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B1 verb #3,000 가장 일반적인 6분 분량

ساخت و ساز کردن

To construct; to build or erect something.

sakht o saz kardan
At the A1 level, you don't need to use 'ساخت و ساز کردن' often. Instead, you usually learn the simple verb 'ساختن' (to build). However, you might see this word on signs near building sites. Think of it as 'the work of building.' If you see a big crane and many workers, that is 'ساخت و ساز.' You can remember it as 'building activity.' Just know that it is a long word for 'to build' used for big houses and apartments. You won't use it for making a sandwich or a small toy. It's for big things that engineers do. In simple sentences, you can say 'They are building' (آن‌ها ساخت و ساز می‌کنند). It's a compound verb, so only the last part 'kardan' changes when you talk about different people or times.
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At the A2 level, you start to talk about your neighborhood and city. 'ساخت و ساز کردن' is useful here. You can use it to describe why a street is closed or why it is noisy. For example, 'There is a lot of construction in our street' (در خیابان ما ساخت و ساز زیاد است). As a verb, you use it to describe what companies or the government are doing. 'The company is building a new hotel' (شرکت دارد یک هتل ساخت و ساز می‌کند - though 'sākhtan' is also fine here, 'sākht o sāz' emphasizes the project). Remember the 'o' in the middle. It connects 'sākht' and 'sāz'. It's like saying 'building and making.' It's a very common sight in Iranian cities, so knowing this word helps you understand what people are complaining about when they talk about noise and dust.
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At the B1 level, you should distinguish between 'ساختن' and 'ساخت و ساز کردن.' While 'ساختن' is general, 'ساخت و ساز کردن' refers to the professional activity of construction. You will use this when discussing urban development, the economy, or real estate. For instance, if you are talking about the housing market, you might say, 'Construction has become very expensive' (ساخت و ساز کردن خیلی گران شده است). You should be able to use it in various tenses, like the present perfect (ساخت و ساز کرده‌اند) or the future (ساخت و ساز خواهند کرد). It's also the level where you start to see it in news headlines. It often appears with words like 'مجوز' (permit) or 'غیرقانونی' (illegal). Understanding this word helps you engage in conversations about city life and social changes.
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At the B2 level, you use 'ساخت و ساز کردن' to discuss complex topics like urban sprawl, environmental impact, and economic trends. You should understand the nuances of its usage in formal contexts. For example, you might discuss the 'uncontrolled construction' (ساخت و ساز بی‌رویه) in northern Iran and its effect on forests. You can use it to describe the activities of 'پیمانکاران' (contractors) and 'انبوه سازان' (mass builders). At this level, you also recognize the noun form 'ساخت و ساز' as a standalone concept. You might use it in the passive voice or with modal verbs: 'باید جلوی ساخت و ساز در این منطقه گرفته شود' (Construction in this area must be stopped). You are expected to use the verb naturally in debates about modern architecture or city planning.
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At the C1 level, 'ساخت و ساز کردن' is part of your professional and academic vocabulary. You use it to analyze the construction sector's role in the GDP or its impact on urban sociology. You understand the legal implications of the term, such as 'کمیسیون ماده ۱۰۰' which deals with construction violations. You can use the verb in sophisticated structures, perhaps using it as a gerund or within complex relative clauses. You might compare 'ساخت و ساز کردن' with more technical terms like 'نوسازی' (modernization) or 'بهسازی' (improvement). Your usage reflects an understanding of the industry's jargon, including 'سفت‌کاری' (structural work) and 'نازک‌کاری' (finishing work), all of which fall under the umbrella of 'ساخت و ساز کردن.'
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At the C2 level, you possess a native-like command of 'ساخت و ساز کردن.' You use it effortlessly in high-level discourse, perhaps critiquing the aesthetic or structural integrity of modern 'ساخت و ساز' projects. You might use it metaphorically in very specific contexts, though it remains primarily a physical verb. You are aware of the historical evolution of the term and how it relates to the 'Tehranization' of other cities. You can discuss the nuances between 'ساخت و ساز کردن' and 'احداث کردن' in legal contracts, noting that 'احداث' often implies the initial creation of a facility, while 'ساخت و ساز' covers the entire physical process. You can write editorials or technical papers where this verb is used to describe the intersection of capital, labor, and urban space.
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연습하기 예시 노트와 팁

ساخت و ساز کردن 30초 만에

  • Refers to professional or large-scale building activity.
  • A compound verb consisting of 'Sākht o Sāz' + 'Kardan'.
  • Commonly used in real estate, news, and urban planning contexts.
  • Distinct from the simple 'Sākhtan' which is more general.

The Persian verb ساخت و ساز کردن is a compound verb that translates literally to 'to do building and making.' While the simple verb ساختن (to build) can refer to anything from making a sandwich to constructing a skyscraper, ساخت و ساز کردن specifically denotes the industry, the ongoing process, or the systematic activity of construction. It is the term of choice when discussing urban development, real estate projects, or the general hustle and bustle of building sites in a city.

Etymological Nuance
The word consists of 'Sākht' (past stem of building) and 'Sāz' (present stem of making), joined by the conjunction 'o' (and). This doubling emphasizes the continuous and multifaceted nature of the work.
Scope of Use
It is predominantly used for physical infrastructure like houses, bridges, and roads, rather than abstract concepts.

در این منطقه، شرکت‌های زیادی در حال ساخت و ساز کردن هستند تا مسکن ارزان‌قیمت فراهم کنند.

— Urban Planning Report

When you use this verb, you are often implying a project-based approach. It isn't just about the act of putting one brick on another; it's about the permits, the machinery, the laborers, and the final structural result. In modern Iranian society, this term is frequently heard in the context of economic news, as the construction sector is a major driver of the national economy.

Grammatical Category
Compound Verb (Kardan-based)
Formal vs Informal
Used in both, though 'احداث کردن' is a more formal synonym in legal documents.

همسایه ما مدام در حال ساخت و ساز کردن است و سر و صدای زیادی ایجاد می‌کند.

Furthermore, the term often carries a connotation of 'development.' If a mayor says they are going to engage in construction in a district, they use this verb to imply a broad improvement of the built environment. It is less about the singular object and more about the activity itself. This is why you will often see it in the continuous tense (در حال ساخت و ساز کردن) to describe the ongoing state of a neighborhood.

قوانین جدید، ساخت و ساز کردن در نزدیکی رودخانه‌ها را ممنوع کرده است.

Using ساخت و ساز کردن requires an understanding of compound verb conjugation in Persian. The auxiliary verb کردن (to do) carries all the tense, person, and number markers, while the nominal part ساخت و ساز remains static. This makes it relatively easy to conjugate once you master the verb 'kardan'.

Present Continuous
دارم ساخت و ساز می‌کنم (I am building/constructing)
Past Simple
آن‌ها ساخت و ساز کردند (They built/constructed)
Future
دولت ساخت و ساز خواهد کرد (The government will construct)

In a sentence, the object of the construction (what is being built) usually precedes the verb, but often, ساخت و ساز کردن is used intransitively to describe the general activity. For example, 'They are building in this street' (در این خیابان ساخت و ساز می‌کنند). If you want to specify the object, it is often more natural to use the simple verb 'ساختن' (e.g., 'They built a school' - آن‌ها یک مدرسه ساختند), whereas 'ساخت و ساز کردن' is used for the process itself.

مهندسان باید قبل از ساخت و ساز کردن، خاک زمین را آزمایش کنند.

Another important aspect is the prepositional usage. You often build 'in' a place (در) or 'on' a land (روی/در زمین). Because it is a formal-sounding compound, it is frequently paired with adverbs like 'بی‌رویه' (excessive/uncontrolled) or 'اصولی' (principled/standardized).

When discussing permits, the verb is often used in the passive or as a gerund. 'The permit for construction' is 'مجوز ساخت و ساز'. If you want to say 'Construction is being done,' you would say 'ساخت و ساز انجام می‌شود'. However, using the active voice 'ساخت و ساز کردن' is the standard way to attribute the action to a developer or company.

You will encounter ساخت و ساز کردن in several specific environments. The most common is the evening news or financial newspapers. Reports on the 'housing market' (بازار مسکن) invariably use this verb to describe the volume of new projects. You'll hear phrases like 'رکود در ساخت و ساز' (recession in construction) or 'رونق ساخت و ساز' (boom in construction).

به دلیل افزایش قیمت مصالح، بسیاری از پیمانکاران از ساخت و ساز کردن دست کشیده‌اند.

Another common setting is urban administration. If you visit a 'Shahrdari' (Municipality) office in Iran, the walls are covered with posters about legal and illegal construction. Officials will talk about 'ساخت و ساز غیرمجاز' (unauthorized construction). This is a major social issue in large cities like Tehran, where developers sometimes build more floors than allowed by their permits.

Real Estate Context
Brokers use it to describe developing areas: 'این منطقه برای ساخت و ساز کردن عالی است.'
Environmental Context
Activists use it to protest: 'ساخت و ساز کردن در جنگل‌ها باید متوقف شود.'

In daily life, you might hear it from a frustrated neighbor. If there is a building site next door, the constant noise of drills and cranes is referred to as 'سر و صدای ساخت و ساز'. People will complain, 'تا کی می‌خواهند اینجا ساخت و ساز کنند؟' (How long are they going to keep building here?). It carries the weight of a long-term, heavy-duty project rather than a quick fix.

One of the most frequent errors for learners is using ساخت و ساز کردن for small-scale making. If you are building a birdhouse or a Lego castle, do not use this verb. It sounds overly industrial and slightly absurd in those contexts. Stick to ساختن or درست کردن for hobbies and small crafts.

Mistake 1: Scale
Incorrect: 'من یک جعبه ساخت و ساز کردم.' (I 'construction-ed' a box.)
Mistake 2: Missing the 'o'
Incorrect: 'ساخت ساز کردن'. You must include the 'و' (and) to connect the two stems.

اشتباه: دولت در حال ساختن و ساز کردن جاده است. (Don't add 'an' to the first part; it's 'ساخت', not 'ساختن'.)

Another mistake is confusing it with بازسازی کردن (to renovate). ساخت و ساز کردن implies building from the ground up or major structural additions. If you are just painting the walls or changing the flooring, you are not 'doing construction' in the Persian sense; you are 'renovating' or 'repairing' (تعمیر کردن).

Finally, learners often forget that this is a compound verb and try to pluralize the 'Sākht' part. It is always singular: 'ساخت و ساز کردن', never 'ساخت‌ها و سازها کردن'.

Persian has a rich vocabulary for 'building.' Understanding the nuances between ساخت و ساز کردن and its synonyms will elevate your fluency.

ساختن (Sākhtan)
The general verb 'to build/make'. It is versatile and can be used for buildings, relationships, or objects.
احداث کردن (Ehdās kardan)
A formal, Arabic-rooted synonym. Used in official news for 'founding' or 'establishing' infrastructure like dams, highways, or parks.
بنا کردن (Banā kardan)
Often used for 'founding' an institution or building a monument. It has a slightly more poetic or historical feel.
آباد کردن (Ābād kardan)
To develop or make a place flourish. This is more about the result of construction and improvement than the physical act of building.

تفاوت: 'ساختن' یعنی ایجاد کردن، اما 'ساخت و ساز کردن' یعنی فعالیت در صنعت ساختمان.

In the context of 'making' something abstract, like 'making a future,' you would never use ساخت و ساز کردن. You would use 'ساختن' (ساختن آینده). Similarly, for 'manufacturing' in a factory, the word is 'تولید کردن' (to produce). 'ساخت و ساز' is strictly for the 'built environment'—architecture and civil engineering.

How Formal Is It?

격식체

""

비격식체

""

난이도

알아야 할 문법

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수준별 예문

1

آن‌ها در این کوچه ساخت و ساز می‌کنند.

They are doing construction in this alley.

Present continuous (implied) in simple form.

2

پدرم در زمین خود ساخت و ساز کرد.

My father did construction on his land.

Past simple tense.

3

آیا شما اینجا ساخت و ساز می‌کنید؟

Are you (plural/formal) doing construction here?

Interrogative sentence.

4

ما می‌خواهیم یک خانه ساخت و ساز کنیم.

We want to construct a house.

Using 'want to' (می‌خواهیم) with the verb.

5

ساخت و ساز کردن سخت است.

Constructing is hard.

Using the infinitive as a subject.

6

او هر روز ساخت و ساز می‌کند.

He/she does construction every day.

Present simple for habitual action.

7

آن‌ها پارسال ساخت و ساز کردند.

They did construction last year.

Past simple with a time adverb.

8

من ساخت و ساز کردن را دوست ندارم.

I don't like doing construction.

Negative preference.

1

همسایه ما دارد در حیاطش ساخت و ساز می‌کند.

Our neighbor is doing construction in their yard.

Present continuous with 'dārad'.

2

چرا در این پارک ساخت و ساز می‌کنند؟

Why are they doing construction in this park?

Question with 'why'.

3

این شرکت در تمام شهر ساخت و ساز می‌کند.

This company does construction in the whole city.

Subject-verb agreement.

4

قبل از ساخت و ساز کردن، باید اجازه بگیرید.

Before doing construction, you must get permission.

Using 'before' (qabl az) with the infinitive.

5

آن‌ها یک بیمارستان جدید ساخت و ساز کردند.

They constructed a new hospital.

Past simple with a specific object.

6

سر و صدای ساخت و ساز کردن مرا اذیت می‌کند.

The noise of construction bothers me.

Noun phrase as a subject.

7

ما نباید در این منطقه ساخت و ساز کنیم.

We should not do construction in this area.

Modal verb 'should not' (nabāyad).

8

او در زمینه ساخت و ساز کردن تجربه دارد.

He has experience in the field of construction.

Prepositional phrase 'dar zamīne-ye'.

1

دولت برای حل مشکل مسکن، شروع به ساخت و ساز کرده است.

The government has started construction to solve the housing problem.

Present perfect tense (shoru' be ... karde ast).

2

بسیاری از مردم از ساخت و ساز کردن در کوهستان ناراضی هستند.

Many people are unhappy about construction in the mountains.

Prepositional phrase with 'az'.

3

آیا این شرکت مجوز قانونی برای ساخت و ساز کردن دارد؟

Does this company have a legal permit for construction?

Adjective 'qānūnī' modifying the noun.

4

آن‌ها قصد دارند در این زمین یک مجتمع تجاری ساخت و ساز کنند.

They intend to construct a commercial complex on this land.

Using 'qasd dārand' (intend to).

5

ساخت و ساز کردن در این شهر به سرعت در حال افزایش است.

Construction in this city is rapidly increasing.

Adverbial phrase 'be sor'at'.

6

او سرمایه خود را در راه ساخت و ساز کردن صرف کرد.

He spent his capital on construction.

Verb 'sarf kardan' (to spend/invest).

7

اگر باران ببارد، نمی‌توانیم ساخت و ساز کنیم.

If it rains, we cannot do construction.

Conditional sentence Type 1.

8

مهندسان در حال بررسی محل برای ساخت و ساز کردن هستند.

Engineers are surveying the site for construction.

Present continuous tense.

1

ساخت و ساز کردن بی‌رویه باعث نابودی فضاهای سبز شده است.

Uncontrolled construction has caused the destruction of green spaces.

Compound subject with an adjective.

2

پیمانکاران موظفند استانداردهای ایمنی را هنگام ساخت و ساز کردن رعایت کنند.

Contractors are obliged to observe safety standards during construction.

Using 'mozaffand' (are obliged) and 'hangām-e' (during).

3

رونق اقتصادی باعث شده است که شرکت‌های خارجی به ساخت و ساز کردن در ایران علاقه‌مند شوند.

Economic boom has made foreign companies interested in construction in Iran.

Result clause with 'bā'es shode ast ke'.

4

این منطقه به دلیل ساخت و ساز کردن مداوم، چهره‌ای مدرن به خود گرفته است.

This area has taken on a modern look due to constant construction.

Causal phrase 'be dalīl-e'.

5

شهرداری نظارت دقیقی بر روند ساخت و ساز کردن در بافت فرسوده دارد.

The municipality has strict supervision over the construction process in worn-out textures (old districts).

Complex noun phrase 'bāft-e farsūde'.

6

آن‌ها بدون توجه به قوانین زیست‌محیطی، شروع به ساخت و ساز کردند.

They started construction without regard for environmental laws.

Adverbial phrase 'bedūn-e tavajjo be'.

7

هزینه‌های ساخت و ساز کردن در سال جاری به شدت بالا رفته است.

Construction costs have risen sharply this year.

Subject with a plural 'costs'.

8

او مقاله‌ای درباره تأثیر ساخت و ساز کردن بر ترافیک شهری نوشت.

He wrote an article about the impact of construction on urban traffic.

Prepositional phrase 'darbāre-ye ta'sīr-e'.

1

تراکم‌فروشی یکی از پیامدهای منفی تمرکز بر ساخت و ساز کردن برای کسب درآمد است.

Selling density is one of the negative consequences of focusing on construction for revenue generation.

Complex academic vocabulary like 'tarākom-forūshī'.

2

تحلیلگران معتقدند که رکود در بخش ساخت و ساز کردن می‌تواند به کل اقتصاد آسیب بزند.

Analysts believe that a recession in the construction sector can damage the entire economy.

Subordinate clause with 'ke' and modal 'mītavānad'.

3

اجرای پروژه‌های بزرگ ساخت و ساز کردن نیازمند مدیریت منابع آب است.

Implementing large construction projects requires water resource management.

Gerund 'ejrā-ye' as the subject.

4

قوانین جدید، ساخت و ساز کردن در حریم رودخانه‌ها را به شدت محدود کرده است.

New laws have severely restricted construction in river boundaries.

Present perfect with an adverb.

5

تکنولوژی‌های نوین، فرآیند ساخت و ساز کردن را متحول کرده‌اند.

Modern technologies have revolutionized the construction process.

Plural subject and verb.

6

بسیاری از معماران به دنبال روش‌های پایدار برای ساخت و ساز کردن هستند.

Many architects are looking for sustainable methods for construction.

Adjective 'pāydār' (sustainable).

7

ساخت و ساز کردن در مناطق زلزله‌خیز مستلزم رعایت دقیق آیین‌نامه‌های مهندسی است.

Construction in earthquake-prone areas requires strict adherence to engineering codes.

Formal verb 'mostalzem ast' (requires/entails).

8

تضاد منافع در پروژه‌های ساخت و ساز کردن شهری اغلب منجر به دعاوی حقوقی می‌شود.

Conflict of interest in urban construction projects often leads to legal disputes.

Abstract subject 'tazād-e manāfe'.

1

پدیده ساخت و ساز کردن در حاشیه شهرها، چالش‌های ژئوپلیتیکی و اجتماعی نوینی را پدید آورده است.

The phenomenon of construction on the outskirts of cities has given rise to new geopolitical and social challenges.

High-level vocabulary 'geopolitiki' and 'padīd āvarde ast'.

2

رویکرد انتفاعی به ساخت و ساز کردن، هویت تاریخی بسیاری از محله‌های قدیمی را از بین برده است.

The profit-oriented approach to construction has destroyed the historical identity of many old neighborhoods.

Adjective 'entefā'ī' (profit-seeking).

3

در متون فقهی، احکام خاصی برای ساخت و ساز کردن در اراضی موقوفه وجود دارد.

In jurisprudential texts, there are specific rulings for construction on endowed lands.

Technical legal/religious terminology.

4

ساخت و ساز کردن به مثابه ابزاری برای بازتولید سرمایه در جوامع مدرن عمل می‌کند.

Construction functions as a tool for the reproduction of capital in modern societies.

Philosophical structure 'be masābe-ye' (as/in the guise of).

5

ضرورت بازنگری در سیاست‌های ساخت و ساز کردن به منظور انطباق با تغییرات اقلیمی بیش از پیش احساس می‌شود.

The necessity of revising construction policies to adapt to climate change is felt more than ever.

Passive structure 'ehsās mīshavad'.

6

تداخل وظایف نهادهای نظارتی، راه را برای ساخت و ساز کردن غیرقانونی هموار کرده است.

The overlap of duties of regulatory bodies has paved the way for illegal construction.

Idiomatic expression 'rāh rā hamvār kardan'.

7

معماری بومی در تقابل با موج جهانی‌سازی ساخت و ساز کردن، در حال رنگ باختن است.

Vernacular architecture is fading in contrast to the globalizing wave of construction.

Metaphorical verb 'rang bākhtan'.

8

تبیین رابطه میان ساخت و ساز کردن و پایداری شهری، نیازمند پژوهش‌های میان‌رشته‌ای است.

Explaining the relationship between construction and urban sustainability requires interdisciplinary research.

Academic gerund 'tabyīn' (explanation/elucidation).

자주 쓰는 조합

مجوز ساخت و ساز
صنعت ساخت و ساز
هزینه ساخت و ساز
ساخت و ساز غیرمجاز
رونق ساخت و ساز
رکود ساخت و ساز
قوانین ساخت و ساز
پروژه ساخت و ساز
ساخت و ساز بی‌رویه
کارگاه ساخت و ساز

자주 쓰는 구문

در حال ساخت و ساز

شروع به ساخت و ساز کردن

دست از ساخت و ساز کشیدن

ممنوعیت ساخت و ساز

نظارت بر ساخت و ساز

ساخت و ساز اصولی

سر و صدای ساخت و ساز

بازار ساخت و ساز

وام ساخت و ساز

توقف ساخت و ساز

자주 혼동되는 단어

ساخت و ساز کردن vs ساختن

General 'to build/make' vs. professional 'to do construction'.

ساخت و ساز کردن vs بازسازی کردن

To build new vs. to renovate/repair.

ساخت و ساز کردن vs درست کردن

To fix or make (informal) vs. large-scale construction.

관용어 및 표현

"ساخت و ساز کردن با کسی"

To compromise or get along with someone (Note: This is a rare metaphorical usage, usually 'ساختن' is used alone for this).

혼동하기 쉬운

ساخت و ساز کردن vs

ساخت و ساز کردن vs

ساخت و ساز کردن vs

ساخت و ساز کردن vs

ساخت و ساز کردن vs

문장 패턴

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사용법

Nuance

It emphasizes the process and the collective activity rather than the single act of building.

Formality

It is standard but can lean towards formal/technical in many contexts.

자주 하는 실수
  • Using it for small objects (e.g., making a chair).
  • Omitting the 'o' (ساخت ساز کردن).
  • Adding 'rā' to 'ساخت و ساز' unnecessarily.
  • Confusing it with 'renovation' (بازسازی).
  • Using 'sākhtan o sāz kardan' (adding 'an' to the first part).

팁

Think Big

Always associate this verb with cranes, trucks, and blueprints to remember its scale.

Compound Verb Rule

Only conjugate the 'kardan' part. Never change 'sākht o sāz'.

Tehran Context

In Tehran, this word is often linked to the 'Shahrdari' (Municipality).

The 'O' Link

The 'o' (and) is crucial. Don't drop it or it sounds like two separate words.

Formal Reports

In formal writing, use 'احداث' for infrastructure like dams or roads.

News Keywords

When you hear 'maskan' (housing), listen for 'sākht o sāz' nearby.

Not for Hobbies

Don't use it for knitting, cooking, or small DIY projects.

Interchangeability

You can often replace it with 'ساختن' but you lose the 'industry' nuance.

Complaining

Use it with 'sar o sedā' (noise) to sound like a local complaining about construction.

Visual Cue

Visualize a 'Site' (Sākht) and 'Size' (Sāz) - big sites have big sizes!

암기하기

시각적 연상

Imagine a construction site with a large 'S' shaped crane.

어원

Persian

문화적 맥락

Violations of construction codes (e.g., building extra floors) are common topics in local news.

Rapid construction has changed the skyline of Iranian cities in the last 40 years.

The construction sector is one of the largest employers in Iran.

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

대화 시작하기

"آیا در محله شما ساخت و ساز زیاد است؟"

"به نظر شما ساخت و ساز کردن در کوه‌ها کار درستی است؟"

"هزینه ساخت و ساز کردن در شهر شما چقدر است؟"

"آیا دوست دارید در صنعت ساخت و ساز کار کنید؟"

"چگونه می‌توان جلوی ساخت و ساز غیرقانونی را گرفت؟"

일기 주제

تأثیر ساخت و ساز کردن بر محیط زیست شهر خود را توصیف کنید.

اگر می‌توانستید یک ساختمان بزرگ ساخت و ساز کنید، آن چه بود؟

تجربه خود را از زندگی در نزدیکی یک کارگاه ساخت و ساز بنویسید.

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

خیر، این فعل فقط برای ساختمان‌ها و پروژه‌های بزرگ استفاده می‌شود. برای کیک از 'پختن' یا 'درست کردن' استفاده کنید.

'ساختمان‌سازی' فقط به ساختن خانه‌ها اشاره دارد، اما 'ساخت و ساز' شامل جاده‌ها، پل‌ها و سایر زیرساخت‌ها هم می‌شود.

بله، به خصوص وقتی مردم درباره تغییرات محله یا سر و صدای خیابان صحبت می‌کنند.

با اضافه کردن 'نـ' به فعل 'کردن': 'ساخت و ساز نمی‌کنم'.

بله، 'ساخت و ساز' به تنهایی یک اسم مرکب است و با 'کردن' تبدیل به فعل می‌شود.

'احداث کردن' مترادف رسمی و اداری آن است.

معمولاً خیر. برای تعمیرات از 'تعمیر کردن' یا 'بازسازی کردن' استفاده می‌شود.

بیشتر یک واژه مدرن و مربوط به دوره معاصر است.

معمولاً با 'در' (در زمین، در شهر) استفاده می‌شود.

بله: 'ساخت و ساز انجام شد' یا 'ساخت و ساز شده است'.

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셀프 테스트 180 질문

/ 180 correct

Perfect score!

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