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凍てつく

B1 verb #7,500 가장 일반적인 8분 분량

凍てつく

itetsuku 상위 7,500

연습하기 예시 노트와 팁 凍てつく 30초 만에

설명 凍てつく in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to use 'itetsuku' yourself, but you might see it in picture books or stories about winter. Think of it as a 'super cold' version of 'samui' (cold). It's like when the ground is so cold it turns into hard ice. In English, we might say 'frozen' or 'icy'. Just remember: 'samui' is for how you feel, and 'itetsuku' is for how the world looks in winter. It's a special word for the coldest days of the year when everything is white and still.

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At the A2 level, you can start to recognize 'itetsuku' as a word used in descriptions of nature. You might encounter it in simple weather news or short stories. It is an intransitive verb, which means it describes a state. For example, 'Itetsuku michi' means 'a frozen road'. It's more descriptive than 'kooru' (to freeze). While 'kooru' is about water becoming ice, 'itetsuku' is about the whole atmosphere feeling frozen. You can use it to make your writing about winter sound more interesting.

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At the B1 level, you should understand the nuance of 'itetsuku' compared to 'kooru' and 'kogoeru'. 'Itetsuku' is often used in the form 'itetsuku you na' (as if freezing) to describe things like wind or a person's expression. It's a B1 word because it moves beyond literal meanings into metaphorical ones. For example, a 'freezing gaze' (itetsuku you na shisen) means someone is looking at you very coldly. You should be able to use this word in essays about nature or when describing intense emotional scenes in a story.

At the B2 level, you are expected to use 'itetsuku' to add literary flair to your Japanese. It is a 'Godan' verb, so you should be comfortable with its conjugations (itetsuku, itetsuita, itetsukanai). You will see it frequently in novels and high-level journalism. It captures the 'stillness' of extreme cold. B2 learners should also be aware of its common collocations, such as 'itetsuku daichi' (frozen earth) or 'itetsuku kuuki' (freezing air). It is a key word for expressing the 'harshness' of the Japanese winter, especially in literature.

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At the C1 level, 'itetsuku' becomes a tool for nuanced expression. You should recognize its use in classical-style modern literature and its role as a 'kigo' (seasonal word) in haiku and poetry (though the exact form might vary). You should also understand its use in psychological descriptions, where 'itetsuku' represents a state of trauma, shock, or emotional paralysis. A C1 learner understands that 'itetsuku' is not just about temperature, but about the cessation of life and movement. You can distinguish between 'itetsuita' (a state that has been reached) and 'itetsuku' (the ongoing condition).

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At the C2 level, you have a masterly command of 'itetsuku' and its historical roots. You understand how it derives from the ancient verb 'itu' and how its usage has evolved from purely physical descriptions to the complex metaphorical applications found in Meiji and Taisho era literature. You can appreciate the phonological 'sharpness' of the word—starting with the high 'i' and ending with the hard 'ku'—which mimics the sound of cracking ice. You use it with precision in creative writing to evoke specific atmospheres of dread, purity, or absolute stillness, and you can analyze its impact in the works of authors like Kawabata Yasunari.

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연습하기 예시 노트와 팁

凍てつく 30초 만에

Itetsuku means 'to freeze solid' and describes extreme winter cold.
It is more literary and evocative than the common verb 'kooru'.
It can describe physical landscapes or metaphorical coldness in people.
It is an intransitive Godan verb often used as a noun modifier.

The Japanese verb 凍てつく (itetsuku) is a powerful, evocative term that goes far beyond the simple concept of being cold. While the common word 寒いsamui describes a subjective feeling of coldness, and 凍るkooru describes the physical state of water turning to ice, itetsuku captures the atmospheric and visceral sensation of extreme freezing. It describes a cold so intense that it feels as though the very air, the ground, and even one's soul have been gripped and hardened by frost. It is most frequently used to describe landscapes, the morning air in mid-winter, or metaphorical situations involving cold emotions.

Literal Usage: Used to describe the earth (daichi), the wind (kaze), or the atmosphere (kuuki) when they are completely frozen over. It implies a stillness and a harshness that is characteristic of peak winter.

凍てつくような北風が、私たちの頬を刺した。
(The freezing-cold north wind pierced our cheeks.)

In literary contexts, this word is a favorite of authors seeking to create a bleak or majestic winter setting. It evokes the image of silver-white frost covering everything, where no movement is possible. It is often found in the phrase 凍てつくitetsuku 大地daichi (the frozen earth), which suggests a ground so hard that nothing can grow or penetrate it. This word belongs to the Godan verb category, following the standard conjugation patterns for verbs ending in '-ku'.

Metaphorical Usage: It can describe a person's expression or the atmosphere in a room. A 'frozen' smile or a 'freezing' silence indicates a complete lack of warmth, friendliness, or movement due to shock or hostility.

彼女の凍てつくような視線に、誰も口を開けなかった。
(Under her freezing gaze, no one could open their mouth.)

The word carries a nuance of 'immobility'. When something is itetsuita (past tense), it is stuck in time and temperature. This makes it a popular choice in fantasy media—think of 'Ice Magic' that freezes enemies solid. In video games like Dragon Quest or Final Fantasy, spells that freeze the ground or the air often use this verb to emphasize the magnitude of the cold.

Grammatical Nuance: It is an intransitive verb. You don't 'itetsuku' something; rather, the thing itself 'itetsuku' (becomes frozen). To say you froze something, you would use 'kooraseru'.

凍てつく夜の静寂。
(The silence of a freezing night.)

Using 凍てつく correctly requires understanding its role as a descriptive verb. While it can function as a predicate at the end of a sentence, it is most commonly seen as an adjective-like modifier in the form 凍てつくような (like freezing) or 凍てついた (frozen). This section explores the various syntactic structures where this word shines.

As a Direct Modifier: Place it directly before a noun to describe a state. This is the most common literary usage.

凍てつく道を慎重に歩いた。
(I walked carefully on the freezing road.)

When you use the form 凍てつくような (itetsuku you na), you are creating a simile. This is used when the cold is so severe it 'feels as if' things are freezing solid, even if they aren't literally turning into ice blocks. This is perfect for describing the wind or a person's behavior.

In the Predicate Position: Though less common in daily speech, you can end a sentence with it to emphasize the process or the state.

冬の夜、すべてが凍てつく。
(On winter nights, everything freezes solid.)

The word is also used in compound expressions. For example, 凍てつくitetsuku 波動hadou (Freezing Wave) is a famous skill in Japanese RPGs. In these contexts, it signifies an elemental power that nullifies or stops the target. This reinforces the idea that 'itetsuku' is about stopping motion through cold.

With Abstract Nouns: You can use it with words like 'kokoro' (heart) or 'kankei' (relationship) to describe a complete lack of emotional warmth.

二人の関係は凍てついたままだ。
(The relationship between the two remains frozen.)

Notice that in the sentence above, 'itetsuita mama' implies a state that has persisted over time. This highlights the durative nature of the verb—once something is 'itetsuku', it stays that way until a significant change (like spring or a warm gesture) occurs.

In modern Japan, you won't hear 凍てつく in a casual conversation about the office being a bit chilly. Instead, it occupies specific niches in media, literature, and formal descriptions. Understanding these contexts will help you recognize its 'flavor'.

News and Weather Reports: During record-breaking cold snaps, news anchors might use this word to describe the severity of the weather, especially in northern prefectures like Aomori or Hokkaido.

今朝は凍てつくような寒さとなりました。
(This morning brought a freezing, biting cold.)

In Anime and Manga, this word is ubiquitous whenever a character has ice-based powers. It sounds much cooler and more menacing than 'kooru'. A villain might have a '凍てつく心' (frozen heart) or perform a '凍てつく吐息' (freezing breath) attack. This has made the word very familiar to younger generations, even if they don't use it in their own daily speech.

Literature and Poetry: Classical and modern novels use this word to set a somber or intense mood. It is a 'kigo' (season word) adjacent term, strongly associated with mid-winter (daikan).

凍てつく星空が、村を静かに見下ろしていた。
(The freezing, starry sky looked down silently upon the village.)

You may also encounter it in Song Lyrics. Ballads about heartbreak often compare the loneliness of a lost love to a '凍てつく夜' (freezing night). The cold here represents the inability to feel warmth or hope. Because the word has four morae (i-te-tsu-ku), it fits well into the rhythmic structures of Japanese poetry and song.

Historical Dramas (Jidaigeki): Characters in historical settings use more formal and descriptive language. A samurai describing a harsh winter march would likely use 'itetsuku' to convey the life-threatening cold of the era before modern heating.

Learners often confuse 凍てつく with other 'cold' words. Because Japanese has many specific terms for temperature, using the wrong one can sound unnatural or even confusing. Here are the most common pitfalls.

Mistake 1: Using it for Mild Cold: Don't use 'itetsuku' if you just need a jacket. It implies extreme, bone-chilling cold. For a normal winter day, stick to 'samui'.

❌ 部屋が凍てつく。(The room is freezing.)
✅ 部屋が冷え切っている。(The room is chilled through.)

The word 'itetsuku' is usually reserved for the outdoors or metaphorical states. Using it for a room sounds like you are living in an ice cave.

Mistake 2: Confusing with 'Kogoeru': 'Kogoeru' (凍える) is what happens to *living things* (people, hands, birds). 'Itetsuku' is what happens to the *environment*.

❌ 手が凍てついた。(My hands froze solid - sounds like they are stone.)
✅ 手が凍えた。(My hands are frozen/numb from cold.)

If you say your hands 'itetsuita', it sounds like they have literally turned into ice sculptures. Use 'kogoeru' to express that you are physically suffering from the cold.

Mistake 3: Incorrect Transitivity: Some learners try to use it as an object-taking verb. Remember, it is intransitive.

❌ 魔法で敵を凍てつく。(Freeze the enemy with magic.)
✅ 魔法で敵を凍らせる。(Freeze the enemy with magic - causative of kooru.)

To master 凍てつく, you must know its neighbors. Japanese has a rich vocabulary for 'cold' that varies by intensity and object. Below is a comparison to help you choose the right word for the right moment.

凍てつく (Itetsuku) vs. 凍る (Kooru): 凍る is the general, scientific term for freezing (water to ice). 凍てつく is descriptive and atmospheric. You say 'Mizu ga kootta' (The water froze), but 'Itetsuku daichi' (The freezing earth).

凍てつく (Itetsuku) vs. 凍える (Kogoeru): 凍える is used for living beings. If you are outside without a coat, you are 'kogoeru'. If the ground is frozen hard, it is 'itetsuku'.

凍てつく (Itetsuku) vs. 沁みる (Shimiru): 沁みる means 'to pierce' or 'to soak in'. It is used for cold that 'stings' the skin (kaze ga mi ni shimiru). 'Itetsuku' is about the state of the environment, while 'shimiru' is about the sensation of the cold entering the body.

Comparison Example:
1. 凍る湖 (A lake that is frozen - simple fact).
2. 凍てつく湖 (A freezing/icy lake - emphasizes the harsh atmosphere).
3. 凍える人 (A freezing person - they are cold).

Another alternative is 極寒 (gokkan), which is a noun meaning 'extreme cold'. You might say 'Gokkan no chi' (A land of extreme cold) instead of 'Itetsuku chi'. 'Gokkan' sounds more like a geographical or climatic classification, whereas 'itetsuku' is more sensory and poetic.

How Formal Is It?

재미있는 사실

The 'ite' part is shared with 'ite-zora' (freezing sky), a common word in classical Japanese poetry to describe the clear, cold winter nights.

발음 가이드

UK /i.te.tsu.ku/

US /i.te.tsu.ku/

Heiban (Flat) pitch accent: [i-te-tsu-ku]. The pitch stays relatively level throughout the word.

라임이 맞는 단어

Kooru (roughly in vowel sequence) Aruku T叩く (tataku) Kiku Saku Aku Tsuku Haku

자주 하는 실수

Pronouncing 'tsu' as 'su' (common for English speakers).
Over-emphasizing the final 'u'.
Pronouncing 'te' as 'tay' (with a diphthong).
Confusing the pitch accent with 'itetsukaseru' (causative).
Failing to devoice the final 'u' in casual speech.

난이도

독해 3/5

The Kanji is common but the nuance is specific to literature.

쓰기 4/5

Writing the Kanji '凍' and 'つく' is easy, but using it naturally requires practice.

말하기 3/5

Easy to pronounce, but often replaced by 'samui' in daily life.

듣기 3/5

Common in anime and weather reports.

다음에 무엇을 배울까

선수 학습

寒い (samui) 冷たい (tsumetai) 凍る (kooru) 冬 (fuyu) 氷 (koori)

다음에 배울 것

凍える (kogoeru) 氷結 (hyouketsu) 霜 (shimo) 極寒 (gokkan) 吹雪 (fubuki)

고급

凛冽 (rinretsu) 酷寒 (kokkan) 氷点下 (hyoutenka) 霧氷 (muhyou) 樹氷 (juhyou)

알아야 할 문법

Godan Verb Conjugation

凍てつく -> 凍てついた (Past), 凍てつかない (Negative)

Noun Modification with Verbs

凍てつく大地 (The freezing earth)

Similes with ～ような

凍てつくような寒さ (Cold like it's freezing)

State of being with ～ている

道が凍てついている (The road is frozen)

Adverbial form ～ように

凍てつくように冷たい (Freezing-ly cold)

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수준별 예문

冬の朝、道が凍てつく。

On winter mornings, the road freezes solid.

Simple present tense usage.

凍てつく風が吹く。

A freezing wind blows.

Modifier usage before a noun.

山は凍てついている。

The mountain is frozen.

-te iru form showing state.

凍てつく夜は寒いです。

Freezing nights are cold.

Using 'itetsuku' as an adjective.

池が凍てつく。

The pond freezes over.

Direct verb usage.

凍てつく大地を歩く。

Walk on the frozen earth.

Common collocation 'daichi'.

空気が凍てつく。

The air is freezing.

Describing the atmosphere.

凍てつく冬が来た。

The freezing winter has come.

Perfective aspect.

凍てつくような寒さですね。

It's a freezing kind of cold, isn't it?

Using 'you na' for comparison.

凍てついた湖でスケートをする。

Skate on a frozen lake.

Past tense used as a modifier.

昨夜はすべてが凍てついた。

Last night, everything froze solid.

Past tense verb.

凍てつく朝は、車が動きにくい。

On freezing mornings, cars are hard to start.

Describing a recurring situation.

窓ガラスが凍てついている。

The window glass is frozen over.

State of being.

凍てつく森の中を走る。

Run through the freezing forest.

Locative particle 'o'.

凍てつく空に星が光る。

Stars shine in the freezing sky.

Literary description.

手が凍てつくほど冷たい。

My hands are so cold they feel frozen.

'Hodo' indicating degree.

彼の凍てつくような視線に驚いた。

I was surprised by his freezing gaze.

Metaphorical usage for expression.

凍てついた心を溶かしてほしい。

I want you to melt my frozen heart.

Metaphorical usage for emotions.

そのニュースを聞いて、場が凍てついた。

The atmosphere froze upon hearing that news.

Metaphorical usage for social atmosphere.

凍てつく夜の静寂が心地よい。

The silence of the freezing night is pleasant.

Noun modification.

北国の冬は、大地が芯まで凍てつく。

In the northern winters, the earth freezes to its core.

Emphasizing depth with 'shin made'.

凍てつくような北風が吹き荒れる。

A freezing north wind blows violently.

Compound verb 'fukiareru'.

二人の仲は、あの日から凍てついたままだ。

Their relationship has remained frozen since that day.

'Mama' indicating an unchanging state.

凍てつく寒さの中、行列に並んだ。

I stood in line amidst the freezing cold.

Setting the scene with 'naka'.

凍てつく波動が、冒険者たちの行く手を阻んだ。

A freezing wave blocked the adventurers' path.

Fantasy/Gaming register.

凍てつく月影が、雪原を青白く照らしている。

The freezing moonlight illuminates the snowfield in pale blue.

Poetic, descriptive language.

交渉は凍てついた状態が続いている。

The negotiations continue to be in a frozen state.

Abstract usage in business/politics.

凍てつくような沈黙が、部屋を支配した。

A freezing silence dominated the room.

Personification of silence.

凍てつく冬の朝、滝が氷の彫刻のようになった。

On a freezing winter morning, the waterfall became like an ice sculpture.

Describing natural phenomena.

彼の言葉は、凍てつくように冷たかった。

His words were as cold as if they were freezing.

Adverbial usage with 'you ni'.

凍てついた窓を開けると、鋭い空気が流れ込んだ。

Opening the frozen window, sharp air flowed in.

Sequential actions with 'to'.

凍てつく大地に、春の兆しはまだ見えない。

On the freezing earth, signs of spring are not yet visible.

Contrastive structure.

凍てつく情景を描写する筆致が、この作家の特徴だ。

The brushwork portraying freezing scenes is a characteristic of this author.

Literary analysis.

凍てついた記憶の断片が、不意に蘇る。

Fragments of frozen memories suddenly resurface.

Psychological/Metaphorical usage.

凍てつくような孤独感に、身が震える。

I tremble at the freezing sense of loneliness.

Expressing internal states.

厳冬の候、大地はことごとく凍てつく。

In the season of severe winter, the earth freezes entirely.

Formal/Epistolary style.

凍てつく星空の下、彼は永遠を誓った。

Under the freezing starry sky, he swore eternity.

Romantic literary usage.

社会の凍てついた構造を打破するのは容易ではない。

Breaking down the frozen structures of society is not easy.

Sociopolitical metaphor.

凍てつくような美しさを湛えた、氷の女王。

An ice queen brimming with a freezing beauty.

Character description.

凍てつく空気に包まれ、思考が停止する。

Wrapped in freezing air, my thoughts come to a halt.

Passive voice 'tsutsumare'.

万象が凍てつく極北の地では、生と死の境界が曖昧になる。

In the far north where all things freeze, the boundary between life and death becomes blurred.

Philosophical/C2 level complexity.

凍てつくような峻烈な批判が、若き芸術家を打ちのめした。

The freezing, severe criticism devastated the young artist.

Highly formal/literary 'shunretsu'.

凍てついた沈黙の深層に、秘められた真実が眠っている。

In the deep layers of frozen silence, a hidden truth lies dormant.

Metaphorical depth.

凍てつく風に抗いながら、一行は峠越えを敢行した。

While resisting the freezing wind, the group braved the mountain pass.

Historical narrative style.

その旋律は、聴衆の魂を凍てつかせるほどの透明感を持っていた。

The melody possessed a transparency that almost froze the souls of the audience.

Causative-like nuance in description.

凍てつく夜の帳が下りると、森は異界の様相を呈する。

When the veil of the freezing night falls, the forest takes on the appearance of another world.

Advanced literary 'tobari ga oriru'.

凍てついた関係を修復するには、長い歳月が必要であろう。

To repair the frozen relationship, many years will likely be required.

Formal conjecture 'dearou'.

凍てつく冬の厳しさが、かえって春の訪れを鮮烈なものにする。

The severity of the freezing winter, on the contrary, makes the arrival of spring all the more vivid.

Counter-intuitive logic 'kaette'.

자주 쓰는 조합

凍てつく大地

凍てつくような寒さ

凍てつく夜

凍てつく視線

凍てつく空気

凍てつく波動

凍てつく道

凍てつく朝

凍てつく心

凍てつく冬

자주 쓰는 구문

凍てつくような

— As if freezing. Used to describe things that feel extremely cold.

凍てつくような冷たい水。

凍てついたまま

— Remaining frozen. Used for states that haven't changed.

時計の針が凍てついたままだ。

凍てつく思い

— A freezing feeling. Used for extreme shock or fear.

その光景に、凍てつく思いがした。

凍てつく星空

— A freezing starry sky. A common poetic image.

凍てつく星空を仰ぎ見る。

凍てつく吐息

— Freezing breath. Often used in fantasy attacks.

ドラゴンが凍てつく吐息を吐いた。

凍てつく静寂

— Freezing silence. Describes a very quiet, cold scene.

森には凍てつく静寂が広がっていた。

凍てつく北風

— Freezing north wind. A symbol of winter's arrival.

凍てつく北風が窓を叩く。

凍てつく月

— Freezing moon. Describes a moon that looks cold and sharp.

凍てつく月が中天に掛かっている。

凍てつく窓

— Freezing window. Usually refers to frost on the glass.

凍てつく窓を指でなぞる。

凍てつく指先

— Freezing fingertips. Describes physical coldness.

凍てつく指先を温める。

자주 혼동되는 단어

凍てつく vs 凍る (kooru)

Kooru is for the physical act of freezing (water to ice). Itetsuku is for the atmosphere or state of the environment.

凍てつく vs 凍える (kogoeru)

Kogoeru is for living beings feeling cold. Itetsuku is for the environment or inanimate objects.

凍てつく vs 冷える (hieru)

Hieru means to get chilled. It is much less intense than itetsuku.

관용어 및 표현

"場が凍てつく"

— The atmosphere in a place becomes suddenly cold or tense due to someone's words or actions.

冗談が滑って、一瞬で場が凍てついた。

Neutral

"凍てつくような沈黙"

— A silence so heavy and cold that it feels as if everything has stopped.

二人の間には、凍てつくような沈黙が流れた。

Literary

"凍てついた微笑"

— A smile that lacks warmth; a forced or cold-hearted smile.

彼女は凍てついた微笑を浮かべて去った。

Literary

"凍てつく大地に春を待つ"

— To endure a harsh and difficult situation while waiting for a better time to arrive.

今は苦しいが、凍てつく大地に春を待つ心境だ。

Poetic

"凍てつく波動を放つ"

— Metaphorically, to radiate an aura that stops others or clears away positive energy.

部長の凍てつく波動に、誰も逆らえない。

Informal/Slang

"凍てついた記憶"

— Memories that one has suppressed or that have remained unchanged for a long time.

凍てついた記憶が、冬の海を見て呼び覚まされた。

Literary

"凍てつく空に叫ぶ"

— To express deep frustration or emotion in a bleak, uncaring environment.

彼は凍てつく空に向かって叫んだが、返事はなかった。

Literary

"凍てつく道を切り拓く"

— To forge a path through extremely difficult and harsh circumstances.

先駆者たちは凍てつく道を切り拓いてきた。

Formal

"凍てつくような殺気"

— A murderous intent so strong it makes the surroundings feel cold.

背後から凍てつくような殺気を感じた。

Fiction/Anime

"凍てついた瞳"

— Eyes that show no emotion or warmth; cold, unfeeling eyes.

その凍てついた瞳には、何も映っていないようだった。

Literary

혼동하기 쉬운

凍てつく vs 凍りつく (kooritsuku)

Sounds similar and both mean 'to freeze'.

Kooritsuku means to freeze and stick to something, or to freeze in fear. Itetsuku is about the general state of extreme cold.

地面が凍りつく (The ground freezes and things stick to it) vs 大地が凍てつく (The whole earth is frozen hard).

凍てつく vs 沁みる (shimiru)

Both describe intense cold.

Shimiru is the 'stinging' sensation of cold. Itetsuku is the 'frozen' state of the environment.

寒さが身に沁みる (The cold stings my body).

凍てつく vs 凍て返る (itekaeru)

Both use the 'ite' root.

Itekaeru means to freeze again after a slight thaw, or to be intensely frozen in mid-winter. It is more specialized/literary.

凍て返る朝。

凍てつく vs 冷え込む (hiekomu)

Both describe winter cold.

Hiekomu describes the temperature dropping significantly. Itetsuku describes the result of that drop (freezing solid).

今朝は冷え込んだ。(It got very cold this morning.)

凍てつく vs 氷結 (hyouketsu)

Both mean 'freezing'.

Hyouketsu is a formal/technical noun or suru-verb. Itetsuku is a descriptive native verb.

路面が氷結する。(The road surface freezes - formal report).

문장 패턴

[Place]は[Season]になると凍てつく。

この村は冬になると凍てつく。

凍てつくような[Noun]。

凍てつくような北風。

[Action]によって場が凍てついた。

彼の失言によって場が凍てついた。

凍てついた[Noun]を[Verb]。

凍てついた心を溶かす。

凍てつく[Noun]の下で[Action]。

凍てつく星空の下で祈る。

～が芯まで凍てつく。

大地が芯まで凍てつく。

凍てつく[Noun]の帳が下りる。

凍てつく夜の帳が下りる。

凍てつく[Noun]を湛える。

凍てつくような美しさを湛える。

어휘 가족

명사

凍て (ite) - The state of being frozen (rarely used alone).

동사

凍る (kooru) - To freeze.

凍える (kogoeru) - To be chilled; to freeze (living things).

凍てつかせる (itetsukaseru) - To cause to freeze (causative).

형용사

凍てついた (itetsuita) - Frozen (participial adjective).

凍てつくような (itetsuku you na) - Freezing-like.

사용법

frequency

Common in literature, anime, and news; rare in casual daily chat.

자주 하는 실수

Using 'itetsuku' for a cold drink. → 冷たい飲み物 (tsumetai nomimono)
'Itetsuku' is for extreme environmental cold, not chilled beverages.
Saying 'Watashi wa itetsuita' when feeling cold. → 凍えそうだ (kogoesou da)
'Itetsuku' is intransitive for environments; 'kogoeru' is for people's physical sensation.
Using 'itetsuku' as a transitive verb (to freeze something). → ～を凍らせる (kooraseru)
'Itetsuku' cannot take an object. You cannot 'itetsuku' the enemy.
Using 'itetsuku' for a computer crash. → フリーズした (furiizu shita)
'Itetsuku' is only for literal or poetic cold, not technology.
Confusing 'itetsuku' with 'itai' (painful). → 痛い (itai)
While cold can be painful, 'itetsuku' refers to the freezing state, not the sensation of pain itself.

팁

Think Atmospheric

Use 'itetsuku' when you want to describe the *vibe* of the cold, not just the temperature. It's about the stillness and the hardness of the world in winter.

Modifier Mastery

Remember that 'itetsuku' is most powerful as a noun modifier. 'Itetsuku [Noun]' immediately paints a vivid picture for the reader.

Social Coldness

Use 'itetsuita' to describe a conversation or relationship that has gone cold and stopped moving forward.

Fantasy Flavor

Whenever you see 'Ice' attacks in games, look for this word. It's the standard 'cool' way to say 'freezing'.

Kanji Clue

The left part of '凍' is the 'ice' radical (氷). This helps you remember it's related to freezing.

Setting the Scene

If you are writing a story, use 'itetsuku' to describe the morning air to show the reader it's the middle of a harsh winter.

Not for People

Don't say 'Watashi wa itetsuita' to mean you are cold. Say 'Kogoeta'. 'Itetsuita' makes you sound like a statue.

Vs. Kooru

'Kooru' is the action. 'Itetsuku' is the state/atmosphere. Water 'kooru', but the night 'itetsuku'.

The 'Tsu' Sound

Make sure your 'tsu' is sharp. It adds to the 'sharp and cold' feeling of the word.

Regional Use

This word is much more 'real' to people in Hokkaido than in Okinawa. Use it where it fits the climate!

암기하기

기억법

Imagine an 'Ice Tent' (I-TE) that 'Sucks' (TSU-KU) the warmth out of everything until it freezes solid.

시각적 연상

A vast, white field of cracked earth covered in silver frost under a dark blue sky.

Word Web

Winter Ice Silence Stillness Hardness Cold Gaze North Pole Frost

챌린지

Try to describe the coldest day you've ever experienced using 'itetsuku' instead of 'samui' in three sentences.

어원

Derived from the ancient Japanese verb 'itu' (to be sacred/strong/sharp) which evolved into 'ite' (freezing) and combined with the verb 'tsuku' (to attach/become).

원래 의미: To become intensely cold and rigid, like a sharp or sacred object.

Japonic / Old Japanese.

문화적 맥락

Generally safe, but avoid using it to describe people unless you intend to call them cold-hearted or shock-frozen.

Similar to the English 'bone-chilling' or 'frozen solid', but with a more poetic and singular verb form.

Dragon Quest series: 'Itetsuku Hadou' (Disruptive Wave/Freezing Wave). Kawabata Yasunari's 'Snow Country' (atmospheric descriptions). Various Enka songs about winter and heartbreak.

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

Weather Forecast

凍てつく朝
凍てつくような寒さ
路面の凍てつき
凍てつく北風

Fantasy Novels

凍てつく波動
凍てつく魔法
凍てつく心
凍てつく吐息

Social Situations

場が凍てつく
凍てつく視線
凍てつく沈黙
凍てついた微笑

Nature Description

凍てつく大地
凍てつく湖
凍てつく星空
凍てつく森

Emotional States

凍てついた記憶
凍てつく孤独
凍てつく悲しみ
凍てつく魂

대화 시작하기

"「今日は本当に凍てつくような寒さですね。」"

"「北海道の冬は、大地が凍てつくって本当ですか？」"

"「凍てつくような視線を感じたことありますか？」"

"「凍てつく夜に星を見るのは好きですか？」"

"「冗談で場が凍てついた経験はありますか？」"

일기 주제

凍てつくような冬の朝の景色を詳しく描写してください。

誰かの「凍てつくような視線」を感じた時の状況を書いてください。

「凍てついた心」を溶かすには何が必要だと思いますか？

凍てつく大地の下で、植物はどのように春を待っていると思いますか？

あなたの国で「凍てつく」という言葉が似合う場所はどこですか？

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

No, 'itetsuku' is generally not used for food or drinks. Use 'kooru' (to freeze) or 'hiyasu' (to chill). 'Itetsuku' describes the environment or a metaphorical coldness.

Not in casual conversation. You'll mostly hear it in weather reports during extreme cold, read it in books, or see it in anime/games. In daily life, people just say 'mecha samui' (super cold).

'Itetsuku' is the present/dictionary form (freezing), while 'itetsuita' is the past/perfective form (frozen). 'Itetsuita' is often used as an adjective to describe something that is already in a frozen state, like 'itetsuita mizu' (frozen water).

Yes, while you can write 'itetsuku' in hiragana, the Kanji '凍' is standard and helps distinguish it from other 'tsuku' verbs. The 'te' is written in hiragana.

Yes! This is a common metaphorical expression meaning one's heart has become cold, unfeeling, or paralyzed by shock or sadness.

It means 'a gaze as if it were freezing'. It's used to describe someone looking at you with extreme coldness, hostility, or lack of emotion.

Etymologically, no. 'Itetsuku' comes from 'itu' (sacred/rigid), while 'itami' comes from 'ita' (pain). However, the sensation of 'itetsuku' cold can certainly be painful!

It is a Godan verb ending in 'ku', so the negative is 'itetsukanai' (does not freeze).

Yes, it is a perfect word to describe the Arctic or Antarctic landscapes where the ground and air are permanently or severely frozen.

No. For a computer 'freezing' (crashing), use 'katamaru' or 'furiizu suru'.

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