B1 verb 중립 #5,000 가장 일반적인 3분 분량

悩ます

/na.ma.su/
Practice it

Overview

The Japanese verb '悩ます' (nayamasu) is a transitive verb meaning 'to trouble,' 'to afflict,' 'to harass,' 'to torment,' 'to vex,' or 'to bother.' It conveys the idea of causing mental distress, worry, or physical discomfort to someone.

**Etymology and Nuance:**

'悩ます' is derived from the verb '悩む' (nayamu), which means 'to worry,' 'to be troubled,' or 'to suffer.' The causative suffix '-asu' attached to '悩む' forms '悩ます,' indicating that the subject causes someone else to be in a state of '悩む.' This distinction is crucial: '悩む' describes one's own internal suffering, while '悩ます' describes the act of inflicting that suffering upon another.

**Common Usages and Contexts:**

  • Mental or Emotional Distress: This is the most frequent application of '悩ます.' It can describe a person, situation, or problem that causes worry, anxiety, or emotional pain.
  • Example: '彼の行動が私を悩ませる' (Kare no kōdō ga watashi o nayamaseru) - 'His actions trouble me.'
  • Example: '将来のことが彼女を悩ませている' (Shōrai no koto ga kanojo o nayamasete iru) - 'Things about the future are troubling her.'
  • Harassment or Annoyance: '悩ます' can also refer to repeatedly bothering or annoying someone, often in a persistent or intrusive manner.
  • Example: 'しつこいセールスマンが私を悩ませた' (Shitsukoi sērusuman ga watashi o nayamaseta) - 'The persistent salesman bothered me.'
  • Physical Affliction (less common in modern usage, but still valid): In some contexts, it can describe something that causes physical discomfort or pain, though '苦しめる' (kurushimeru - to torment/cause suffering) or '痛める' (itameru - to hurt/injure) might be more specific for purely physical ailments.
  • Example: '持病が彼を悩ませている' (Jibyō ga kare o nayamasete iru) - 'His chronic illness is afflicting him.'

**Grammar and Conjugation:**

'悩ます' is a Godan verb (五段活用動詞 - godan katsuyō dōshi), which means its stem ends in a consonant and it follows a specific pattern of conjugation. Here are some key forms:

  • Masu Form: 悩ませます (nayamasemasu) - polite present/future
  • Te Form: 悩ませて (nayamasete) - used for connecting clauses, requesting, etc.

* **Ta Form (Past):** 悩ませた (nayamaseta) - past tense

  • Nakatta Form (Negative Past): 悩ませなかった (nayamasenakatta) - negative past
  • Potential Form: 悩ませられる (nayamaserareru) or 悩ませる (nayamaseru - colloquial) - to be able to trouble
  • Passive Form: 悩まされる (nayamasareru) - to be troubled/afflicted (very common)
  • Example: '騒音に悩まされる' (Sōon ni nayamasareru) - 'To be troubled by noise.'

**Distinction from Similar Verbs:**

  • 悩む (nayamu): As mentioned, '悩む' is intransitive and describes one's own suffering or worry.
  • 苦しめる (kurushimeru): This verb also means 'to torment' or 'to cause suffering' but often implies a more severe or intense level of pain or distress, sometimes physical.
  • 困らせる (komaraseru): '困らせる' means 'to bother,' 'to inconvenience,' or 'to put someone in a difficult situation.' It's generally lighter in tone than '悩ます,' focusing more on inconvenience than deep emotional distress.

In summary, '悩ます' is a versatile verb used to express the act of causing trouble, worry, or affliction, primarily on an emotional or mental level, to another person or entity.

예시

1

頭を悩ます問題だ。

General

It's a problem that troubles me.

2

彼は隣人の騒音に悩まされている。

Daily life

He is afflicted by his neighbor's noise.

3

親は子供の将来について悩ますものだ。

Family

Parents worry about their children's future.

4

そのニュースは私を悩ました。

Emotional response

That news troubled me.

5

睡眠不足が彼の健康を悩ましている。

Health

Lack of sleep is afflicting his health.

자주 쓰는 조합

心を悩ます
頭を悩ます
彼を悩ます問題
悩ます種

자주 혼동되는 단어

悩ます vs 悩む

悩ます (nayamasu) is a transitive verb meaning 'to trouble' or 'to afflict' someone or something. 悩む (nayamu) is an intransitive verb meaning 'to be troubled' or 'to worry' oneself.

문법 패턴

XがYを悩ます (X troubles/afflicts Y) 悩まされる (nayamasareru - passive form: to be troubled/afflicted by X)

How to Use It

사용 참고사항

The verb '悩ます' (nayamasu) is a transitive verb, meaning it takes a direct object. It is used to describe the act of causing trouble, affliction, or distress to someone or something. Common patterns include: * [Subject] が [Object] を 悩ます (Subject troubles/afflicts Object): This is the most straightforward usage. * Example: 彼は私を悩ます。(Kare wa watashi o nayamasu.) - He troubles me. * Example: 騒音が近隣住民を悩ます。(Sōon ga kinrin jūmin o nayamasu.) - The noise afflicts the local residents. * It can also be used in more abstract senses, referring to things that cause mental or emotional distress. * Example: 将来の不安が彼を悩ます。(Shōrai no fuan ga kare o nayamasu.) - Anxiety about the future troubles him. * Example: 難しい問題が学生を悩ます。(Muzukashii mondai ga gakusei o nayamasu.) - Difficult problems afflict the students. Important Distinction: * Do not confuse '悩ます' (nayamasu - to trouble someone/something) with '悩む' (nayamu - to be troubled/worried oneself). '悩む' is an intransitive verb, describing the state of being troubled. * Example: 私は悩んでいる。(Watashi wa nayande iru.) - I am troubled/worried. * Example: 彼は問題に悩んでいる。(Kare wa mondai ni nayande iru.) - He is troubled by the problem. When using '悩ます', consider the nature of the 'trouble' or 'affliction' you are trying to convey, as it can range from mild irritation to severe torment. The context will often clarify the intensity of the feeling.

자주 하는 실수

A common mistake is confusing 'nayamasu' (悩ます) with 'nayamu' (悩む). 'Nayamasu' is a transitive verb meaning 'to trouble' or 'to afflict someone/something else,' while 'nayamu' is an intransitive verb meaning 'to be troubled' or 'to worry (oneself).' For example, you would use 'sensei ga seito o nayamasu' (先生が生徒を悩ます) to say 'the teacher troubles the student,' but 'seito ga nayamu' (生徒が悩む) to say 'the student worries' or 'the student is troubled.' Remember that 'nayamasu' acts *upon* an object, causing trouble, whereas 'nayamu' describes the state of *being* troubled by something.

어원

From Old Japanese. The original meaning was 'to cause someone to suffer mentally or physically'. It is the transitive form of 悩む (nayamu, 'to suffer, to worry'). The stem of 悩む is 悩み (nayami), and adding the causative suffix -す (-su) forms 悩ます (nayamasu). This pattern of creating a transitive verb from an intransitive verb's stem plus -す is common in Japanese (e.g., 悲しむ (kanashimu, 'to be sad') → 悲しませる (kanashimaseru, 'to make someone sad'), 苦しむ (kurushimu, 'to suffer') → 苦しめる (kurushimeru, 'to cause suffering')). The word 悩ます has been used in Japanese literature and poetry for centuries, reflecting various forms of distress and vexation. Its usage spans from literal physical torment to more abstract emotional or mental anguish. In modern Japanese, while still carrying the strong sense of causing trouble or affliction, it can sometimes be used in a slightly milder context, similar to 'bother' or 'annoy', depending on the situation and nuance. The word evokes a sense of persistent negative influence on someone's well-being.

문화적 맥락

The word '悩ます' (nayamasu) in Japanese carries a nuanced cultural weight, often reflecting situations where one is deeply troubled, tormented, or distressed, either mentally or physically. It can describe a wide range of afflictions, from minor annoyances to profound suffering. In Japanese society, there's often an emphasis on endurance and resilience, so '悩ます' can also imply a situation where someone is struggling but perhaps attempting to bear it silently. It's frequently used in literature, drama, and everyday conversation to describe personal struggles, emotional burdens, or external pressures that cause distress. The concept of 'meiwaku' (trouble or nuisance caused to others) is also related, as causing '悩ます' to others can be seen as a social transgression. The feeling of being '悩ます' can be a catalyst for seeking solutions, enduring, or sometimes, unfortunately, even giving up, depending on the individual and the severity of the situation. It's a word that touches upon the human experience of hardship and the various ways individuals cope with adversity within a cultural context that values harmony and perseverance.

암기 팁

Visualize someone being troubled or afflicted, perhaps with a thought bubble above their head filled with worries. The 'na' sound in 'nayamasu' can make you think of 'nagging' worries.

자주 묻는 질문

4 질문

'悩ます' (namasu) is a Japanese transitive verb that means 'to trouble,' 'to afflict,' 'to torment,' 'to harass,' 'to bother,' 'to worry,' 'to cause distress to,' or 'to annoy.' It implies causing mental or emotional discomfort to someone else.

'悩ます' is used when something or someone is causing trouble or distress to another. For example: * **彼を悩ます問題** (kare o namasu mondai): A problem that troubles him. * **彼女は不眠症に悩まされている。** (kanojo wa fuminsō ni namasarete iru.): She is afflicted with insomnia. (Here, it's used in the passive voice, '悩まされる' - to be troubled/afflicted). * **その騒音が私を悩ます。** (sono sōon ga watashi o namasu.): That noise bothers me. * **彼の言動が周りの人々を悩ませている。** (kare no gendō ga mawari no hitobito o namasete iru.): His words and actions are troubling the people around him.

Yes, '悩ます' often carries a nuance of something persistent or difficult to overcome that causes ongoing worry or distress. It can be used for both serious issues (like illness or financial problems) and more everyday annoyances (like noise or a persistent question). It implies an active role in causing the trouble, even if unintentional. It's also frequently seen in its passive form, '悩まされる' (namasareru), meaning 'to be troubled by' or 'to be afflicted with,' highlighting the recipient of the trouble.

Some related words and synonyms include: * **困らせる (komaraseru):** To inconvenience, to bother, to put in a difficult situation. (Slightly milder than 悩ます, often about practical difficulties). * **苦しめる (kurushimeru):** To cause suffering, to torment. (Often implies more severe suffering than 悩ます). * **いじめる (ijimeru):** To bully, to torment, to tease. (Specifically refers to bullying behavior). * **困惑させる (konwakusaseru):** To perplex, to bewilder, to confuse, to embarrass. (Focuses on mental confusion or embarrassment). * **心配させる (shinpai saseru):** To make someone worry, to cause anxiety.

셀프 테스트

fill blank

彼女の振る舞いは私を___。

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
fill blank

その問題は彼を長年___。

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
fill blank

隣人の騒音は私たちを___。

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:

점수: /3

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