悩ます
When you use the Japanese verb 悩ます (nayamasu), it means something or someone is causing trouble or distress to another person. It's a transitive verb, so it needs an object – the person or thing being troubled.
Think of it like this: if a difficult problem is making you worried, you could say the problem 悩ます (nayamasu) you. Or if a noisy neighbor is bothering you, the neighbor 悩ます (nayamasu) you.
It's often used when external factors are causing someone mental or emotional distress. You'll hear it in situations where people are being bothered, perplexed, or made to suffer by something.
When you 悩ます someone, you bother them or cause them problems. It's like making someone worry or feel distressed. This word is often used when one person's actions or a situation causes trouble for another person. For example, if a loud noise keeps you awake, that noise is 悩ます-ing you. Or if a difficult problem is constantly on your mind, that problem is 悩ます-ing you.
When you encounter the verb 悩ます (nayamasu), it means to cause someone trouble or to afflict them. This is a transitive verb, which means it directly acts upon an object. Think of it as making someone else experience 悩み (nayami), which is a worry or trouble.
You'll often see it used when someone or something is causing distress or problems for another person. For example, a difficult problem might 悩ます a student, or a noise might 悩ます a neighbor. It implies that the trouble is actively being inflicted by an external force or situation.
When you 悩ます someone, you cause them trouble or distress. It's often used for mental or emotional burdens rather than physical ones. For example, a difficult problem might 悩ます a student, or constant worries could 悩ます a parent. It implies a persistent or ongoing state of being bothered or afflicted by something. You might also use it when something keeps nagging at you.
When you use the Japanese verb 悩ます (nayamasu), you are talking about someone or something causing trouble or distress to another person. It's a transitive verb, meaning it directly acts upon an object. Think of it as 'to bother,' 'to worry,' or 'to torment' someone.
For example, if a difficult problem is causing you a lot of stress, you could say その問題が私を悩ませる (Sono mondai ga watashi o nayamaseru - That problem is troubling me).
It emphasizes the act of making someone feel troubled or worried. You'll often see it in situations where a person or a situation is a source of mental burden for someone else.
When you use the Japanese verb 悩ます (nayamasu), you are talking about something that is causing trouble or distress to someone else. It's a transitive verb, meaning it directly acts upon an object. Think of it as something making someone else worry or suffer.
For example, a difficult problem might 悩ます a student, or a persistent noise might 悩ます a neighbor. The key is that there's an external factor that is causing internal discomfort or worry for another person.
It's often used when something is weighing heavily on someone's mind or causing them ongoing emotional or mental difficulty. You'll hear it in contexts where a situation or another person is a source of persistent anguish.
So, if you want to say that something is bothering, distressing, or putting someone in a difficult spot, 悩ます is the word you're looking for.
§ Understanding 悩ます (Nayamasu)
Let's dive into how to properly use the Japanese verb 悩ます (nayamasu). This verb means "to trouble" or "to afflict." It's a transitive verb, which is a key point to remember for sentence construction. Think of it as actively doing something to someone or something else.
- Japanese Word
- 悩ます (nayamasu)
- Part of Speech
- Verb
- CEFR Level
- B1
- Definition
- To trouble; to afflict (transitive).
§ Basic Sentence Structure with 悩ます
Since 悩ます is a transitive verb, it takes a direct object. This means the thing or person being troubled will be marked with the particle を (o). The subject, the one doing the troubling, will be marked with が (ga) or は (wa), depending on the context.
§ Examples of 悩ます in Action
Let's look at some practical examples to see how 悩ます is used in everyday Japanese.
Troubling someone directly:
彼の言動が私を悩ました。(Kare no gendō ga watashi o nayamashita.)
Hint: His words and actions troubled me.
Something abstract troubling someone:
騒音が近隣住民を悩ませている。(Sōon ga kinrin jūmin o nayamasete iru.)
Hint: The noise is troubling the neighbors.
Troubling a specific part of the body (afflicting):
その病気は多くの人々を悩ませた。(Sono byōki wa ōku no hitobito o nayamaseta.)
Hint: That illness afflicted many people.
§ 悩ます vs. 悩む (Nayamu)
It's important to distinguish 悩ます (nayamasu) from its related verb 悩む (nayamu). While both relate to trouble or worry, their grammatical roles are different.
- 悩む (Nayamu)
- To worry; to be troubled (intransitive). The subject itself is doing the worrying.
Here's an example of 悩む:
私は将来について悩んでいる。(Watashi wa shōrai ni tsuite nayande iru.)
Hint: I am worrying about my future.
Notice how in this case, 私は (watashi wa) is the one doing the worrying. There's no direct object being troubled by something else. With 悩ます, something else is causing the trouble.
§ Common Prepositions/Particles with 悩ます
While を (o) is the primary particle to mark the direct object, you'll sometimes see other particles indicating the source or reason for the trouble, though this is often implied or expressed through different sentence structures.
を (o): This is the most common and direct particle, marking the person or thing being troubled.
その問題が彼を悩ませた。(Sono mondai ga kare o nayamaseta.)
Hint: That problem troubled him.
Keep practicing with these examples, and you'll get the hang of using 悩ます correctly. Pay close attention to whether the verb is transitive (悩ます) or intransitive (悩む) in your own sentences.
How Formal Is It?
"学生を悩ませる問題は、早急に解決すべきです。 Hint: Problems that trouble students should be resolved promptly."
"この数学の問題が私を悩ませている。 Hint: This math problem is troubling me."
"最近、仕事のことで頭を悩ませてるんだ。 Hint: Lately, work has been troubling my mind."
دليل النطق
- Pronouncing the 'u' at the end too strongly, it's often devoiced.
- Confusing the length of the vowels.
مستوى الصعوبة
Common kanji, but the nuance of the verb can be tricky.
Common kanji, but remembering the -masu form can be a minor challenge.
Pronunciation is straightforward, but correct usage in context requires practice.
Relatively common in spoken Japanese, context helps with understanding.
ماذا تتعلّم بعد ذلك
المتطلبات الأساسية
تعلّم لاحقاً
متقدم
أمثلة حسب المستوى
その問題が彼を悩ませた。
That problem troubled him.
毎日何を食べるか悩んでいます。
I'm troubled about what to eat every day.
子供の将来について悩む親は多い。
Many parents worry about their children's future.
選択肢が多すぎて私を悩ませる。
Too many choices trouble me.
健康問題が彼を悩ませている。
Health problems are afflicting him.
どうすればいいか分からず悩んだ。
I was troubled, not knowing what to do.
彼女の言葉が私の心を悩ませた。
Her words troubled my heart.
難しい宿題に頭を悩ませる。
I rack my brain over the difficult homework.
私は難しい問題に悩まされています。
I am troubled by a difficult problem.
Passive voice: 悩まされる (to be troubled by)
彼の健康問題が家族を悩ませています。
His health issues are troubling his family.
Direct object を 悩ませる
この騒音が近所の住民を悩ませています。
This noise is bothering the local residents.
Direct object を 悩ませる
彼女はその決断に心を悩ませていた。
She was troubling her mind over that decision.
心を悩ませる (to trouble one's mind)
子供の将来について親は悩むことが多い。
Parents often worry about their children's future.
悩む (intransitive) is often used for personal worrying.
仕事のストレスが彼を悩ませています。
Work stress is afflicting him.
Direct object を 悩ませる
そのニュースは多くの人々を悩ませた。
That news troubled many people.
Direct object を 悩ませる
彼はいつも小さなことを気に病んで、自分を悩ませている。
He always worries about small things and troubles himself.
自分を悩ませる (to trouble oneself)
最近、仕事のストレスが彼を悩ませている。
Recently, work stress has been troubling him.
彼女の健康問題が家族全員を悩ませていた。
Her health issues had been afflicting the entire family.
その難問が何日も私を悩ませた。
That difficult problem troubled me for days.
将来の選択肢が彼を深く悩ませた。
His future options deeply troubled him.
過去の失敗が今でも彼を悩ませているようだ。
Past failures still seem to be afflicting him.
子供たちの教育問題が親たちを悩ませる。
Children's education issues trouble the parents.
経済的な不安が多くの人々を悩ませている現状だ。
The current situation is that economic anxiety is troubling many people.
彼の無責任な行動が周囲の人々を悩ませている。
His irresponsible actions are troubling the people around him.
يُخلط عادةً مع
Intransitive verb: to worry, to be troubled (self-directed).
Causative form of 悩む: to make someone worry, to cause someone to be troubled.
To inconvenience, to trouble, to put someone in a difficult situation (often practical).
أنماط نحوية
سهل الخلط
Often confused with similar-sounding verbs like 悩む (nayamu) and 悩ませる (nayamaseru), but 悩ます specifically means to trouble or afflict someone else.
悩ます is a transitive verb, meaning it directly acts upon an object. It describes the act of causing someone trouble or distress. In contrast, 悩む (nayamu) is an intransitive verb meaning 'to worry' or 'to be troubled' yourself. 悩ませる (nayamaseru) is the causative form of 悩む, meaning 'to make someone worry' or 'to cause someone to be troubled,' which is very close in meaning but carries a slightly different nuance of 'making' someone worry.
彼の態度は私を悩ました。 (Kare no taido wa watashi o nayamashita.) - His attitude troubled me.
Often mixed up with 悩ます (nayamasu) because both relate to worry or trouble. However, 悩む is about one's own internal state of being troubled.
悩む is an intransitive verb. It means 'to worry,' 'to be troubled,' or 'to be in distress.' The subject of the verb is the one experiencing the worry. It describes an internal feeling, not an action inflicted on someone else.
私は進路について悩んでいます。 (Watashi wa shinro ni tsuite nayande imasu.) - I am worried about my career path.
This is the causative form of 悩む and is very close in meaning to 悩ます. The difference is subtle but important for precision.
悩ませる means 'to make someone worry' or 'to cause someone to be troubled.' While 悩ます focuses on 'afflicting' or 'troubling' directly, 悩ませる emphasizes 'making' or 'causing' the worry. It often implies a more indirect or less intense form of troubling compared to 悩ます.
彼の無責任な行動が私を悩ませた。 (Kare no musekinin na kōdō ga watashi o nayamaseta.) - His irresponsible actions made me worry.
Can be confused with 悩ます as both involve causing trouble or difficulty to someone. However, 困らせる often implies a more general state of difficulty or inconvenience.
困らせる means 'to inconvenience,' 'to trouble,' or 'to put someone in a difficult situation.' While 悩ます often implies emotional or mental distress, 困らせる can refer to practical difficulties or awkward situations. The trouble caused by 困らせる might be less profound than that by 悩ます.
彼の質問は先生を困らせた。 (Kare no shitsumon wa sensei o komaraseta.) - His question troubled the teacher (made the teacher a bit awkward/difficult situation).
Similar to 悩ます in that it means to cause suffering, but 苦しめる suggests a more severe degree of pain or suffering.
苦しめる means 'to torment,' 'to distress,' or 'to cause suffering.' It implies a stronger, often physical or intense mental pain compared to 悩ます, which is more about causing worry or trouble. 苦しめる suggests a deeper level of affliction.
病気が彼を苦しめた。 (Byōki ga kare o kurushimeta.) - The illness tormented him.
أنماط الجُمل
XがYを悩ます
新しい仕事の責任が彼を悩ました。 (The responsibilities of the new job troubled him.)
悩ます + noun
この問題は私を悩ます。 (This problem troubles me.)
〜に悩まされる (passive form)
彼は騒音に悩まされている。 (He is troubled by the noise.)
〜を悩ますような〜
私を悩ますようなことは言わないでください。 (Please don't say things that trouble me.)
悩ませる (causative form)
彼の態度が母親を悩ませた。 (His attitude troubled his mother.)
悩ます + こと
人を悩ますことは良くない。 (It's not good to trouble people.)
悩ます + 問題/原因
彼を悩ます問題は何ですか？ (What is the problem troubling him?)
〜に悩まされ続ける
彼女は長年、健康問題に悩まされ続けている。 (She has been continuously troubled by health problems for many years.)
عائلة الكلمة
الأسماء
الأفعال
الصفات
نصائح
Basic Meaning of 悩ます
悩ます (なやます) means 'to trouble' or 'to afflict' someone. It's a transitive verb, meaning it directly acts on an object. Think of it as causing someone distress or worry.
Subject and Object with 悩ます
The subject of 悩ます is what is doing the troubling, and the object (marked with を) is who is being troubled. For example, '問題が私を悩ます' means 'The problem troubles me.'
Common Contexts for 悩ます
You'll often hear 悩ます in contexts where something is causing someone mental or emotional distress, like a difficult problem, a decision, or even a persistent illness. It implies a degree of ongoing worry.
Distinguishing from 悩む
Don't confuse 悩ます with 悩む (なやむ), which is an intransitive verb meaning 'to worry' or 'to be troubled' (by oneself). 悩ます is 'to cause someone to worry', while 悩む is 'to do the worrying yourself'.
Using in Passive Voice
You can use 悩ます in the passive voice (悩まされる, なやませられる) to say 'to be troubled' or 'to be afflicted by something'. This is very common. For example, '私は問題に悩まされている' means 'I am troubled by a problem'.
Formal vs. Informal Usage
悩ます is a neutral verb and can be used in both formal and informal contexts. The politeness level will depend on the conjugation and surrounding sentence structure.
Example: Troublesome Situation
彼のわがままが私を悩ます。 (かれの わがまま が わたし を なやます。) - 'His selfishness troubles me.'
Example: Health Affliction
その病気が彼を長年悩ませている。 (その びょうき が かれ を ながねん なやませて いる。) - 'That illness has afflicted him for many years.'
Example: Constant Worry
選択が彼女を悩ませていた。 (せんたく が かのじょ を なやませて いた。) - 'The choice was troubling her.'
Avoid Direct Translation Issues
While 'to trouble' is a good start, remember that the nuance of 悩ます often implies a deeper, more persistent emotional or mental burden than just a simple inconvenience. It's about causing distress.
اختبر نفسك 54 أسئلة
This means 'a problem that troubles me'. The direct object '私を' (me) comes before the verb '悩ます' (to trouble), and '問題' (problem) modifies the verb phrase.
This means 'He troubles me'. '彼' (he) is the subject, 'は' is the topic particle, '私を' (me) is the direct object, and '悩ます' is the verb.
This means 'This sound troubles me'. 'この音' (this sound) is the subject, 'が' is the subject particle, '私を' (me) is the direct object, and '悩ます' is the verb.
Choose the most appropriate word to complete the sentence: 彼の病気は家族を___。
The context of '病気' (illness) suggests a negative impact, making '悩ませている' (is troubling) the most suitable choice.
Which of the following sentences uses '悩ます' correctly?
'悩ます' is a transitive verb meaning 'to trouble' or 'to afflict' someone or something. The subject is usually the cause of the trouble, and the object is the one being troubled.
What is the best English translation for '彼の行動が彼女を悩ませた'?
'行動' (actions) is the subject causing the trouble, and '彼女' (her) is the object being troubled.
You can use '悩ます' to say 'I am troubled by the weather.' (天気は私を悩ませる。)
Yes, '悩ます' can be used in this context. The weather is the cause of the trouble.
'悩ます' is an intransitive verb.
'悩ます' is a transitive verb, meaning it takes a direct object.
The sentence '頭痛が私を悩ませた' (The headache troubled me) uses '悩ます' correctly.
Yes, '頭痛' (headache) is the subject causing the trouble to the object '私' (me).
The problem is troubling me.
His health condition is afflicting his family.
How can we solve this troubling situation?
Read this aloud:
彼女の質問が私を悩ませた。
Focus: なやませた (nayamaseta)
قلت:
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Read this aloud:
最近、仕事のことで悩んでいます。
Focus: なやんでいます (nayan de imasu)
قلت:
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Read this aloud:
この件で彼を悩ませたくない。
Focus: なやませたくない (nayamasetakunai)
قلت:
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The correct order is '私を悩ます問題' (a problem that troubles me).
The correct order is 'そのことで彼を悩ませないでください' (Please don't trouble him with that).
The correct order is '彼女は彼の無礼な態度に悩まされている' (She is troubled by his rude attitude).
Choose the most appropriate sentence using 悩ます.
悩ます is a transitive verb meaning 'to trouble' or 'to afflict'. The subject 'she' troubles the object 'him'.
Which sentence correctly uses 悩ます to describe a problem causing distress?
悩ます takes a direct object that is being troubled. The problem is the cause of distress, troubling him.
Select the sentence that indicates someone is intentionally causing trouble.
The volitional form + としている (or と思う) indicates an attempt or intention. Here, he is intending to trouble her.
悩ます can be used to describe a difficult decision that is causing mental anguish.
悩ます refers to causing trouble or affliction, which includes mental distress from difficult decisions.
You can use 悩ます to say 'I am troubling myself with work.'
While it means 'to trouble,' 悩ます is transitive. To express 'I am troubling myself,' you would typically use the passive voice 悩まされる (to be troubled) or 悩む (to worry/be troubled). For instance, 私は仕事で悩んでいる (I am worrying about work) or 私は仕事に悩まされている (I am troubled by work).
The phrase '悩ますような問題' (a problem that troubles) is a correct usage.
This phrase correctly uses 悩ます in its attributive form to describe a problem that causes trouble or affliction.
The problem is troubling me.
It seems she is greatly troubled by him.
A difficult choice afflicted him.
Read this aloud:
何があなたを悩ませていますか？
Focus: 何 (nani), あなた (anata), 悩ませています (nayamasete imasu)
قلت:
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Read this aloud:
私はその決断に悩まされています。
Focus: 私 (watashi), その (sono), 決断 (ketsudan), 悩まされています (nayamasete imasu)
قلت:
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Read this aloud:
子供の将来について親は悩むものだ。
Focus: 子供 (kodomo), 将来 (shōrai), 親 (oya), 悩む (nayamu)
قلت:
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Choose the sentence where 悩ます is used correctly.
悩ます is a transitive verb meaning 'to trouble' or 'to afflict'. In option A, '彼' (he) is troubling '私' (me). Options B and C use related forms (悩む, 悩ましい) but not the target word 悩ます correctly in this context. Option D is grammatically awkward and doesn't convey a common usage.
Which sentence correctly uses 悩ます to describe a problem causing distress?
悩ます requires a direct object that is being troubled. In option A, 'その質問' (that question) troubles '彼' (him). Option B uses the passive voice '悩まされる' (to be troubled by), which is a different grammatical construction. Options C and D misuse the verb.
Select the most appropriate sentence using 悩ます to indicate something causing mental anguish.
Here, '借金' (debt) is causing mental anguish to '彼' (him), which is a correct use of 悩ます. Options B, C, and D are grammatically incorrect or do not convey the intended meaning of 'to trouble/afflict' in a natural way.
The sentence '彼の言葉は私を悩ました。' (His words troubled me.) is a correct usage of 悩ます.
Yes, '彼の言葉' (his words) is the subject that troubled '私' (me), making it a correct transitive use of 悩ます.
You can use 悩ます to describe someone feeling troubled without an external cause, e.g., '彼は悩ましていた。'
No, 悩ます is a transitive verb, meaning it requires a direct object (the person or thing being troubled) and a subject (the thing causing the trouble). If someone is feeling troubled internally, you would typically use the intransitive verb 悩む (nayamu). '彼は悩んでいた。' (He was troubled.) would be more appropriate.
The phrase '悩ます問題' (a troubling problem) is a common and correct usage.
No, while conceptually similar, the adjective form '悩ましい' (nayamashii - troubling/perplexing) would be used here, as in '悩ましい問題'. 悩ます is a verb and wouldn't directly modify a noun in this way.
You are a manager and one of your employees is consistently underperforming. Explain how their performance issues are troubling the team and the company, and propose a solution.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
彼のパフォーマンス不足はチーム全体の士気を悩ましています。特に、納期遅延は会社に大きな損害を与えています。改善計画を立て、彼のスキルアップをサポートすることが急務です。
Describe a personal dilemma or difficult decision you've faced that caused you a lot of worry or trouble. Explain the situation and how it affected you.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
キャリアの転換期に、新しい分野への挑戦と安定した現状維持の間でひどく悩みました。この決断は私の将来に大きく影響すると思われ、数ヶ月間ずっと頭を悩ませていました。
Imagine you are writing a letter of complaint to a company about a faulty product. Explain how the product's malfunction has troubled you and caused inconvenience.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
先日購入した貴社の製品が故障し、大変悩まされています。この故障により、私の日常生活に多大な不便が生じており、早急な対応をお願いいたします。
現代社会で人々を悩ませている主な要因は何ですか？
Read this passage:
現代社会において、情報過多は多くの人々を悩ませる要因の一つとなっています。特にSNSの普及により、真偽不明な情報が氾濫し、何が正しいのか判断に苦しむ人が増えています。この状況は、人々の精神的な健康にも悪影響を及ぼす可能性があります。
現代社会で人々を悩ませている主な要因は何ですか？
本文の冒頭に「情報過多は多くの人々を悩ませる要因の一つとなっています」と明記されています。
本文の冒頭に「情報過多は多くの人々を悩ませる要因の一つとなっています」と明記されています。
中小企業が現在直面している深刻な問題は何ですか？
Read this passage:
経済状況の悪化は、多くの企業経営者を悩ませています。特に中小企業では、原材料費の高騰や人手不足が深刻化し、事業継続が困難になるケースも少なくありません。政府による支援策が求められています。
中小企業が現在直面している深刻な問題は何ですか？
本文中に「特に中小企業では、原材料費の高騰や人手不足が深刻化し」と記載されています。
本文中に「特に中小企業では、原材料費の高騰や人手不足が深刻化し」と記載されています。
若者を悩ませている将来への不安の要因として本文で挙げられているのは何ですか？
Read this passage:
若者の間で将来に対する不安が広がっており、これが彼らを深く悩ませる原因となっています。就職難や年金制度への不信感など、多くの要素が絡み合っています。社会全体でこの問題に取り組む必要があります。
若者を悩ませている将来への不安の要因として本文で挙げられているのは何ですか？
「就職難や年金制度への不信感など、多くの要素が絡み合っています」と具体的な要因が挙げられています。
「就職難や年金制度への不信感など、多くの要素が絡み合っています」と具体的な要因が挙げられています。
Choose the sentence where 悩ます is used correctly.
悩ます is a transitive verb, meaning it takes a direct object (the one being troubled). In option A, '彼女を' (her) is the direct object. In option B, '悩まされている' is passive, meaning 'being troubled', which is grammatically correct but not a direct use of the transitive form. Option C is incorrect because '宿題を' (homework) is the object of the troubling, not the one troubled. Option D is also incorrect, as '皆を' (everyone) is the direct object, but '悩ます' often implies a more persistent or deep-seated trouble.
Which of the following best describes the nuance of 悩ます?
While 悩ます can involve thinking or inconvenience, its core meaning leans towards a more continuous and often distressing state of being troubled or tormented, as opposed to a temporary or slight issue.
Select the sentence that uses 悩ます with an appropriate subject and object.
悩ます is transitive. The subject ('彼の優柔不断な態度' - his indecisive attitude) is causing trouble to the object ('周りの人々を' - the people around him). Option B uses the verb in a way that implies the subject is troubling the problem, which is incorrect. Option C is passive. Option D is grammatically plausible but '本が私を悩ます' would be more natural if the book's content was the source of distress, rather than the book itself being the agent of trouble.
悩ます can be used when a difficult puzzle makes someone think for a long time.
Yes, if the puzzle is causing prolonged mental effort and a degree of distress or struggle to solve, 悩ます is appropriate as it implies persistent mental trouble.
If you want to say 'I was troubled by the noise,' you should use 騒音が私を悩ました。
While grammatically correct, it's more natural to say '騒音に悩まされた' (I was troubled by the noise, using the passive form) or '騒音が私を悩ませた' (the noise troubled me). The given sentence, while technically possible, feels slightly less natural in common usage compared to the passive or causative forms when the source of trouble is an inanimate object like noise.
悩ます always implies a negative or unpleasant feeling.
The word 悩ます inherently carries the nuance of causing distress, trouble, or affliction, which are typically negative or unpleasant feelings.
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Basic Meaning of 悩ます
悩ます (なやます) means 'to trouble' or 'to afflict' someone. It's a transitive verb, meaning it directly acts on an object. Think of it as causing someone distress or worry.
Subject and Object with 悩ます
The subject of 悩ます is what is doing the troubling, and the object (marked with を) is who is being troubled. For example, '問題が私を悩ます' means 'The problem troubles me.'
Common Contexts for 悩ます
You'll often hear 悩ます in contexts where something is causing someone mental or emotional distress, like a difficult problem, a decision, or even a persistent illness. It implies a degree of ongoing worry.
Distinguishing from 悩む
Don't confuse 悩ます with 悩む (なやむ), which is an intransitive verb meaning 'to worry' or 'to be troubled' (by oneself). 悩ます is 'to cause someone to worry', while 悩む is 'to do the worrying yourself'.
محتوى ذو صلة
هذه الكلمة بلغات أخرى
عبارات ذات صلة
مزيد من كلمات health
しばらく
B1For a while, for some time.
異変がある
B1To have an unusual change or abnormality.
異常な
B1Abnormal; unusual; irregular.
擦り傷
B1Scratch, graze, abrasion.
吸収する
B1To absorb.
禁酒
B1Abstinence from alcohol; the act of refraining from alcohol.
痛む
A2to hurt; to ache
鍼灸
B1Acupuncture and moxibustion; traditional Chinese medicine treatments.
急性的
B1Acute.
急性な
B1Acute
