Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
When a verb stem ends in ㅂ, drop the ㅂ and add 우 or 워 when adding vowel-starting endings.
- If the stem ends in ㅂ, remove it: 춥다 (cold) -> 춥-
- Add 우: 춥- -> 추우-
- Add the ending: 추우 + 어요 = 추워요 (It is cold).
Overview
맵다）会突然变成 매워요？看起来就像字母 ㅂ 决定辞职去度假了。在韩语中，有些动词和形容词有点小情绪。它们不遵循你在 1 级学到的标准规则。ㅂ 不规则变化是韩语中最常见的“Bug”之一，但一旦你识破了规律，它就像韩剧的情节扭转一样可以预见。这个规则主要影响描述感觉、天气或味道的形容词——也就是你每天在 Instagram 或 KakaoTalk 上聊的那些内容。 [其余部分...]Conjugation Table (ㅂ-Irregular)
| Dictionary | Stem | Polite (-어요) | Formal (-습니다) |
|---|---|---|---|
|
춥다
|
춥-
|
추워요
|
춥습니다
|
|
덥다
|
덥-
|
더워요
|
덥습니다
|
|
맵다
|
맵-
|
매워요
|
맵습니다
|
|
어렵다
|
어렵-
|
어려워요
|
어렵습니다
|
|
쉽다
|
쉽-
|
쉬워요
|
쉽습니다
|
|
돕다
|
돕-
|
도와요
|
돕습니다
|
Meanings
This rule describes a specific group of Korean adjectives and verbs where the final consonant 'ㅂ' changes to '우' before vowel-initial suffixes.
Adjective Modification
Used to describe states like hot, cold, or spicy.
“물이 뜨거워요.”
“김치가 매워요.”
Verb Conjugation
Used for actions like helping (돕다) or walking (걷다 - though 걷다 is a different irregular).
“제가 도와줄게요.”
“어려운 문제를 풀어요.”
Reference Table
| 原形 (词典形式) | 非正式尊敬阶 (-아요/어요) | 过去时 (-았/었어) | 形容词定语 (-ㄴ/은) |
|---|---|---|---|
|
춥다 (冷)
|
추워요
|
추웠어요
|
추운
|
|
덥다 (热)
|
더워요
|
더웠어요
|
더운
|
|
맵다 (辣)
|
매워요
|
매웠어요
|
매운
|
|
쉽다 (容易)
|
쉬워요
|
쉬웠어요
|
쉬운
|
|
어렵다 (难)
|
어려워요
|
어려웠어요
|
어려운
|
|
돕다 (帮助)
|
도와요
|
도왔어요
|
도운
|
|
입다 (穿 - 规则)
|
입어요
|
입었어요
|
입은
|
正式程度
춥습니다. (Weather)
추워요. (Weather)
추워. (Weather)
개추워. (Weather)
ㅂ 动词分类地图
不规则 (形容词)
- 춥다 冷
- 맵다 辣
规则 (动作词)
- 입다 穿
- 잡다 抓
不规则 vs 规则变位对比
如何进行 ㅂ 变位
后面接的是元音吗？
是 돕다 或 곱다 吗？
常用 ㅂ 形容词
感官
- • 매워요 (辣)
- • 차가워요 (冰凉)
- • 싱거워요 (淡)
情感
- • 고마워요 (感谢)
- • 반가워요 (高兴)
- • 무서워요 (害怕)
按水平分级的例句
날씨가 추워요.
The weather is cold.
김치가 매워요.
Kimchi is spicy.
오늘 너무 더워요.
It is too hot today.
이게 어려워요.
This is difficult.
어제는 정말 추웠어요.
It was really cold yesterday.
매운 음식을 좋아해요?
Do you like spicy food?
도와주세요!
Please help me!
가벼운 가방을 샀어요.
I bought a light bag.
문제가 어려우니까 천천히 하세요.
Since the problem is difficult, take your time.
더우면 에어컨을 켜세요.
If it's hot, turn on the AC.
그분은 참 고마운 분이에요.
That person is a very thankful (helpful) person.
도와줄 수 있어요?
Can you help me?
그는 어려운 상황에서도 웃음을 잃지 않았습니다.
He did not lose his smile even in a difficult situation.
날씨가 더워질수록 시원한 음료가 생각나요.
The hotter it gets, the more I think of cold drinks.
도와주셔서 정말 감사합니다.
Thank you so much for helping me.
이 문제는 해결하기가 너무 어려워요.
This problem is too difficult to solve.
매운맛의 강도는 개인마다 다르게 느껴질 수 있습니다.
The intensity of spiciness can be felt differently by each person.
어려움에 처했을 때 친구의 도움이 컸습니다.
When I was in difficulty, my friend's help was significant.
더위가 기승을 부리는 여름입니다.
It is a summer where the heat is rampant.
도와달라는 말 한마디가 쉽지 않았습니다.
Saying the words 'please help' was not easy.
그의 고마운 마음은 말로 다 표현할 수 없습니다.
His thankful heart cannot be fully expressed in words.
어려운 고비를 넘기고 나니 한결 마음이 편해졌습니다.
After overcoming the difficult hurdle, my heart felt much more at ease.
더운 기운이 가시지 않는 밤입니다.
It is a night where the heat does not dissipate.
도와주지 않으면 일을 끝낼 수 없습니다.
If you don't help, I cannot finish the work.
容易混淆
Learners think all ㅂ verbs are irregular.
Learners use '우' for 돕다.
Learners use the -어요 form for modifiers.
常见错误
춥어요
추워요
잡아요 (as irregular)
잡아요
도우요
도와요
매브요
매워요
춥지 않아요
춥지 않아요
어렵어요
어려워요
더우어요
더워요
도와주세요 (as 돕다)
도와주세요
고마우요
고마워요
무겁어요
무거워요
춥는
추운
매우는
매운
도우는
돕는
句型
오늘 날씨가 ___.
이 음식은 ___.
한국어 공부가 ___.
저를 ___.
Real World Usage
오늘 날씨 추워ㅠㅠ
이 음식은 매워요.
어려운 과제도 잘 해결합니다.
도와주세요!
오늘 너무 더워!
이거 너무 어려워요.
看‘气质’来分辨
‘乐于助人’的例外
将来时的快捷键
Smart Tips
Check if it's on the irregular list.
Remember it's an exception (오).
Use -ㄴ for irregulars.
Focus on the 'w' sound.
发音
ㅂ to 우
The ㅂ sound is replaced by a soft 'w' sound.
Statement
추워요 ↓
Falling intonation for facts.
Question
추워요? ↑
Rising intonation for questions.
记住它
记忆技巧
Think of the 'B' (ㅂ) as a balloon that pops and turns into a 'U' (우) when it gets too hot or cold.
视觉联想
Imagine a spicy pepper (맵다) that is so hot it pops its 'B' skin and turns into a 'U' shape.
Rhyme
When the B is in the way, drop it out and let U play!
Story
It was a cold (춥다) day. I tried to eat spicy (맵다) food. It was difficult (어렵다) to eat, but my friend helped (돕다) me.
Word Web
挑战
Write 5 sentences using these words in the polite -어요 form in 5 minutes.
文化笔记
Koreans are obsessed with weather and food, so these words are used constantly.
You will hear '도와주세요' (Help me!) in almost every dramatic scene.
Describing food as '매워요' is a common way to bond over meals.
The ㅂ-irregular stems from ancient Korean sound shifts where the bilabial stop weakened.
对话开场白
오늘 날씨가 어때요?
이 음식이 매워요?
한국어 공부가 어려워요?
도와줄 수 있어요?
日记主题
常见错误
Test Yourself
오늘 날씨가 너무 ___.
Find and fix the mistake:
哪一个变位是正确的？
学习很简单。
Answer starts with: 공부가...
Score: /3
练习题
8 exercises날씨가 ___ (춥다).
김치가 ___.
Find and fix the mistake:
잡어요 (Correct it).
도와주세요 / 저를 / 제발
It is hot.
춥다 - ?
어렵다 + 공부
돕다 + -어요
Score: /8
Practice Bank
5 exercises선물 정말 ___.
매워요 / 이 / 진짜 / 음식 / .
识别规则动词：
请帮帮我。
匹配词组
Score: /5
常见问题 (8)
It is a phonological shift to make pronunciation easier.
No, only some. Check the dictionary.
It is an exception and uses '오'.
Memorize the common ones like 춥다, 덥다, 맵다.
Yes, it applies to all vowel-starting endings.
Yes, but the conjugation might look different.
Yes, it is standard Korean.
People will understand, but it will sound unnatural.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Stem-changing verbs
Spanish changes based on person, Korean changes based on the following vowel.
Liaison
Liaison is about pronunciation, not spelling changes.
Strong verbs
German changes are historical, Korean changes are productive.
I-adjectives
Japanese does not have this specific consonant-to-vowel shift.
Weak verbs
Arabic roots are triconsonantal, Korean is agglutinative.
None
Chinese does not change verb forms at all.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
Continue With
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