Listen to the verb ending.
Use 'Kitni door'.
发音
Nasalization
The 'n' in kitna is soft. Ensure the tongue touches the roof of the mouth.
Stress
Stress the first syllable.
Question Rising
Kitna doodh? ↗
Standard inquiry.
记住它
记忆技巧
Kitna, Kitni, Kitne—match the ending to the noun, just like a key to a door.
视觉联想
Imagine a scale. On the left, a heavy jug (Masculine: Kitna). On the right, a delicate teacup (Feminine: Kitni). In the middle, a group of friends (Masculine Plural: Kitne).
Rhyme
Kitna for the boy, Kitni for the girl, Kitne for the many, around the world.
Story
Rohan went to the market. He asked 'Kitna doodh?' (masculine). Then he asked 'Kitni cheeni?' (feminine). Finally, he asked 'Kitne seb?' (plural). The shopkeeper smiled because Rohan got all his agreements right.
Word Web
挑战
Look around your room and ask 'How much/many' for 5 items using the correct kitna/kitni/kitne form.
文化笔记
In markets, 'Kitna?' is often used alone to ask the price.
Use 'Kitni matra' for formal quantity inquiries.
Youth often use 'Kitne ka' for price.
Derived from Sanskrit 'kiyat' (how much).
对话开场白
Aaj kitna kaam hai?
Aapko kitni chai chahiye?
Kitne log party mein aa rahe hain?
Is project mein kitna samay lagega?
日记主题
常见错误
Test Yourself
kitne ka/ki 是最地道的表达方式，通常隐含了“多少钱”这个复数概念。Score: /3
练习题
8 exercises___ doodh chahiye?
___ chai bani hai?
Find and fix the mistake:
Kitna kitabein hai?
Kitna seb chahiye? (to plural)
A: ___ paise hue? B: 100 rupaye.
Sort: Doodh, Chai, Log
___ samay lagega?
Match: Pani, Gaadi, Dost
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercisesRoom mein ___ log hain?
Tumhe ___ bhookh lagi hai?
Ye movie kitna lamba hai?
多少牛奶？
匹配性别/数量
好美的景色！
Aapki umar ___ hai?
hain / gadiyan / wahan / kitni ?
Aapki kitna beta hai?
Delhi yahan se ___ door hai?
Score: /10
常见问题 (8)
Hindi grammar treats all feminine nouns as taking the 'kitni' form, regardless of whether they are singular or plural.
No, that will sound incorrect to native speakers. You must match the gender and number.
Yes, 'Kitni door hai?' is how you ask how far something is.
Most nouns ending in 'aa' are masculine, but there are exceptions. It's best to learn the gender with the noun.
The word itself doesn't change, but the surrounding sentence structure (like using 'aap') makes it formal.
Try to use the masculine singular 'kitna' as a default, but try to learn the correct gender as soon as possible.
Kitna is for questions, while 'jitna' is for statements like 'as much as'.
Yes, but for A2 level, focus on the nominative form first.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Cuánto/Cuánta/Cuántos/Cuántas
Spanish has four forms; Hindi has three.
Combien de
French does not change based on gender.
Wie viel
German does not use gender agreement for this.
Ikura / Ikutsu
No gender agreement.
Kam
No gender agreement for 'how much'.
Duoshao / Ji
No gender agreement.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
相关视频
Related Grammar Rules
印地语最高级：最好的，最坏的 (Sabse)
### Overview 在学习印地语的过程中，掌握最高级表达是迈向B2水平的关键一步。在中文里，我们表达最高级非常简单，通常只需要在...
“只有”的力量：使用 Hi (ही) 表示强调
### Overview 在学习印地语的过程中，你会发现有一种小词像“调味剂”一样，能瞬间改变句子的语气和重心，这就是我们要学的 `ही`...
副词强化词：非常、相当和有点 (Bahut/Kāfī)
概述 你会说“好”或“快”。但要真正表达自己——无论是吐槽烂片还是赞美大餐——你需要细腻的表达。这条规则教你如何用副词控制形容词...
印地语口语重叠词：双写形容词 (गरम-गरम)
Overview 你知道当你的美团外卖送到时，你非常希望薯条是“烫烫的”，而不仅仅是温的吗？在中文里我们经常叠词，印地语也一样！他...
在印地语中比较事物：更好、更多和最好 (से, ज़्यादा, सब से)
### Overview 在学习印地语的过程中，比较级（Comparative）和最高级（Superlative）是构建复杂观点和细致描述的核心。对于以中...
