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B1 noun 9분 분량

stupefaction

예시 노트와 팁 stupefaction 30초 만에
설명 stupefaction in your Level:
At the A1 level, 'stupéfaction' is a very difficult word that you probably won't use. You will mostly use the word 'surprise'. For example, you might say 'Je suis surpris' (I am surprised). Stupéfaction is like a 'super surprise'. Imagine you see a dog driving a car—that is stupéfaction! It is a big, long word for a big, big surprise. You don't need to speak it yet, but if you see it in a book, just remember it means someone is very, very shocked and cannot speak. It is a feminine word, so we say 'la stupéfaction'. Think of it as the feeling you have when you see something impossible happen. It is much stronger than just 'oh!'. It is more like '...WOW...'.
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At the A2 level, you are starting to learn more emotions. 'Stupéfaction' is a noun that describes a very strong shock. You might see it in simple stories. A good way to remember it is that it looks like 'stupefied' in English. When you are so surprised that you can't move or think, that is stupéfaction. You can use the phrase 'avec stupéfaction' (with stupefaction) to describe how someone looks at something. For example: 'Il regarde le cadeau avec stupéfaction.' (He looks at the gift with stupefaction). It's a formal word, so you might hear it on the news or read it in a newspaper. It is always feminine: 'une grande stupéfaction'.
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At the B1 level, you should begin to use 'stupéfaction' to add variety to your vocabulary. Instead of always saying 'très surpris', you can use this noun to show a higher level of French. It describes a state of being stunned or bewildered. It's often used in the phrase 'À ma stupéfaction' (To my amazement). This is a great way to start a sentence when telling a story about something unexpected. You should also know the related adjective 'stupéfait' (stunned). For example: 'Je suis resté stupéfait devant cette annonce.' (I remained stunned in front of this announcement). This word is perfect for describing reactions to major news, unexpected results, or incredible events. It shows you understand the nuance between a simple surprise and a deep, paralyzing shock.
At the B2 level, you should be comfortable using 'stupéfaction' in both written and oral contexts. You understand that it carries a certain weight and formality. You can use it to describe collective reactions, such as 'La stupéfaction générale' (General amazement). You should also be able to distinguish it from similar words like 'étonnement' (milder) or 'sidération' (stronger/medical). In your writing, use 'stupéfaction' to create a dramatic effect. For instance, 'Son visage reflétait une stupéfaction profonde' (His face reflected a deep stupefaction). You are also aware of the etymological link to 'stupéfier' (to stun) and can use these words to vary your expression. You know that it's a key term in media and literary registers to describe moments of crisis or total disbelief.
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At the C1 level, you use 'stupéfaction' with precision, recognizing its specific 'paralyzing' quality. You can integrate it into complex sentence structures, such as 'C'est avec une stupéfaction mâtinée d'effroi que les témoins ont décrit la scène' (It was with a stupefaction tinged with dread that the witnesses described the scene). You understand the subtle differences in register between 'stupéfaction', 'ahurissement', and 'ébahissement'. You use 'stupéfaction' when the shock is intellectual or profound, often in formal or academic writing. You are also capable of using the word in metaphorical senses, such as the 'stupéfaction' of a system or a market when faced with an unprecedented event. Your pronunciation is perfect, including the nasal vowel and the sharp 'u'.
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At the C2 level, 'stupéfaction' is a tool for stylistic nuance. You use it to evoke the specific 'stupor' that the Latin root suggests—a suspension of the faculties. You can analyze its use in classical French literature, where it often denotes a moment of sublime or tragic revelation. You might use it in a philosophical or psychological essay to describe the breakdown of cognitive expectations. You are familiar with rare collocations like 'frapper de stupéfaction' (to strike with stupefaction) and can use the word to manipulate the tone of a text, moving from clinical observation to dramatic narration. You understand how the word functions within the broader field of 'l'imprévisible' and 'l'inouï', and you can explain its nuances to others with ease.
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예시 노트와 팁

stupefaction 30초 만에

  • A feminine noun meaning intense shock or amazement.
  • Stronger than 'surprise', often implying mental paralysis.
  • Commonly used in phrases like 'avec stupéfaction' or 'à la stupéfaction de'.
  • Formal register, frequently found in media and literature.

The French word stupéfaction is a powerful feminine noun that transcends simple surprise. It represents a state of profound astonishment, often accompanied by a temporary paralysis of thought or action. When a French speaker uses this word, they are describing a moment where the brain essentially 'freezes' because what has been witnessed or heard is so outside the realm of expectation. It is derived from the Latin 'stupefactio', which literally means the act of making someone 'stupid' or 'senseless' with shock. In modern usage, it is a sophisticated term found frequently in literature, journalism, and high-level conversation to denote a shock that is both deep and immobilizing.

Emotional Intensity
Unlike 'surprise', which can be positive or negative, stupéfaction usually implies a degree of bewilderment that leaves the person speechless.

You will encounter this word in contexts where a sudden revelation occurs. For example, if a political scandal breaks or a scientific discovery defies the laws of physics, the public reaction is described as stupéfaction. It is not something one feels for a birthday party; it is something one feels when the impossible happens. The physical aspect is important: the eyes widen, the mouth might hang open, and for a few seconds, the person is unable to process the reality before them.

Le public a regardé l'écran avec une totale stupéfaction quand le magicien a disparu.

Grammatical Usage
It is almost always preceded by an article like 'la' or 'une', or used in prepositional phrases like 'avec stupéfaction' or 'à la stupéfaction de'.

In everyday life, while 'surprise' is the go-to word, using 'stupéfaction' adds a layer of drama and precision. It suggests that the event was so massive that it 'stupefied' the observer. It is also common in judicial reporting—'La stupéfaction des jurés'—to describe the reaction to a shocking piece of evidence. This word is a key tool for B1 learners to move away from basic vocabulary and start expressing complex emotional states.

À ma grande stupéfaction, il a démissionné sans donner de raison.

Register
This word is considered neutral to formal. It is rarely used in very casual slang, where words like 'choc' or 'hallucination' might be preferred.

Finally, understand that stupéfaction is a passive state. It is something that happens to you. You are struck by it. It is the result of an external stimulus that is too large for your current mental framework to handle. Mastery of this word allows you to describe the 'jaw-dropping' moments of life with the elegance that the French language is known for.

Using stupéfaction correctly requires understanding its common syntactic anchors. The most frequent way to introduce it is through the prepositional phrase 'avec stupéfaction', which acts as an adverbial modifier to a verb of perception or action. For instance, 'Il a appris la nouvelle avec stupéfaction' (He learned the news with stupefaction). This tells the listener not just what happened, but the intense emotional state of the subject during the event.

Common Structure 1
[Sujet] + [Verbe] + avec stupéfaction. (Example: Elle regardait la scène avec stupéfaction.)

Another essential structure is 'À la stupéfaction de [quelqu'un]'. This translates to 'To the amazement/stupefaction of [someone]'. It is used to describe the collective or individual reaction to an event. 'À la stupéfaction générale, le favori a perdu la course' (To everyone's amazement, the favorite lost the race). This structure is particularly useful in storytelling or reporting to set the scene of a surprising outcome.

Sa stupéfaction était telle qu'elle ne pouvait plus bouger.

You can also use the noun as the subject of a sentence to emphasize the emotion itself. 'La stupéfaction se lisait sur son visage' (Stupefaction could be read on his face). This personifies the emotion, suggesting that it is visible and undeniable. Adjectives often paired with it include 'totale', 'grande', 'profonde', and 'muette' (silent). 'Une stupéfaction muette' is a common literary trope describing a shock so great that no sound can be made.

Common Structure 2
Être plongé dans la stupéfaction (To be plunged into stupefaction).

When writing, remember that it is a feminine noun. Therefore, any adjectives modifying it must be feminine: 'une stupéfaction absolue'. In more advanced usage, you might see it used with the verb 'provoquer' or 'causer': 'L'annonce a provoqué la stupéfaction de toute la ville'. This highlights the cause-and-effect relationship between an event and the resulting shock. By varying these structures, you can express surprise with different degrees of intensity and formality.

Il y avait un mélange de colère et de stupéfaction dans son regard.

While you might not hear 'stupéfaction' every five minutes in a casual café conversation, it is a staple of French media and intellectual discourse. In television news broadcasts, journalists frequently use it to describe public reaction to unexpected events. For instance, after a major election upset, a reporter might say, 'C'est la stupéfaction dans le camp des perdants' (There is stupefaction in the losers' camp). It provides a more weighty, serious tone than 'surprise'.

News Media
Frequently used in headlines to describe international incidents or shocking social changes.

In literature, from classic novels by Hugo or Balzac to contemporary thrillers, 'stupéfaction' is used to describe the internal state of a protagonist facing a plot twist. It is a word that conveys the 'inner silence' of a character. If you listen to French podcasts about history or science, you will hear it when experts discuss discoveries that overturned centuries of thought. It marks the boundary between what was known and the 'unthinkable' new reality.

Le présentateur a annoncé les résultats avec une stupéfaction non dissimulée.

In the professional world, particularly in law or high-level administration, 'stupéfaction' is used in formal letters or reports to express that a certain action was highly irregular or unexpected. Phrases like 'Nous avons appris avec stupéfaction que...' (We learned with stupefaction that...) are used to signal that a boundary has been crossed or a rule has been broken in a way that is hard to believe. It is a polite but firm way to indicate that something is unacceptable because it is so shocking.

You will also find it in movie reviews or theater critiques. If a film has a completely unexpected ending, the critic might write about the 'stupéfaction' of the audience. It captures that collective 'gasp' in a dark theater. In summary, 'stupéfaction' is the word for those moments when life interrupts our expectations so violently that we are left momentarily speechless and still.

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make with stupéfaction is confusing it with the English word 'stupidity'. While they share a Latin root, in French, 'stupéfaction' has nothing to do with being unintelligent. If you say someone is in a state of 'stupéfaction', you are not insulting their IQ; you are describing their shock. To describe stupidity in French, you would use words like 'stupidité' or 'bêtise'.

False Friend Alert
Do not use 'stupéfaction' to mean 'stupidity'. It strictly means 'stunned surprise'.

Another common error is using the wrong gender. 'Stupéfaction' is a feminine noun (ending in -ion, which is a common indicator of feminine nouns in French). Learners often mistakenly use 'le stupéfaction' or masculine adjectives. Correct: 'Une grande stupéfaction'. Incorrect: 'Un grand stupéfaction'. This is a small detail that immediately signals a learner's level to a native speaker.

C'est la stupéfaction qui l'a emporté sur la colère.

Overusing the word is also a trap. Because it is a high-intensity word, using it for minor surprises (like finding a five-euro bill in your pocket) can sound hyperbolic or even sarcastic. For everyday surprises, stick to 'surprise' or 'étonnement'. Save 'stupéfaction' for the truly earth-shattering moments. Additionally, be careful with the verb form 'stupéfier'. While 'je suis stupéfait' is common, using the noun 'stupéfaction' in a sentence where an adjective is needed is a common syntax error.

Finally, learners sometimes struggle with the pronunciation of the 'u' sound /y/ and the nasal 'on' /ɔ̃/ at the end. If the 'u' sounds too much like 'oo' (as in 'stoop'), it can be hard for French speakers to understand. Practice the tight, rounded lips for the French 'u' to ensure your delivery of this sophisticated word matches its meaning.

To truly master the concept of shock in French, it is helpful to compare stupéfaction with its synonyms. Each word carries a slightly different 'flavor' of surprise. Understanding these nuances will make your French sound much more natural and precise.

Étonnement
This is the most common word for 'astonishment'. it is milder than stupéfaction and can be used for everyday occurrences. It is the 'default' surprise.
Sidération
This is even stronger than stupéfaction. It implies a complete 'petrification' or 'freezing' of the mind, often used in medical or psychological contexts for severe trauma or absolute shock.
Ébahissement
This word suggests a 'gaping' wonder. It is often more positive or whimsical than stupéfaction. Think of a child seeing a giant Christmas tree for the first time.

When choosing between these, consider the physical reaction you are trying to describe. If the person is just 'surprised', use surprise. If they are 'taken aback', use saisissement. If they are 'stunned' into silence, stupéfaction is your best choice. In a formal report, stupéfaction is preferred over ahurissement, which sounds a bit more colloquial and suggests a sense of 'bewilderment' or 'dazed' confusion.

Il y a une nuance entre la simple surprise et la stupéfaction totale.

Another interesting alternative is consternation. While stupéfaction is about the shock itself, consternation implies a shock mixed with distress or dismay. If you see a beautiful building has been demolished, you feel consternation. If you see a building has suddenly turned into gold, you feel stupéfaction. Understanding these emotional 'ingredients' will help you choose the right word for every situation.

How Formal Is It?

재미있는 사실

The root 'stup-' also gives us 'stupid', but in French, 'stupéfaction' kept the meaning of 'physical shock' rather than 'mental lack'.

발음 가이드

UK /sty.pe.fak.sjɔ̃/
US /sty.pe.fæk.sjɔn/
Final syllable (sjɔ̃)
라임이 맞는 단어
passion action réaction nation attention fixation création émotion
자주 하는 실수
  • Pronouncing the final 'n' fully instead of making it nasal.
  • Using the English 'u' sound (as in 'stupid') instead of the French 'u'.
  • Pronouncing the 't' at the end of syllables too softly.
  • Confusing the 'é' sound with 'e'.
  • Stressing the first syllable.

난이도

독해 3/5

Common in books and newspapers, easy to recognize.

쓰기 4/5

Requires correct gender and prepositional usage.

말하기 4/5

Pronunciation of nasal and 'u' can be tricky.

듣기 3/5

Distinct sound, but can be confused with 'stupéfiant'.

다음에 무엇을 배울까

선수 학습

surprise étonné regarder nouvelle visage

다음에 배울 것

sidération ébahissement stupéfait incrédulité bouleversement

고급

médusé abasourdi interloqué décontenancé pétrifié

알아야 할 문법

Feminine nouns in -ion

La stupéfaction, la nation, la réaction.

Prepositional phrases as adverbs

Avec stupéfaction = stupéfaitement (though the latter is rare).

Adjective agreement

Une stupéfaction totale (feminine agreement).

Passive voice with emotions

Être frappé de stupéfaction.

Possessive adjectives with feminine nouns

Ma stupéfaction, sa stupéfaction.

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수준별 예문

1

Sa stupéfaction est grande.

His amazement is great.

Feminine noun with feminine adjective 'grande'.

2

Elle regarde avec stupéfaction.

She looks with amazement.

Prepositional phrase 'avec stupéfaction'.

3

C'est une stupéfaction pour moi.

It is a surprise for me.

Use of 'une' for feminine noun.

4

Le chat regarde avec stupéfaction.

The cat looks with amazement.

Subject-verb-adverbial structure.

5

Quelle stupéfaction !

What a surprise!

Exclamative 'Quelle' matching feminine noun.

6

Il y a de la stupéfaction.

There is amazement.

Partitive article 'de la'.

7

Ma stupéfaction est totale.

My amazement is total.

Possessive 'Ma' and adjective 'totale'.

8

Je vois sa stupéfaction.

I see his amazement.

Direct object of the verb 'voir'.

1

Il a appris la nouvelle avec stupéfaction.

He learned the news with amazement.

Past tense 'a appris' with 'avec stupéfaction'.

2

À ma stupéfaction, il est venu.

To my amazement, he came.

Introductory phrase 'À ma stupéfaction'.

3

La stupéfaction se lit sur son visage.

Amazement can be read on his face.

Pronominal verb 'se lire'.

4

C'est une stupéfaction générale dans la salle.

It is a general amazement in the room.

Adjective 'générale' modifying 'stupéfaction'.

5

Elle ne cache pas sa stupéfaction.

She does not hide her amazement.

Negation 'ne... pas'.

6

Le magicien a provoqué la stupéfaction.

The magician caused amazement.

Verb 'provoquer' + noun.

7

Nous avons ressenti une vive stupéfaction.

We felt a sharp amazement.

Adjective 'vive' (sharp/intense).

8

Sa stupéfaction l'empêche de parler.

His amazement prevents him from speaking.

Subject 'stupéfaction' with object pronoun 'l''.

1

Le silence de la foule marquait sa stupéfaction.

The crowd's silence marked its amazement.

Imperfect tense 'marquait'.

2

Il resta muet de stupéfaction pendant une minute.

He remained speechless with amazement for a minute.

Phrase 'muet de stupéfaction'.

3

L'annonce du départ a créé une vague de stupéfaction.

The departure announcement created a wave of amazement.

Metaphor 'vague de stupéfaction'.

4

À la stupéfaction de tous, elle a gagné le prix.

To everyone's amazement, she won the prize.

Structure 'À la stupéfaction de [groupe]'.

5

Sa stupéfaction s'est transformée en colère.

His amazement turned into anger.

Reflexive verb 's'est transformée'.

6

On pouvait voir de la stupéfaction dans ses yeux.

One could see amazement in her eyes.

Modal 'pouvait' + infinitive.

7

La stupéfaction était le sentiment dominant ce soir-là.

Amazement was the dominant feeling that night.

Noun as the subject with 'était'.

8

Il a exprimé sa stupéfaction devant les journalistes.

He expressed his amazement to the journalists.

Verb 'exprimer' + possessive + noun.

1

Une telle stupéfaction ne s'explique pas facilement.

Such amazement is not easily explained.

Structure 'Une telle' + noun.

2

Le dénouement du film a plongé le public dans la stupéfaction.

The film's ending plunged the audience into amazement.

Verb 'plonger dans'.

3

Elle a accueilli la nouvelle avec une stupéfaction mêlée d'incrédulité.

She received the news with an amazement mixed with disbelief.

Past participle 'mêlée' agreeing with feminine noun.

4

La stupéfaction l'a saisi au moment où il a ouvert la porte.

Amazement seized him the moment he opened the door.

Verb 'saisir' used for an emotion.

5

Il y avait un vent de stupéfaction dans les couloirs du palais.

There was a wind of amazement in the palace corridors.

Idiomatic 'vent de stupéfaction'.

6

L'ampleur du désastre a provoqué la stupéfaction internationale.

The scale of the disaster caused international amazement.

Adjective 'internationale' following the noun.

7

Leur stupéfaction était presque palpable.

Their amazement was almost palpable.

Adjective 'palpable' describing the noun.

8

Malgré sa stupéfaction, il a su garder son calme.

Despite his amazement, he managed to stay calm.

Preposition 'Malgré' + noun.

1

La stupéfaction fit place à une réflexion plus profonde.

Amazement gave way to deeper reflection.

Passé simple 'fit place'.

2

Il demeure dans un état de stupéfaction quasi léthargique.

He remains in a state of almost lethargic amazement.

Adjective 'quasi léthargique'.

3

L'annonce fut accueillie par une stupéfaction muette et glaciale.

The announcement was met with a silent and icy amazement.

Passive voice 'fut accueillie'.

4

Sa stupéfaction n'avait d'égale que sa déception.

His amazement was equaled only by his disappointment.

Literary structure 'n'avoir d'égale que'.

5

Le récit de ses aventures suscita la stupéfaction de l'auditoire.

The story of his adventures aroused the amazement of the audience.

Formal verb 'susciter'.

6

Elle a observé la scène, pétrifiée de stupéfaction.

She watched the scene, petrified with amazement.

Adjective 'pétrifiée' modifying the subject.

7

Cette découverte a jeté la stupéfaction dans le monde scientifique.

This discovery threw amazement into the scientific world.

Verb 'jeter' + noun + 'dans'.

8

Rien ne pouvait dissimuler la stupéfaction qui l'habitait.

Nothing could hide the amazement that inhabited him.

Relative clause 'qui l'habitait'.

1

Une stupéfaction indicible s'empara de l'assemblée.

An unspeakable amazement took hold of the assembly.

Literary adjective 'indicible'.

2

Il y a dans cette œuvre une volonté de provoquer la stupéfaction.

There is in this work a desire to provoke amazement.

Abstract noun usage.

3

La stupéfaction, loin d'être passagère, s'installa durablement.

The amazement, far from being fleeting, settled in for the long term.

Apposition with 'loin d'être'.

4

L'événement fut d'une telle soudaineté que la stupéfaction fut totale.

The event was of such suddenness that the amazement was total.

Structure 'd'une telle... que'.

5

Il analysa sa propre stupéfaction avec un détachement clinique.

He analyzed his own amazement with clinical detachment.

Reflexive/Possessive usage.

6

La stupéfaction est ici le prélude à une prise de conscience.

Amazement is here the prelude to an awakening of consciousness.

Metaphorical 'prélude'.

7

L'effroi se mêlait à la stupéfaction dans une danse macabre.

Dread mixed with amazement in a macabre dance.

Personification/Metaphor.

8

Elle fut frappée de stupéfaction par la hardiesse de ses propos.

She was struck with amazement by the boldness of his remarks.

Passive 'frappée de'.

자주 쓰는 조합

grande stupéfaction
muet de stupéfaction
totale stupéfaction
provoquer la stupéfaction
apprendre avec stupéfaction
stupéfaction générale
mélange de stupéfaction
plongé dans la stupéfaction
lire la stupéfaction
frapper de stupéfaction

자주 쓰는 구문

À ma stupéfaction

— To my amazement. Used to introduce a surprising fact.

À ma stupéfaction, la porte était ouverte.

Avec stupéfaction

— With amazement. Describes the manner of an action.

Elle écoutait avec stupéfaction.

Quelle stupéfaction !

— What a surprise! An exclamation of shock.

Quelle stupéfaction de vous voir ici !

Un air de stupéfaction

— A look of amazement on someone's face.

Il affichait un air de stupéfaction.

Dans la stupéfaction

— In a state of amazement.

Ils sont restés dans la stupéfaction.

Sous le coup de la stupéfaction

— Under the impact of shock.

Il ne pouvait pas parler, sous le coup de la stupéfaction.

Une pointe de stupéfaction

— A hint of amazement.

Il y avait une pointe de stupéfaction dans sa voix.

À la stupéfaction de tous

— To everyone's amazement.

À la stupéfaction de tous, il a réussi.

Une muette stupéfaction

— A silent amazement.

Ils se regardèrent dans une muette stupéfaction.

Susciter la stupéfaction

— To arouse or cause amazement.

Son comportement suscite la stupéfaction.

관용어 및 표현

"Rester comme deux ronds de flan"

— To be completely stunned or 'stupefied'.

Quand il a vu le prix, il est resté comme deux ronds de flan.

informal
"Tomber des nues"

— To be extremely surprised (as if falling from the clouds).

Elle est tombée des nues en apprenant la vérité.

neutral
"En rester baba"

— To be left speechless with amazement.

Je suis resté baba devant sa performance.

informal
"Les bras m'en tombent"

— I'm so surprised my arms are falling off (figuratively).

Quand j'ai vu le désordre, les bras m'en sont tombés.

neutral
"Être cloué sur place"

— To be nailed to the spot with shock.

Il a été cloué sur place par la nouvelle.

neutral
"Avoir le souffle coupé"

— To have one's breath taken away by shock.

Sa beauté me coupe le souffle.

neutral
"En perdre son latin"

— To be so confused/surprised you lose your 'Latin' (knowledge).

Devant ce problème, j'en perds mon latin.

neutral
"Être médusé"

— To be petrified with amazement (like looking at Medusa).

Le public était médusé.

formal
"Rester de marbre"

— To show no stupéfaction (antonym idiom).

Malgré le choc, il est resté de marbre.

neutral
"C'est le monde à l'envers"

— It's the world upside down (used for shocking situations).

Si lui gagne, c'est le monde à l'envers !

neutral

어휘 가족

명사

stupeur
stupéfiant

동사

stupéfier

형용사

stupéfait
stupéfiant

관련

surprise
étonnement
sidération
ahurissement
ébahissement
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암기하기

기억법

Think of a 'STUPEfied' person who has been 'FACTually' shocked. Stupe-fact-ion.

시각적 연상

Imagine a person standing in front of a giant purple elephant in a city. Their jaw is dropped—that is stupéfaction.

Word Web

Shock Stunned Amazement Bewilderment Paralysis Silence Wide eyes Disbelief

챌린지

Try to use 'stupéfaction' in a sentence today instead of 'très surpris' when talking about something incredible.

어원

From the Latin 'stupefactio', which is the noun of action from 'stupefacere'.

원래 의미: To strike senseless, to stun, or to make stupid (in the sense of being dazed).

Romance (Latin root)

문화적 맥락

It is a safe, formal word with no negative slurs associated with it.

English speakers often confuse it with 'stupidity', so they use it less than French speakers do.

Used in Victor Hugo's 'Les Misérables' to describe reactions to Javert's changes. Common in 'Le Monde' headlines. A key term in French psychological studies of shock.

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

News/Politics

  • stupéfaction générale
  • provoquer la stupéfaction
  • réagir avec stupéfaction
  • vent de stupéfaction

Literature/Storytelling

  • muet de stupéfaction
  • saisi de stupéfaction
  • lire la stupéfaction
  • profonde stupéfaction

Personal Life

  • À ma stupéfaction
  • avec stupéfaction
  • quelle stupéfaction
  • ma stupéfaction fut totale

Law/Formal Reports

  • constater avec stupéfaction
  • apprendre avec stupéfaction
  • la stupéfaction des témoins
  • susciter la stupéfaction

Science/Discovery

  • stupéfaction des chercheurs
  • jeter la stupéfaction
  • état de stupéfaction
  • une telle stupéfaction

대화 시작하기

"Quelle a été ta plus grande stupéfaction cette année ?"

"As-tu déjà appris une nouvelle avec une totale stupéfaction ?"

"Que penses-tu de la stupéfaction générale après le dernier match ?"

"Peux-tu décrire un moment où tu es resté muet de stupéfaction ?"

"Est-ce que la stupéfaction est un sentiment positif ou négatif pour toi ?"

일기 주제

Décrivez une situation où vous avez ressenti une vive stupéfaction. Qu'est-ce qui a causé ce sentiment ?

Pourquoi le mot 'stupéfaction' est-il plus fort que le mot 'surprise' ? Donnez des exemples.

Imaginez la stupéfaction d'un voyageur du temps arrivant en 2024. Que verrait-il ?

La stupéfaction peut-elle nous empêcher d'agir ? Racontez une expérience personnelle.

Analysez la différence entre la stupéfaction et la peur dans une situation inattendue.

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