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B1 noun 중립 #800 가장 일반적인 3분 분량

〜用

you jo̞ː
연습하기

Overview

The Japanese suffix '〜用' (-yō), pronounced 'yoh,' is a highly versatile and frequently encountered linguistic element that denotes purpose, intended use, or a designated category. It translates broadly to 'for use,' 'for,' 'intended for,' 'designed for,' or 'suitable for' in English, depending on the context. Its utility lies in its ability to specify the application or target of a noun, thereby providing crucial information about its function or audience.

Grammatically, '〜用' attaches directly to nouns, creating compound nouns or modifying phrases. It rarely attaches to verbs or adjectives directly, though it can follow nominalized verbs (e.g., '見る' (miru, to see) becomes '見る用' (miruyō, for viewing)).

One of the primary functions of '〜用' is to indicate the specific purpose or function of an object. For instance, '料理用' (ryōriyō) combines '料理' (ryōri, cooking/cuisine) with '〜用' to mean 'for cooking' or 'cooking use.' This distinction is vital when differentiating between items that might otherwise appear similar but have different applications. Consider 'ハサミ' (hasami, scissors). '紙用ハサミ' (kamiyō hasami) would be 'scissors for paper,' while '布用ハサミ' (nunoyō hasami) would be 'scissors for fabric,' highlighting their specialized design and suitability.

Beyond objects, '〜用' can also specify the intended user or demographic. For example, '子供用' (kodomoyō) means 'for children' or 'children's use,' commonly seen on products like '子供用歯ブラシ' (kodomoyō haburashi, children's toothbrush) or '子供用自転車' (kodomoyō jitensha, children's bicycle). Similarly, '男性用' (danseiyō, for men) and '女性用' (joseiyō, for women) are ubiquitous in clothing, cosmetics, and other personal care items, indicating products tailored to specific genders. '業務用' (gyōmuyō) signifies 'for business use' or 'commercial use,' distinguishing professional-grade equipment or services from those intended for personal consumption.

Furthermore, '〜用' can denote a specific occasion or situation. 'お祝い用' (oiwaiyō) means 'for celebrations' or 'for festive occasions,' while '旅行用' (ryokōyō) refers to something 'for travel' or 'travel use,' such as '旅行用カバン' (ryokōyō kaban, travel bag). This usage helps categorize items based on when or where they are typically employed.

In some contexts, '〜用' can also imply a designated space or area. For example, '駐車場用' (chūshajōyō) could refer to something 'for a parking lot' or 'parking lot use,' though this is less common than its application to objects or people.

The versatility of '〜用' makes it an indispensable part of Japanese vocabulary, providing a concise and efficient way to convey purpose and classification. Understanding its various applications is crucial for comprehending product labels, instructions, and general conversation in Japanese. Its presence simplifies communication by immediately indicating the function, target audience, or context of a given item or concept.

예시

1

男性用トイレ

Referring to facilities or products designated for a specific gender.

men's restroom

2

家庭用洗剤

Describing a product intended for home use.

household detergent

3

料理用ワイン

Indicating an ingredient's specific culinary application.

cooking wine

4

子供用のおもちゃ

Specifying the target age group for a product.

toy for children

5

医療用の機器

Categorizing equipment based on its professional field of use.

medical equipment

자주 쓰는 조합

家庭用 (kateiyou)
業務用 (gyoumu you)
男性用 (danseiyou)
女性用 (joseiyou)

자주 혼동되는 단어

〜用 대 よう (you)

Although both '〜用' (-yō) and 'よう' (you) contain the same 'よう' sound, they have distinct meanings and grammatical functions. '〜用' is a suffix indicating purpose or intended use, as in '家庭用' (kateiyō, for household use). 'よう' (you) is a much broader term with multiple meanings, including 'way/manner' (e.g., このように - kono yō ni, in this way), 'appearance/state' (e.g., 眠いよう - nemui yō, seems sleepy), 'resemblance' (e.g., 子供のよう - kodomo no yō, like a child), and it can also be part of various grammatical constructions like '〜ように' (yō ni, in order to) or '〜ようだ' (yō da, it seems that). The key difference is that '〜用' exclusively refers to purpose or intended use when attached to a noun, while 'よう' (you) has a wider range of uses and meanings, often relating to appearance, manner, or forming subordinate clauses.

〜用 대 向け (muke)

Both '〜用' (-yō) and '〜向け' (-muke) express a sense of targeting or intended use, but there's a subtle yet important distinction. '〜用' generally indicates that something is *for the use of* a particular group or purpose, often implying suitability or design. For example, '子供用' (kodomo-yō) means 'for children's use' or 'child-sized/designed for children'. '〜向け' (muke), on the other hand, more strongly emphasizes the *direction* or *target audience* something is aimed at or directed towards. '子供向け' (kodomo-muke) means 'aimed at children' or 'for a children's audience'. While there can be overlap, '用' often focuses on the intrinsic design or purpose, whereas '向け' focuses on the marketing or intended recipient. '用' can sometimes imply a more general category of use, while '向け' is usually more about who the item or content is specifically addressed to. For instance, a 'ビジネス用スーツ' (business-yō sūtsu) is a suit *for business use*, implying its style and material are appropriate. A 'ビジネスマン向け商品' (businessman-muke shōhin) is a product *aimed at businessmen*, implying it addresses their specific needs as a target demographic.

문법 패턴

[Noun] + 用 [Verb Stem] + 用 [Noun] + 用の + [Noun]

사용법

사용 참고사항

The suffix 〜用 (-yō) attaches to nouns to specify the purpose, intended user, or designated location of something. It is highly versatile and can be applied to a wide range of contexts. When used with a noun indicating a person or group, it signifies 'for [person/group],' as in 男性用 (dansei-yō, for men) or 家族用 (kazoku-yō, for family). When attached to a noun indicating an activity or object, it means 'for [activity/object],' such as 事務用 (jimu-yō, for office work) or 旅行用 (ryokō-yō, for travel). It can also indicate a material or ingredient 'for [purpose],' like 菓子用 (kashi-yō, for confectionery). The pronunciation is generally straightforward, following the pronunciation of the preceding noun. It is important to note that while often translated as 'for,' its nuance is more specific, always implying a designated or intended use rather than just a general relationship. It's rarely used with verbs directly; instead, a noun form of the verb (like a gerund) would be used, e.g., 勉強用 (benkyō-yō, for studying). The usage is very common in both spoken and written Japanese and is essential for understanding product labels, instructions, and general communication about specialized items.

자주 하는 실수

150 WORDS.

팁

💡

Usage of 〜用 (-yō): Indicating Purpose or Target

The suffix 〜用 (-yō) attaches to nouns to specify that something is 'for the use of' that noun, 'for' a particular purpose, or 'designed for' a specific group. It's a versatile suffix that clearly delineates the intended function or recipient of an item. For example, 子供用 (kodomo-yō) means 'for children' or 'child-sized,' indicating an item designed specifically for kids. Similarly, 料理用 (ryōri-yō) means 'for cooking' or 'cooking-use,' signifying ingredients or tools intended for culinary purposes. Understanding this suffix is crucial for accurately interpreting signs, product labels, and instructions in Japanese, as it directly conveys the utility of the object it modifies.

💡

Common Pitfalls with 〜用 (-yō): Overuse and Nuance

While 〜用 (-yō) is straightforward, a common pitfall is overusing it where a simpler construction might be more natural, or misinterpreting subtle nuances. For instance, while 'for cooking' can be 料理用, sometimes simply 料理 (ryōri) in context implies 'for cooking' without needing the suffix. Another nuance is that 〜用 implies a dedicated purpose; something that is 観光用 (kankō-yō, for sightseeing) might be specifically adapted or marketed for tourists, not just something a tourist happens to use. Be mindful that while it can describe general purpose, it often suggests a specialized design or intended user. Always consider the context to avoid sounding overly explicit or slightly off in your Japanese. Pay attention to how native speakers use it in various situations to grasp its natural application.

💡

Mastering 〜用 (-yō): Contextual Application and Related Expressions

To master 〜用 (-yō), focus on understanding its contextual application and differentiate it from similar expressions. It's not just 'for X,' but often implies 'designed for X,' 'intended for X,' or 'suitable for X.' For example, 仕事用 (shigoto-yō) means 'for work' (e.g., clothes for work, a bag for work), implying suitability or purpose rather than just a temporary action. Compare this with 〜のために (no tame ni), which also means 'for the sake of' or 'for the purpose of,' but often implies a broader or more abstract purpose, or a benefit. For instance, 健康のために (kenkō no tame ni) means 'for the sake of health.' While 〜用 specifies the dedicated purpose of an item, 〜のために often describes the motivation or beneficiary of an action. Practicing with various nouns and observing its use in everyday Japanese will solidify your understanding and allow you to use it naturally and effectively.

어원

From Middle Chinese compound 用事 (MC yongH dzyh, “to use, to employ”). The sense of “for the use of” is a calque of the Chinese suffix 用 (yòng).

문화적 맥락

The suffix 〜用 (-yō), meaning 'for use' or 'for the purpose of,' is ubiquitous in Japanese daily life and reflects a strong cultural emphasis on specialization, practicality, and efficiency. This suffix is often seen on products, packaging, and signs, indicating the intended function or target user. For example, 女性用 (josei-yō) means 'for women,' 子供用 (kodomo-yō) means 'for children,' and 料理用 (ryōri-yō) means 'for cooking.' This precision helps consumers quickly identify suitable items and avoids ambiguity. Furthermore, the extensive use of -yō can be linked to a cultural appreciation for organization and categorization, ensuring that specific tools or items are readily available for particular tasks. It also subtly reinforces a sense of appropriateness and consideration for different users and situations, from household goods to public facilities.

암기 팁

mnemonic

자주 묻는 질문

4 질문

The Japanese suffix '〜用' (-yō) is used to indicate something is 'for use' or 'for the purpose of' something. It's often translated as 'for' or 'for use by'.

Certainly! A common example is '料理用' (ryōri-yō), which means 'for cooking' or 'for culinary use'. You might see this on ingredients or tools specifically designed for cooking.

Yes, there are many! It can indicate something is for a specific person or group, like '大人用' (otona-yō) for 'adults' use', or '子供用' (kodomo-yō) for 'children's use'. It can also specify a purpose, such as '旅行用' (ryokō-yō) for 'travel use' or '仕事用' (shigoto-yō) for 'work use'.

While generally straightforward, sometimes '〜用' (-yō) can imply a dedicated or specialized item. For example, '男性用' (dansei-yō) for 'men's use' could refer to men's restrooms or products specifically designed for men. The context usually clarifies the exact nuance.

셀프 테스트

fill blank

この箸は子供___ですか？ (Are these chopsticks for children?)

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
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これは料理___の油です。(This is oil for cooking.)

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
fill blank

会議___の資料はどこですか？ (Where are the materials for the meeting?)

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:

점수: /3

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