B1 Verb System 13 min read 简单

正式将来时:将要 + 动词 (khāstan)

在正式场合,波斯语用助动词 khāh 加上动词的“短词干”来表示将来。记住这几个关键词: khāhamkhāhikhāhad

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

To express the future in Persian, conjugate the auxiliary verb 'khāstan' (to want) and add the short infinitive of your main verb.

  • Conjugate 'khāstan' for the subject: 'man khāham', 'to khāhi', etc.
  • Place the short infinitive (infinitive minus 'an') after the conjugated auxiliary.
  • For negatives, add the 'na-' prefix to the auxiliary verb: 'man nakhāham raft'.
Subject + [Khāstan Conjugated] + [Short Infinitive] + Verb

Overview

概览
你是否曾经在 BBC 波斯语频道看过正式的新闻广播,或者读过一本严肃的小说,注意到有些动词看起来有点像“想要”(want),但又不太讲得通?那就是将来时(Future Tense)在起作用。与我们在街头俚语中简单地用现在时来谈论明天(比如“我明天去”)不同,这是波斯语中表达“将要”(will)的*官方*方式。它是动词时态中的燕尾服——精确、结构化,主要用于当你想要听起来专业、富有诗意,或者对接下来发生的事情绝对确定的时候。
这个语法是如何工作的
在中文里,我们在动词前加“将”或“会”(例如“我会去”)。波斯语做的事情非常相似!它使用动词 خواستن(khāstan - 想要)的一个简化版本作为助动词。你变位这个助动词,并将其严格地放在主要动作动词之前。但这里有个转折:主要动词根本不变位——它冻结在其短过去式形式中。这就像在说“我-将要 去了”,但意思是“我会去”。
构成模式
创建将来时是一个可预测的 3 步流水线。助动词没有例外,没有奇怪的不规则变化。
  1. 1取助动词 خواستن(khāstan)。使用它的现在词干 خواه(khāh)。
  2. 2直接将人称词尾添加到 خواه(khāh)。不要添加前缀 mi-(mi)。
  • khāham(我将)
  • khāhi(你将)
  • khāhad(他/她/它将)
  • khāhim(我们将)
  • khāhid(你们将)
  • khāhand(他们将)
  1. 1添加主要动词的短不定式(过去词干)。你可以通过取完整不定式(如 رفتن - raftan)并切掉最后的 ن(an)来找到它。所以 raftan 变成了 raft
公式: 主语 + 变位后的 khāh + 短不定式
例子: Man + khāham + raft = Man khāham raft(我会去)。
何时使用它
这是 B1 级别的一个游戏规则改变者,因为它表明你知道随意聊天和正式结构之间的区别。
  • 正式写作: 新闻文章、学术论文、公函。
  • 新闻广播: 主播几乎只使用这种形式。
  • 强调/确定性: 当你想做出听起来很沉重的誓言或承诺时。“我*一定*会找到你。”
  • 文学: 诗歌和小说喜欢这种形式,因为它有节奏感。
*注意:* 在日常发短信或与朋友聊天时,你很少会听到这个。你会简单地说 fardā miram(我明天去)而不是 fardā khāham raft
常见错误
  • “想要”的陷阱: 混淆 khāham raft(我会去)和 mikhāham beravam(我想去)。注意“想要”中的 mi- 前缀和虚拟语气主要动词。将来时更干净——没有 mi-,没有 be-
  • 三明治错误: 把词放在助动词 khāham 和主要动词 raft 之间。它们是最好的朋友;让它们在一起。不要说 khāham fardā raft。要说 fardā khāham raft
  • 使用完整不定式:khāham raftan。错!切掉那个 n。必须是短词干 raft
与类似模式的对比
让我们理清“想要”、“将来”和“口语将来”之间的混淆:
  • 正式将来时: Man khāham nevesht(我会写)。*死板,官方。*
  • 想要(Want to): Man mikhāham benevisam(我想写)。*有 mi- 和虚拟语气。*
  • 口语将来时: Man dāram minevisam(我在写 [很快])或者只是 Man minevisam(我写 [明天])。*你在德黑兰咖啡馆里实际听到的。*
快速常见问题解答 (FAQ)
问:我点披萨的时候可以用这个吗?
答:你*可以*,但你会听起来像个 19 世纪的时间旅行者。点披萨还是用现在时吧。
问:主要动词会变吗?
答:不会!无论是“我会去”还是“他们会去”,主要动词部分(raft)保持完全相同。只有 khāh- 部分会变。
问:我怎么把它变成否定形式?
答:简单!在助动词上加 na-nakhāham raft(我不会去)。

Conjugation of 'Khāstan' (Future Auxiliary)

Pronoun Khāstan (Auxiliary) Short Infinitive Full Future Form
Man (I)
khāham
raft
khāham raft
To (You)
khāhi
raft
khāhi raft
U (He/She)
khāhad
raft
khāhad raft
Mā (We)
khāhim
raft
khāhim raft
Shomā (You pl.)
khāhid
raft
khāhid raft
Ānhā (They)
khāhand
raft
khāhand raft

Meanings

The future tense is used to describe actions that will occur after the present moment. It is formed by using the auxiliary verb 'khāstan' (to want/will) followed by the short infinitive of the main verb.

1

Predictive Future

Actions expected to happen in the future.

“او کتاب را خواهد خواند”

“ما در آینده موفق خواهیم شد”

2

Intentional Future

Expressing a firm plan or intention.

“من این کار را انجام خواهم داد”

“آنها به سفر خواهند رفت”

Reference Table

Reference table for 正式将来时:将要 + 动词 (khāstan)
主语 助动词 (Khāh) 主动词 (短词干) 完整短语
Man (我)
khāham
raft
خواهم رفت
To (你)
khāhi
raft
خواهی رفت
U (他/她)
khāhad
raft
خواهد رفت
Mā (我们)
khāhim
raft
خواهیم رفت
Shomā (你们/您)
khāhid
raft
خواهید رفت
Ānhā (他们)
khāhand
raft
خواهند رفت

正式程度

正式
من به فروشگاه خواهم رفت.

من به فروشگاه خواهم رفت. (Daily life)

中性
من به فروشگاه می‌روم.

من به فروشگاه می‌روم. (Daily life)

非正式
فروشگاه می‌رم.

فروشگاه می‌رم. (Daily life)

俚语
می‌زنم به چاک (going to leave/go).

می‌زنم به چاک (going to leave/go). (Daily life)

将来时结构解析

将来时

主语

  • Man / To / U... 代词

助动词

  • Khāh + 词尾 khāham, khāhi...

主动词

  • 短不定式 过去时词干 (例如 Raft)

将来时 vs. 想要 vs. 口语

将来时 (正式)
Khāham raft 我将去
想要 (意愿)
Mikhāham beravam 我想去
口语 (将来)
Miram 我去 (明天)

构建将来时动词

1

从 'Khāstan' 开始。去掉 'mi-'?

YES
是的 -> 得到 'khāh'
NO
停止。必须去掉 'mi-'。
2

加上人称词尾?

YES
khāh + am = khāham
NO
必须与主语匹配。
3

加上完整不定式?

YES
不!去掉 'an'。
NO
加上短词干 (如 'did')。完成!

常见的将来时语境

📺

正式新闻

  • 总统将访问
  • 物价将上涨
🤝

承诺

  • 我将支付
  • 我们将提供帮助
📖

文学作品

  • 他将死去
  • 爱将永存

按水平分级的例句

1

من خواهم رفت

I will go

2

تو خواهی آمد

You will come

3

او خواهد دید

He/she will see

4

ما خواهیم خورد

We will eat

1

من فردا خواهم آمد

I will come tomorrow

2

آیا تو خواهی آمد؟

Will you come?

3

من نخواهم رفت

I will not go

4

آنها خواهند نوشت

They will write

1

من در این پروژه کار خواهم کرد

I will work on this project

2

او به ما کمک خواهد کرد

He will help us

3

شما این کتاب را خواهید خواند

You will read this book

4

ما هرگز فراموش نخواهیم کرد

We will never forget

1

این تصمیم آینده ما را تغییر خواهد داد

This decision will change our future

2

آیا شما در کنفرانس شرکت خواهید کرد؟

Will you participate in the conference?

3

او هرگز چنین حرفی نخواهد زد

He will never say such a thing

4

ما به زودی نتیجه را اعلام خواهیم کرد

We will announce the result soon

1

تحقیقات ما نشان خواهد داد که این نظریه درست است

Our research will show that this theory is correct

2

دولت اقدامات جدیدی را اجرا خواهد کرد

The government will implement new measures

3

این تغییرات تأثیر عمیقی بر جامعه خواهد گذاشت

These changes will have a deep impact on society

4

هیچ‌کس نمی‌تواند مانع پیشرفت ما خواهد شد

No one can stop our progress

1

آینده‌نگری دقیق، مسیر توسعه را هموار خواهد ساخت

Precise foresight will pave the path of development

2

این واقعه در تاریخ ثبت خواهد شد

This event will be recorded in history

3

او در نهایت به حقیقت پی خواهد برد

He will eventually realize the truth

4

ما بر این چالش‌ها فائق خواهیم آمد

We will overcome these challenges

容易混淆

Formal Future Tense: Will + Verb (khāstan) 对比 Present Continuous vs. Future

Learners often use the Present Continuous for all future events.

Formal Future Tense: Will + Verb (khāstan) 对比 Khāstan (Want) vs. Khāstan (Future)

The verb 'khāstan' means 'to want' in the present tense.

Formal Future Tense: Will + Verb (khāstan) 对比 Subjunctive vs. Future

Both involve future events.

常见错误

man khāham raftan

man khāham raft

Do not keep the -an suffix.

man khāstan raft

man khāham raft

Must conjugate the auxiliary.

man nakhāstan raft

man nakhāham raft

Must conjugate the negative auxiliary.

man khāham raft-e

man khāham raft

No extra suffixes needed.

to khāham raft

to khāhi raft

Subject-verb agreement error.

u khāham raft

u khāhad raft

Subject-verb agreement error.

man raft khāham

man khāham raft

Word order error.

man khāham raftam

man khāham raft

Double conjugation error.

man nakhāham raftan

man nakhāham raft

Negative + infinitive error.

man khāham rafti

man khāham raft

Incorrect suffix on main verb.

man khāham ke raft

man khāham raft

Unnecessary conjunction.

man khāham raft-e-am

man khāham raft

Confusing with perfect tense.

man khāham raft-e-shod

man khāham raft

Confusing with passive.

句型

من ___ خواهم کرد.

آیا شما ___ خواهید کرد؟

او هرگز ___ نخواهد کرد.

ما در آینده ___ خواهیم شد.

Real World Usage

News Report constant

دولت قیمت‌ها را افزایش خواهد داد.

Job Interview common

من در این شرکت پیشرفت خواهم کرد.

Academic Paper very common

این تحقیق به بررسی این موضوع خواهد پرداخت.

Formal Email common

من به زودی با شما تماس خواهم گرفت.

Social Media Post occasional

ما به زودی خبرهای خوبی خواهیم داشت.

Travel Brochure common

شما از این مکان لذت خواهید برد.

⚠️

绝对不要加 Mi-

在正式将来时中,助动词和主动词都不能带 mi- 前缀。比如要说
Man khāham raft
,千万别说成
Man mikhāham raft
💬

看场合说话

如果你给朋友发微信用这个时态,听起来会像古装剧里的台词!它主要出现在文章、新闻或正式演讲中,比如
U khāhad āmad
🎯

词干提取秘籍

想快速找到主动词形式?直接想它的简单过去时“他”的形式。比如“他去了”是 Raft,这就是你要的词干!
Man khāham raft

Smart Tips

Check if the first is 'khāstan'. If so, it's likely the future tense.

man khāstan raft man khāham raft

Always use the 'khāstan' future to sound professional.

man miam man khāham āmad

Look for 'khāhad' + verb; it's the standard for future events.

dolat miare dolat khāhad āvard

Use the future tense to show strong commitment.

man kār mikonam man kār khāham kard

发音

/xɒːstæn/

Khāstan

The 'kh' is a voiceless velar fricative, like the 'ch' in Scottish 'loch'.

Declarative

Man khāham raft. ↘

Falling intonation at the end of a statement.

Interrogative

To khāhi raft? ↗

Rising intonation for yes/no questions.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of 'Khāstan' as a 'Key' that unlocks the future door.

视觉联想

Imagine a person holding a key (Khāstan) and putting it into a lock (the verb) to open a door to the future.

Rhyme

Khāham, khāhi, khāhad too, future actions we will do!

Story

A traveler stands at a crossroads. He holds a golden key labeled 'Khāstan'. He inserts it into the door of 'Tomorrow'. He turns the key and walks into his future.

Word Web

khāstanraftankardanāmadanneveshtankhāham

挑战

Write 3 sentences about what you will do tomorrow using the formal future tense.

文化笔记

In Tehran, the formal future is rarely used in speech. It sounds very literary or like a news anchor.

In university settings, the formal future is expected in written assignments.

Poetry often uses the future tense for dramatic effect.

The future tense in Persian originated from the verb 'khāstan' (to want/desire), which grammaticalized into a future marker.

对话开场白

فردا چه کار خواهید کرد؟

آیا فکر می‌کنید در آینده تکنولوژی پیشرفت خواهد کرد؟

آیا در تعطیلات به سفر خواهید رفت؟

آیا فکر می‌کنید سال آینده موفق خواهید شد؟

日记主题

Write about your plans for the next year using the formal future tense.
Describe how you think the world will change in 50 years.
Write a formal letter to a company about your future goals.
Predict what you will be doing tomorrow at this time.

常见错误

Incorrect

正确


Incorrect

正确


Incorrect

正确


Incorrect

正确

Test Yourself

在空格处填入 'khāstan' 对应 '我们' (Mā) 的正确将来时形式。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
对于 'Mā' (我们),词尾是 '-im',所以助动词是 'khāhim'。
哪句话正确表达了“她将买”?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
你需要助动词 'khāhad' + 短过去时词干 'kharid'。'Kharidan' 是完整不定式(错误),而 'mikhāhad' 意思是“她想要”(错误)。
找出这句正式句子中的错误。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
将来时需要短不定式(过去时词干)。去掉 'neveshtan' 后面的 'an' 得到 'nevesht'。

Score: /3

练习题

8 exercises
Fill in the correct form of 'khāstan'.

من فردا به تهران ___ رفت.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: خواهم
Man (I) requires the 'khāham' conjugation.
Choose the correct future sentence. 多项选择

Which sentence is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: من خواهم رفت
The short infinitive 'raft' is used, not 'raftan'.
Fix the error in the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

او خواهی آمد.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: او خواهد آمد
U (He/She) requires the 'khāhad' conjugation.
Change to negative. Sentence Transformation

ما خواهیم نوشت.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ما نخواهیم نوشت
The 'na-' prefix attaches to the auxiliary.
Conjugate for 'Shomā'. Conjugation Drill

شما ___ خواهید کرد.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: کار
The short infinitive is 'kār'.
Match the pronoun to the auxiliary. Match Pairs

Match: Man, To, U, Mā

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: khāham, khāhi, khāhad, khāhim
Standard conjugation order.
Order the words correctly. Sentence Building

فردا / خواهم / رفت / من

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: من فردا خواهم رفت
Subject + Time + Verb is the standard order.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: آیا فردا می‌آیی؟ B: بله، من ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: خواهم آمد
Responding to 'you' with 'I'.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
完成句子:'他们明天将来' (āmadan -> āmad)。 填空

Ānhā fardā ___ āmad.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: khāhand
选择正确的否定形式:'我将不去'。 多项选择

哪个是正确的?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Man nakhāham raft.
修正语序。 Error Correction

Man khāham ghazā khord.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Man ghazā khāham khord.
为 '你 (单数)' 进行变位:'didan' (看)。 填空

To fardā u rā ___ did.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: khāhi
哪句话表示“我将去” (Future) 而不是“我想去” (Present)? 多项选择

选择将来时句子:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Man khāham raft.
将代词与正确的助动词形式连线。 Match Pairs

匹配配对:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ["Man : kh\u0101ham","M\u0101 : kh\u0101him","U : kh\u0101had","Shom\u0101 : kh\u0101hid"]
'budan' (是) 的将来时。'一切都会好起来的'。 填空

Hame chiz khub ___ bud.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: khāhad
找出错误:'我们将留下'。 Error Correction

Mā khāhim māndan.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Change 'māndan' to 'mānd'
哪一个是“你们将读”的正式表达方式? 多项选择

正式将来时:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Shomā khāhid khānd.
否定句子:'他将不买'。 填空

U ___ kharid.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: nakhāhad

Score: /10

常见问题 (8)

Rarely. In casual conversation, Persians use the present tense with a time marker.

The -an is the infinitive marker. When you use an auxiliary verb, you only need the stem.

Yes, but it's rare and can be confusing. 'Man mikhāham ke raftan-e-am rā ...' is better.

Yes, 'khāham raft' is formal and predictive; 'miravam' is immediate and casual.

The future tense uses the short infinitive, which is usually based on the past stem. It's very consistent.

No, this is strictly for the future.

Add 'na-' to the auxiliary verb: 'nakhāham raft'.

Yes, it is often used for dramatic or prophetic effect.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

English high

will + verb

Persian 'khāstan' is conjugated for person, English 'will' is invariant.

Spanish moderate

ir a + infinitive

Spanish uses 'ir' (to go), Persian uses 'khāstan' (to want).

German high

werden + infinitive

German 'werden' is specifically for the future, 'khāstan' has other meanings.

Japanese low

verb + darou

Japanese is agglutinative; Persian is analytic/synthetic.

Arabic moderate

sa- + verb

Arabic is a prefix; Persian is a separate word.

Chinese moderate

yào + verb

Chinese 'yào' is not conjugated; Persian 'khāstan' is.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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