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B1 verb 11분 분량

se démoraliser

예시 se démoraliser 30초 만에
설명 se démoraliser in your Level:
At the A1 level, you are just beginning to learn French. You might not use the full verb 'se démoraliser' yet because pronominal verbs can be tricky. However, it is useful to recognize the word 'moral'. You might learn simple phrases like 'J'ai le moral' (I'm in good spirits) or 'Je n'ai pas le moral' (I'm not in good spirits). Understanding the root word helps you prepare for the more complex verb later. At this stage, focus on the idea that 'moral' refers to how you feel inside—your spirit or your energy. You might see it in very simple sentences about feelings. Just remember: 'le moral' is good, and losing it is what 'se démoraliser' describes. Don't worry about the long spelling; focus on the 'moral' part in the middle. If a teacher says 'Ne vous démoralisez pas', they are simply telling you 'Don't give up' or 'Keep going'. It's a word of encouragement that you'll hear often in the classroom as you tackle difficult new grammar rules.
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At the A2 level, you are starting to use more reflexive verbs like 'se laver' or 'se coucher'. You can now begin to incorporate 'se démoraliser' into your vocabulary for describing emotions. You might use it in simple present tense sentences to talk about why you feel discouraged. For example, 'Je me démoralise quand je ne comprends pas la grammaire.' You are also learning the passé composé, so you might say 'Il s'est démoralisé après le match.' Remember that because it's a reflexive verb, you always use 'être' in the past tense. You should also start to notice the difference between 'être triste' (to be sad) and 'se démoraliser' (to lose spirit). One is a feeling, the other is a loss of motivation. At A2, focus on using the correct reflexive pronouns (me, te, se, nous, vous, se) with the verb. It's a great word to use when talking about your hobbies or your studies, especially when things get a little bit difficult.
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B1 is the level where 'se démoraliser' becomes a key part of your vocabulary. You are now expected to discuss feelings, opinions, and reactions in more detail. You should be able to use this verb in various tenses, including the imparfait ('Il se démoralisait peu à peu') and the future ('Si on perd, l'équipe se démoralisera'). You can also use it with modal verbs: 'Tu ne dois pas te démoraliser.' At this level, you should understand the nuance that 'se démoraliser' is about a loss of internal drive. You can use it to describe your professional life, your personal goals, and your reactions to news. You should also be comfortable with the agreement of the past participle: 'Elle s'est démoralisée' (with an 'e'). This verb is very common in B1 reading and listening materials, especially those dealing with social issues, work-life balance, or sports. It's a 'bridge' word—it moves you from simple descriptions of 'happy' or 'sad' to more sophisticated descriptions of mental states and resilience.
At the B2 level, you should use 'se démoraliser' with precision and ease. You can incorporate it into complex sentences with subjunctions and relative clauses. For example: 'Bien qu'il se soit démoralisé au début, il a fini par réussir.' You should also be able to distinguish it from its synonyms like 'se décourager' or 'se démotiver' based on the context. At B2, you might use it in formal essays or debates to discuss the 'moral' of a population or a workforce. You should also be aware of the noun form 'la démoralisation' and how it is used in sociological or historical contexts (e.g., 'la démoralisation de l'armée'). You can use the verb to describe more abstract concepts, such as a market 'se démoralisant' due to bad economic data. Your usage should reflect an understanding of the word's emotional weight—it's not just a lack of effort, but a genuine hit to one's psychological fortitude. You are now moving beyond just 'using' the word to 'mastering' its placement in high-level discourse.
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At the C1 level, 'se démoraliser' is a tool for nuanced psychological analysis. You might use it in literary analysis or deep discussions about human nature. You can explore the philosophical implications of what it means to lose one's 'moral'. You should be able to use the verb in the passive voice ('être démoralisé par...') or as a gerund ('En se démoralisant, il a perdu toute chance de gagner'). You will encounter this word in high-level journalism (like Le Monde or Le Figaro) and in contemporary French literature. At this stage, you should also be familiar with related idioms and more obscure synonyms like 's'atrophier le moral' or 'sombrer dans le découragement'. You can use 'se démoraliser' to describe subtle shifts in tone in a text or a film. Your ability to use the word in the conditional or subjunctive to express hypothetical states of discouragement should be flawless. You are now treating the word as a versatile instrument for expressing complex human experiences.
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At the C2 level, you have a near-native command of 'se démoraliser'. You can use it in all its forms, including the most complex grammatical structures (like the plus-que-parfait du subjonctif, though rare). You understand the historical and etymological roots of the word and how its meaning has evolved. You can use it to engage in high-level academic or professional discussions about organizational psychology or national identity. You might use it in creative writing to evoke a specific atmosphere of despair or apathy. You are also aware of how the word might be used ironically or with hyperbole in different social circles. At this level, you don't just know what the word means; you know how it 'feels' in different contexts—from the locker room of a football team to the boardroom of a multinational corporation. You can discuss the 'démoralisation' of a culture or a generation with the same ease as describing a personal setback. Your usage is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker.
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예시

se démoraliser 30초 만에

  • A reflexive verb meaning to lose morale or spirit.
  • Used in sports, work, and personal contexts to describe discouragement.
  • Regular -er verb conjugated with 'être' in compound tenses.
  • Essential for expressing deep situational loss of motivation.

The French verb se démoraliser is a pronominal verb that translates to 'to lose spirit,' 'to become discouraged,' or 'to lose heart.' In essence, it describes the internal process where an individual’s psychological resilience or 'moral' (spirit/morale) begins to crumble under the weight of challenges, setbacks, or persistent negativity. Unlike simple sadness, which is an emotion, se démoraliser refers to a shift in one's state of motivation and determination. It is widely used in contexts ranging from sports and academics to professional environments and personal struggles.

Psychological State
This verb captures the exact moment when the 'will to continue' is compromised. It often follows a series of failures where the subject begins to believe that their efforts are futile.

Après avoir échoué à son examen pour la troisième fois, il a commencé à se démoraliser complètement.

The term is composed of the prefix dé- (indicating reversal or removal) and the noun moral (morale/spirit). It is crucial to distinguish le moral (morale/spirit) from la morale (ethics/morality). When you se démoraliser, you are losing your 'moral' (masculine), not your 'morale' (feminine). This distinction is a common point of confusion for English speakers because the English word 'morale' maps to the masculine French noun.

Contextual Usage
In a professional setting, a team might se démoraliser if a major project is cancelled. In sports, a team might se démoraliser after conceding several goals in quick succession.

Culturally, the French use this word to express a deep sense of discouragement that affects productivity and outlook. It is more intense than being 'un peu déçu' (a little disappointed) but less clinical than 'être en dépression' (being depressed). It occupies a middle ground of situational loss of motivation. When someone tells you 'Ne te démoralise pas !', they are offering encouragement, telling you to keep your chin up and not let the circumstances break your spirit.

Il ne faut pas se démoraliser face aux premières difficultés du projet.

Synonymic Nuance
While 'se décourager' is a near-perfect synonym, se démoraliser often implies a more profound impact on one's overall mental state and energy levels, rather than just a lack of courage for a specific task.

L'équipe s'est démoralisée quand le capitaine a été blessé.

In summary, se démoraliser is a versatile and essential B1-level verb for describing the human experience of facing adversity. It allows for nuanced expression of mental fatigue and the loss of internal drive, making it a staple in both casual conversation and formal reporting on group dynamics or personal progress.

Using se démoraliser correctly requires attention to its pronominal nature and its place in the sentence. As a first-group verb (-er), its conjugation is regular, but you must always remember the reflexive pronoun that agrees with the subject. In the passé composé, the auxiliary verb is always être, and the past participle démoralisé must agree in gender and number with the subject, as the reflexive pronoun functions as a direct object here.

Present Tense
Je me démoralise, tu te démoralises, il/elle/on se démoralise, nous nous démoralisons, vous vous démoralisez, ils/elles se démoralisent. Example: 'Je me démoralise quand je vois la pile de travail.'

Ne vous démoralisez pas, nous allons trouver une solution ensemble.

When using it in the negative imperative (giving advice), the pronoun stays before the verb: 'Ne te démoralise pas !'. In the affirmative imperative, the pronoun moves after the verb with a hyphen: 'Démoralise-toi' (though this is rarely used as you wouldn't usually tell someone to get discouraged!). More often, you will see it in the infinitive after another verb like 'pouvoir', 'vouloir', or 'falloir'.

Compound Tenses
In the passé composé: 'Elle s'est démoralisée.' Note the 'e' at the end for the feminine subject. 'Ils se sont démoralisés.' Note the 's' for the plural subject.

The verb is often followed by prepositions like devant (in front of/faced with), à cause de (because of), or par (by). For example, 'Il se démoralise devant l'ampleur de la tâche' (He is losing heart faced with the scale of the task). It can also be used absolutely, without an object or prepositional phrase, to describe a general state: 'Il a tendance à se démoraliser facilement.'

Si les résultats ne s'améliorent pas, les investisseurs risquent de se démoraliser.

Subjunctive Mood
Used after expressions of fear or necessity: 'J'ai peur qu'il ne se démoralise.' (I am afraid he might lose heart).

In summary, mastering se démoraliser involves understanding its reflexive mechanics and its ability to take various prepositional complements to specify the source of the discouragement. It is a powerful verb for adding emotional depth to your descriptions of struggles and reactions to failure.

You will encounter se démoraliser in various domains of French life. One of the most common places is in the world of sports. Sports commentators frequently use it to describe a team that has lost its fighting spirit after a series of mistakes or a heavy scoreline. For example, 'Les joueurs ne doivent pas se démoraliser malgré ce premier but encaissé' (The players must not lose heart despite this first goal conceded).

Workplace and Corporate Culture
In professional contexts, managers might discuss the 'moral des troupes' (troop morale). If employees are overworked or feel undervalued, they might se démoraliser, leading to lower productivity and higher turnover.

Le personnel commence à se démoraliser face aux coupes budgétaires répétées.

In education, teachers use this word when talking to students who are struggling with difficult subjects like mathematics or philosophy. A teacher might say, 'C'est un sujet difficile, mais ne vous démoralisez pas, vous allez finir par comprendre.' It is a word of empathy and warning against giving up too soon.

News and Media
Journalists often use this verb when reporting on social or economic crises. They might describe a population that is se démoralisant due to rising inflation or political instability.

In literature and cinema, se démoraliser is used to depict the internal arc of a character facing a 'dark night of the soul.' It provides a more precise description of their mental state than simply saying they are 'triste' (sad) or 'malheureux' (unhappy). It suggests a loss of the internal engine that drives action.

Dans le film, le protagoniste se démoralise après avoir tout perdu, mais finit par retrouver l'espoir.

Daily Conversations
Friends use it to support each other. If a friend is looking for a job and hasn't had luck, you might say: 'Il ne faut pas que tu te démoralises, le bon poste finira par arriver.'

Overall, se démoraliser is a word that bridges the gap between everyday feelings and more formal psychological or organizational analysis. It is a key term for understanding how French speakers discuss motivation and resilience.

One of the most frequent errors made by English speakers when using se démoraliser is forgetting that it is a pronominal verb. In English, you 'lose heart' or 'become demoralized' without a reflexive pronoun. In French, you must include me, te, se, nous, vous, se. Saying 'Je démoralise' is grammatically possible but changes the meaning to 'I am demoralizing (someone else),' which is rarely what the speaker intends.

Confusing 'Le Moral' and 'La Morale'
As mentioned before, 'le moral' is spirit/morale, while 'la morale' is ethics. Learners often mistakenly think se démoraliser means losing one's ethical compass. It does not; it specifically refers to the masculine 'le moral'.

Incorrect: Il a perdu sa morale. Correct: Il a perdu le moral ou il s'est démoralisé.

Another common mistake is with the agreement of the past participle in compound tenses. Since se is the direct object (you are demoralizing yourself), the participle démoralisé must agree with the subject. Feminine subjects need an extra 'e', and plural subjects need an 's'. Failing to add these in writing is a common B1-level error.

Overusing it for minor setbacks
While versatile, se démoraliser is a somewhat strong word. Using it because you ran out of milk might sound overdramatic. For minor inconveniences, 'être un peu déçu' or 'être agacé' is more appropriate.

Learners also sometimes confuse se démoraliser with se démotiver. While very similar, se démotiver specifically refers to the loss of a reason to act (motive), whereas se démoraliser refers to the loss of the emotional strength or spirit (morale) needed to act. They are often used interchangeably, but démoraliser has a heavier emotional weight.

Attention à ne pas confondre : 'Je me démoralise' (I'm losing hope) vs 'Je me dévalorise' (I'm putting myself down).

Pronunciation Pitfall
Ensure the 's' in 'se' is soft /s/ and the 's' in 'démoraliser' is a /z/ sound because it is between two vowels (i and e). Pronouncing it as a hard /s/ is a common phonetic mistake.

Finally, remember that the verb is not used for physical objects. You cannot 'démoraliser' a car or a building. It only applies to sentient beings or groups of people (like a nation or a team) that possess 'morale'.

To enrich your French vocabulary, it is helpful to know the synonyms and alternatives to se démoraliser, as each carries a slightly different nuance or register. The most direct synonym is se décourager. While almost identical, se décourager focuses on the loss of courage (cœur), while se démoraliser focuses on the loss of morale (moral).

Se décourager
The most common alternative. Use it when someone wants to give up on a specific task. 'Ne te décourage pas, tu vas y arriver !'

Il est facile de se décourager quand on apprend une langue étrangère.

Another common alternative is perdre espoir (to lose hope). This is slightly more dramatic and final than se démoraliser. If you lose hope, you believe there is no longer any possibility of success. Se démoraliser is more about the state of your spirit in the moment.

Baisser les bras
An idiomatic expression meaning 'to give up' or 'to throw in the towel.' It describes the physical action of stopping effort. 'Il ne faut jamais baisser les bras.'

In a more formal or literary context, you might see s'abattre or se laisser abattre. This literally means 'to let oneself be struck down' or 'to be dejected.' It conveys a sense of being crushed by circumstances. 'Il ne se laisse pas abattre par l'adversité' (He doesn't let himself be discouraged by adversity).

Malgré ses échecs, elle refuse de se laisser abattre.

S'effondrer
Literally 'to collapse.' This is much stronger than se démoraliser and implies a total mental or emotional breakdown.

For a more professional tone, se démotiver is often used when discussing employees or students. It focuses specifically on the loss of motivation to perform a task. By knowing these alternatives, you can choose the word that best fits the intensity and context of the situation you are describing.

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수준별 예문

1

Je ne veux pas me démoraliser.

I don't want to lose heart.

Simple negation with a pronominal verb.

2

Il ne faut pas se démoraliser.

One must not lose spirit.

Use of 'il faut' with an infinitive.

3

Elle se démoralise un peu.

She is losing heart a little bit.

Present tense of a pronominal verb.

4

Nous ne nous démoralisons pas.

We are not losing spirit.

Double 'nous' in pronominal conjugation.

5

Tu te démoralises trop vite.

You lose heart too quickly.

Adverb 'trop vite' modifying the verb.

6

Pourquoi se démoraliser maintenant ?

Why lose heart now?

Interrogative sentence with infinitive.

7

Le moral est bas, mais ne te démoralise pas.

Morale is low, but don't lose heart.

Contrast between 'le moral' and 'se démoraliser'.

8

Ils se démoralisent à cause du froid.

They are losing spirit because of the cold.

Prepositional phrase 'à cause de'.

1

Hier, il s'est démoralisé après son erreur.

Yesterday, he lost heart after his mistake.

Passé composé with 'être'.

2

Si tu perds, ne te démoralise pas.

If you lose, don't lose heart.

Conditional 'si' clause and imperative.

3

Nous nous sommes démoralisés devant la pluie.

We lost heart faced with the rain.

Passé composé plural agreement.

4

Vous vous démoralisez pour rien.

You are losing heart for nothing.

Reflexive pronoun 'vous'.

5

Ma sœur s'est démoralisée à l'école.

My sister lost heart at school.

Feminine agreement 'démoralisée'.

6

On ne doit pas se démoraliser si facilement.

One must not lose heart so easily.

Modal verb 'doit' + infinitive.

7

Est-ce que tu te démoralises souvent ?

Do you lose heart often?

Question with 'est-ce que'.

8

Elle ne s'est pas démoralisée malgré l'échec.

She didn't lose heart despite the failure.

Negative passé composé.

1

Il est important de ne pas se démoraliser face aux obstacles.

It is important not to lose heart in the face of obstacles.

Infinitive construction after 'important de'.

2

L'équipe s'est démoralisée quand elle a vu le score.

The team lost heart when they saw the score.

Agreement with a collective noun acting as subject.

3

Je me démoralisais souvent avant de trouver ce travail.

I used to lose heart often before finding this job.

Imparfait for habitual action.

4

Si les prix augmentent, les clients vont se démoraliser.

If prices go up, customers will lose heart.

Futur proche with a pronominal verb.

5

Elle craint que son fils ne se démoralise à l'université.

She fears that her son might lose heart at university.

Subjunctive after a verb of fear + 'ne' explétif.

6

Sans soutien, il est facile de se démoraliser complètement.

Without support, it's easy to lose heart completely.

Adverb 'complètement' after the verb.

7

Ils se sont démoralisés à force d'attendre une réponse.

They lost heart by dint of waiting for an answer.

Expression 'à force de' + infinitive.

8

Ne te laisse pas démoraliser par ses critiques négatives.

Don't let yourself be demoralized by his negative criticism.

Causative construction 'se laisser' + infinitive.

1

La population commence à se démoraliser face à l'instabilité politique.

The population is starting to lose heart faced with political instability.

Abstract subject 'la population'.

2

Bien qu'ils se soient démoralisés, ils ont continué à chercher.

Although they lost heart, they continued to search.

Subjunctive past after 'bien que'.

3

Le risque est que les investisseurs se démoralisent et retirent leurs fonds.

The risk is that investors lose heart and withdraw their funds.

Subjunctive after 'le risque est que'.

4

On sentait que l'équipage se démoralisait au fil des jours en mer.

One could feel the crew losing heart as the days at sea went by.

Imparfait for progressive state.

5

Elle a refusé de se démoraliser, même quand tout semblait perdu.

She refused to lose heart, even when everything seemed lost.

Infinitive after 'refuser de'.

6

Il ne faut pas que vous vous démoralisiez pour si peu.

You must not lose heart over so little.

Subjunctive present with 'vous'.

7

L'absence de résultats tangibles a fini par les démoraliser.

The lack of tangible results ended up demoralizing them.

Non-pronominal use (transitive).

8

S'ils s'étaient démoralisés plus tôt, ils n'auraient jamais fini.

If they had lost heart earlier, they would never have finished.

Si-clause with plus-que-parfait and conditionnel passé.

1

L'érosion constante des droits sociaux pousse les citoyens à se démoraliser.

The constant erosion of social rights is pushing citizens to lose heart.

Complex subject with 'pousser à'.

2

Il est rare de voir un tel stoïcisme sans jamais se démoraliser.

It is rare to see such stoicism without ever losing heart.

Use of 'sans' + infinitive.

3

La pièce dépeint un homme se démoralisant sous le poids de la culpabilité.

The play depicts a man losing heart under the weight of guilt.

Present participle as an adjective/clause.

4

Quoi qu'il arrive, tâchez de ne pas vous démoraliser.

Whatever happens, try not to lose heart.

Subjunctive 'quoi qu'il arrive' + imperative 'tâchez'.

5

Cette tendance à se démoraliser est symptomatique d'un mal-être plus profond.

This tendency to lose heart is symptomatic of a deeper malaise.

Substantive use of the infinitive.

6

Nul ne saurait se démoraliser face à une telle beauté.

No one could lose heart in the face of such beauty.

Formal 'nul ne saurait' + infinitive.

7

S'étant démoralisés, ils abandonnèrent la partie avant la fin.

Having lost heart, they gave up the game before the end.

Participle passé composé clause.

8

Il convient de ne pas se démoraliser par les aléas de la fortune.

It is appropriate not to lose heart over the vagaries of fortune.

Formal 'il convient de'.

1

Le texte explore l'ontologie de l'être qui refuse de se démoraliser face au néant.

The text explores the ontology of the being who refuses to lose heart in the face of nothingness.

Academic philosophical vocabulary.

2

Puissions-nous ne jamais nous démoraliser, quelles que soient les épreuves.

May we never lose heart, whatever the trials may be.

Subjunctive of desire (optative) with inversion.

3

La démoralisation rampante au sein de l'intelligentsia inquiète les observateurs.

The creeping demoralization within the intelligentsia worries observers.

Noun form 'démoralisation' used in high-level discourse.

4

C'est dans l'adversité la plus absolue qu'il s'est interdit de se démoraliser.

It was in the most absolute adversity that he forbade himself from losing heart.

Cleft sentence 'c'est... que' with a reflexive verb.

5

L'œuvre souligne la facilité avec laquelle une âme peut se démoraliser.

The work highlights the ease with which a soul can lose heart.

Relative clause 'avec laquelle'.

6

Il ne s'agirait pas de se démoraliser au moment où le succès est à portée de main.

It wouldn't do to lose heart just when success is within reach.

Conditional 'il ne s'agirait pas de' for subtle advice.

7

Que l'on se démoralise ou non, le temps continue sa course inexorable.

Whether one loses heart or not, time continues its inexorable course.

Subjunctive 'que l'on...' for alternative conditions.

8

L'histoire retiendra qu'ils ne se sont jamais démoralisés, envers et contre tout.

History will remember that they never lost heart, against all odds.

Future tense and idiomatic expression 'envers et contre tout'.

동의어

se décourager perdre espoir baisser les bras se laisser abattre se démotiver s'effondrer perdre le moral être dépité

반의어

s'enthousiasmer se motiver reprendre courage persévérer

자주 쓰는 조합

se démoraliser rapidement
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