Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
When you express sadness or emotion about an action, the second verb must be in the subjunctive mood.
- Use 'Es triste que' + subjunctive to express sadness about an event.
- The subject of the first clause must be different from the second clause.
- If the subject is the same, use the infinitive instead (e.g., 'Estoy triste de ir').
Overview
subjuntivo(접속법) 모드의 문제입니다...접속법을 사용합니다...How This Grammar Works
que), 그리고 주어의 변화가 필요합니다...
Formation Pattern
-ar은 -e로, -er/-ir은 -a로...
When To Use It
Common Mistakes
que를 잊어버리거나 일반 현재 시제를 사용하는 것...Contrast With Similar Patterns
Creo que (직설법) vs Es triste que (접속법)...Quick FAQ
문자에서 사용되나요? A: 네, 항상 사용됩니다!
Present Subjunctive Endings
| Person | -AR Verbs | -ER/-IR Verbs |
|---|---|---|
|
Yo
|
-e
|
-a
|
|
Tú
|
-es
|
-as
|
|
Él/Ella/Ud.
|
-e
|
-a
|
|
Nosotros
|
-emos
|
-amos
|
|
Vosotros
|
-éis
|
-áis
|
|
Ellos/Ellas/Uds.
|
-en
|
-an
|
Meanings
This rule triggers the subjunctive mood because it expresses a subjective emotional reaction to an event rather than an objective fact.
Expressing sadness
Used to convey personal sorrow regarding a situation.
“Es triste que llueva tanto.”
“Me entristece que no me llames.”
Reference Table
| 슬픔 표현 (Trigger) | 한국어 의미 | 필요한 동사 형태 |
|---|---|---|
|
Es triste que...
|
...해서 슬프다
|
접속법 (Subjunctive)
|
|
Me pone triste que...
|
...이 나를 슬프게 한다
|
접속법 (Subjunctive)
|
|
Me da pena que...
|
...해서 안타깝다/슬프다
|
접속법 (Subjunctive)
|
|
Siento mucho que...
|
...해서 정말 유감이다/슬프다
|
접속법 (Subjunctive)
|
|
Es una pena que...
|
...인 게 유감이다/아쉽다
|
접속법 (Subjunctive)
|
|
Me entristece que...
|
...이 나를 슬프게 만든다
|
접속법 (Subjunctive)
|
격식 수준 스펙트럼
Es lamentable que él se marche. (Departure)
Es triste que él se vaya. (Departure)
Es una pena que se vaya. (Departure)
Qué bajón que se vaya. (Departure)
슬픔을 표현하는 방법
비인칭 표현
- Es triste que It's sad that
- Es una pena que It's a shame that
개인적 표현
- Me pone triste que It makes me sad that
- Siento que I'm sorry/sad that
직설법 vs 접속법
언제 접속법을 쓸까요?
슬픔을 표현하고 있나요?
주어가 바뀌었나요?
접속법의 반전 어미
-AR 동사
- • Habl-e
- • Cant-e
- • Est-é
-ER/-IR 동사
- • Com-a
- • Viv-a
- • Teng-a
수준별 예문
Es triste que no estés.
It is sad that you are not here.
Es triste que llueva.
It is sad that it is raining.
Es triste que no comas.
It is sad that you are not eating.
Es triste que él no venga.
It is sad that he is not coming.
Es triste que no tengamos dinero.
It is sad that we don't have money.
Es triste que ellos no hablen.
It is sad that they don't speak.
Es triste que el perro esté enfermo.
It is sad that the dog is sick.
Es triste que no podamos ir.
It is sad that we cannot go.
Es triste que la situación sea tan difícil.
It is sad that the situation is so difficult.
Me entristece que no hayas venido.
It saddens me that you didn't come.
Es una pena que no sepas la verdad.
It is a pity that you don't know the truth.
Es triste que el gobierno no haga nada.
It is sad that the government does nothing.
Es triste que, a pesar de los esfuerzos, el resultado sea negativo.
It is sad that, despite the efforts, the result is negative.
Es una lástima que no se hayan considerado todas las opciones.
It is a pity that not all options were considered.
Me entristece profundamente que la gente ignore este problema.
It deeply saddens me that people ignore this problem.
Es triste que no se pueda encontrar una solución pacífica.
It is sad that a peaceful solution cannot be found.
Es triste que, habiendo tenido tantas oportunidades, no hayan logrado el éxito.
It is sad that, having had so many opportunities, they haven't achieved success.
Resulta triste que la sociedad contemporánea valore tanto lo superficial.
It is sad that contemporary society values the superficial so much.
Es una pena que no se hubieran tomado medidas antes.
It is a pity that measures hadn't been taken sooner.
Me entristece que se pierda tanto patrimonio cultural.
It saddens me that so much cultural heritage is lost.
Es triste que, por más que intentemos, la brecha generacional persista.
It is sad that, no matter how much we try, the generational gap persists.
Es una lástima que el destino haya querido que nos separáramos así.
It is a pity that fate willed that we separate like this.
Resulta profundamente triste que el ser humano no aprenda de sus errores pasados.
It is deeply sad that human beings do not learn from their past mistakes.
Es triste que, aun siendo conscientes del peligro, no se actúe en consecuencia.
It is sad that, even being aware of the danger, one does not act accordingly.
혼동하기 쉬운
Learners mix up belief (indicative) and emotion (subjunctive).
Learners use the subjunctive when the subject is the same.
Both use 'Es... que', but one is objective and one is subjective.
자주 하는 실수
Es triste que él viene.
Es triste que él venga.
Es triste que yo estoy triste.
Estoy triste.
Es triste que él no venir.
Es triste que él no venga.
Es triste él venga.
Es triste que él venga.
Es triste que ellos no hablan.
Es triste que ellos no hablen.
Es triste que nosotros podemos ir.
Es triste que nosotros podamos ir.
Es triste que ella no sabe.
Es triste que ella no sepa.
Es triste que él ha venido.
Es triste que él haya venido.
Es triste que no me gusta.
Es triste que no me guste.
Es triste que ellos no han hecho.
Es triste que ellos no hayan hecho.
Es triste que él vendría.
Es triste que él viniera.
Es triste que él no ha ido.
Es triste que él no hubiera ido.
Es triste que él no es feliz.
Es triste que él no sea feliz.
문장 패턴
Es triste que ___ ___.
Me entristece que ___ ___.
Es una pena que ___ ___.
Resulta triste que ___ ___.
Real World Usage
Es triste que cierren este parque.
Fue triste que el proyecto no saliera bien.
Es triste que no vengas :(
Es una pena que no tengamos más tiempo.
Es triste que no tengan mi plato favorito.
Es triste que la investigación no haya dado resultados.
연결 다리 'que'
Es triste que no estés aquí.
주어가 같을 때는?
Siento tener que irme.
반대로 생각하기!
Es una pena que coma poco.
Smart Tips
Think 'Emotion = Subjunctive'.
Check if the first verb is an emotion.
Use the infinitive if the subject is the same.
Use 'Es lamentable que' for a more formal tone.
발음
Subjunctive endings
Ensure the final vowel is clear and stressed correctly.
Emotional drop
Es triste que... (low pitch) ...venga (falling pitch)
Conveys genuine sadness.
암기하기
기억법
Sadness is a feeling, feelings are subjective, subjective needs the subjunctive.
시각적 연상
Imagine a rain cloud over a person. The cloud represents the emotion ('Es triste que'), and the rain drops are the subjunctive verbs falling down.
Rhyme
When you feel sad or a pity to see, use the subjunctive for the verb that will be.
Story
Maria is sad. She says: 'Es triste que mi gato no coma'. Her friend replies: 'Es triste que no tenga hambre'. They both use the subjunctive because they are sharing a feeling about the cat.
Word Web
챌린지
Write 5 sentences about things that make you sad using 'Es triste que' + subjunctive in 5 minutes.
문화 노트
People often use 'Es una pena' more than 'Es triste'.
The use of 'Qué triste que' is very common in casual speech.
The use of 'Qué bajón' is a common slang way to express sadness.
The subjunctive mood comes from the Latin 'subjunctivus', meaning 'subjoined' or 'added'.
대화 시작하기
¿Qué te parece triste de la situación actual?
¿Hay algo que te entristezca de tu trabajo?
¿Te parece una pena que no podamos viajar más?
¿Qué es lo más triste que has visto últimamente?
일기 주제
자주 하는 실수
Test Yourself
Es triste que Juan no ___ saludable.
슬픔을 표현하는 올바른 문장은?
Find and fix the mistake:
Es una pena que nosotros no trabajamos hoy.
Score: /3
연습 문제
8 exercisesEs triste que él no (venir) a la fiesta.
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
Es triste que ellos no hablan español.
Es triste que tú (comer) poco.
Do you use the subjunctive after 'Es triste que'?
A: No puedo ir. B: ____.
Order: que / triste / él / es / venga.
Es triste que ellos no (hacer) nada.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercisesMe da pena que ella no ___ conmigo.
Es triste que el viaje ___ tan largo.
Me pone triste que tú no estás aquí.
네가(tú) 시간이 없다니 아쉽다.
triste / que / Es / no / vivas / aquí
알맞은 의미를 연결하세요:
Siento mucho que tu gato ___ enfermo.
Es una pena que ellos no ___ español.
Me da tristeza que no podemos ir.
비가 와서 슬퍼요.
Score: /10
자주 묻는 질문 (8)
Because emotions are subjective, not objective facts.
No, that would be grammatically incorrect.
Use the infinitive: 'Estoy triste de ir'.
Yes, it triggers the subjunctive too.
Yes, use the imperfect subjunctive.
It is used in all registers.
That takes the indicative.
Extremely common in daily speech.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
C'est triste que + subjonctif
The conjugation patterns differ.
Es ist traurig, dass...
German does not use a mood shift for emotions.
〜のが悲しい
Japanese lacks a subjunctive mood.
من المحزن أن...
The trigger particles are different.
很遗憾...
Chinese relies on context and particles.
It is sad that...
English has almost lost the subjunctive.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
관련 동영상
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