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B1 adjective #4,000 가장 일반적인 10분 분량

個別的

kobetsuteki 상위 4,000

연습하기 예시 노트와 팁 個別的 30초 만에

설명 個別的 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to use '個別的' (kobetsuteki) very often. It is a big word! Instead, you usually use 'betsu-betsu' (separate) or 'hitori' (one person). For example, if you want to pay for your food separately at a restaurant, you say 'betsu-betsu ni'. 'Kobetsuteki' is a more difficult version of this. It means 'individual' or 'one-by-one.' You might see it on a sign for a school that teaches one student at a time. Just remember that 'ko' means individual, and 'betsu' means separate. It is a formal way to say something is done for one person or one thing at a time. Don't worry about using it in daily conversation yet; just try to recognize the kanji '個' and '別' when you see them together.

무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

At the A2 level, you can start to recognize '個別的' (kobetsuteki) in formal settings like school or work. It is a 'na-adjective.' This means you say '個別的な' (kobetsuteki na) before a noun. For example, '個別的なレッスン' (kobetsuteki na ressun) means an individual lesson. If you want to use it like an adverb, you say '個別的に' (kobetsuteki ni). For example, '個別的に話します' (kobetsuteki ni hanashimasu) means 'I will talk to you individually.' You will hear this word when a teacher wants to help students one-on-one. It is more polite and professional than 'betsu-betsu.' Think of it as 'case-by-case' or 'individualized.' It helps you sound more organized and respectful in a Japanese environment.

무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

At the B1 level, you should be able to use '個別的' (kobetsuteki) in business or academic contexts. This word is essential for describing specific handling or tailored services. For example, you might say, 'We need to handle these requests on a case-by-case basis' using '個別的な対応' (kobetsuteki na taiō). It is different from '個人的' (kojinteki), which means 'personal' or 'private.' 'Kobetsuteki' is more about the logical separation of items or tasks. In a meeting, if you want to suggest that a general rule shouldn't apply to everyone, you can mention '個別的な事情' (kobetsuteki na jijō - individual circumstances). This shows you understand that situations are complex and require specific attention. It is a key word for intermediate learners working in Japan.

At the B2 level, you should master the nuances of '個別的' (kobetsuteki) versus its synonyms like '個々の' (koko no) or '独自' (dokuji). 'Kobetsuteki' implies an analytical approach where you treat things as separate units. You will encounter it in legal texts, political news, and high-level business strategy. For instance, the term '個別的自衛権' (kobetsuteki jiei-ken - right of individual self-defense) is a common topic in Japanese political discourse. You should also be comfortable using it to describe data analysis, such as 'analyzing individual data points' (個別的なデータの分析). Using this word correctly elevates your register, making you sound like a professional who can handle complex, non-generalized scenarios with precision.

무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

At the C1 level, '個別的' (kobetsuteki) becomes a tool for precise philosophical or technical differentiation. You will use it in academic writing to describe 'idiographic' research methods that focus on individual cases rather than general laws. You should be able to discuss the tension between 'collective responsibility' (集団的責任) and 'individual responsibility' (個別的責任) in a legal or ethical framework. At this level, you should also understand the historical and kanji-based roots of the word, recognizing how 'teki' (的な) functions to create abstract categories. You can use it to critique policies, suggesting that they lack '個別的な配慮' (individualized consideration) for marginalized groups. Your usage should be seamless, reflecting an understanding of the word's objective, analytical tone.

무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

At the C2 level, '個別的' (kobetsuteki) is used with total native-like fluency in the most complex environments. You can navigate the subtle differences between '個別的' and '各個別々' or '各個撃破' in strategic contexts. You understand how the word functions in the 'Civil Code' or 'Constitution' to define specific rights and duties. You can use it to construct sophisticated arguments in debates about 'Individualized Medicine' (個別化医療) or 'Personalized Education.' At this stage, the word is not just a vocabulary item but a conceptual building block for discussing the structure of Japanese law, society, and science. You can also recognize its use in classical-style formal documents where the 'teki' suffix adds a layer of modern, Western-influenced logic to the traditional kanji roots.

무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

연습하기 예시 노트와 팁

個別的 30초 만에

個別的 (kobetsuteki) is a formal Japanese na-adjective meaning 'individual' or 'case-by-case.'
It is used to emphasize that something is handled as a separate unit rather than a group.
Common in business, law, and education for tailored services or specific legal cases.
Grammatically, it uses 'na' for nouns and 'ni' for adverbs (個別的な vs 個別的に).

The Japanese word 個別的 (こべつてき - kobetsuteki) is a versatile な-adjective (na-adjective) that translates to 'individual,' 'specific,' 'separate,' or 'case-by-case.' It is fundamentally composed of three kanji: 個 (ko) meaning 'individual' or 'counter for small objects,' 別 (betsu) meaning 'separate' or 'different,' and the suffix 的 (teki), which functions similarly to the English suffixes '-ic,' '-al,' or '-ive,' turning a noun into an adjective. When you use 個別的, you are emphasizing that something is being treated as a distinct unit rather than as part of a collective mass or a generalized category. This word is indispensable in formal business settings, legal discussions, and educational environments where 'one-size-fits-all' approaches are insufficient. For instance, in a corporate environment, a manager might decide to forgo a general meeting in favor of 個別的な相談 (kobetsuteki na sōdan)—individual consultations—to address the specific needs and performance of each employee. This distinction is crucial in Japanese culture, which often balances group harmony (wa) with the functional necessity of specific attention. While the Japanese society is frequently characterized as collectivist, the term 個別的 highlights the sophisticated mechanisms used to handle nuance and personal circumstances within that collective framework. It is not merely about being 'alone' (which would be 独り - hitori); it is about the analytical separation of items for the purpose of precision, care, or legal clarity.

Business Context: Used when discussing tailored services, individual contracts, or specific performance reviews that deviate from the standard company policy.

Legal Context: Refers to specific cases or individual circumstances (個別的な事情) that might warrant an exception to a general rule or law.

Educational Context: Describes personalized instruction or tutoring (個別的な指導) where a teacher adapts the curriculum to a single student's pace and ability.

政府は、各企業の状況に合わせて個別的な支援を行うことを決定した。(The government decided to provide individual support tailored to the situation of each company.)

この問題については、個別的に検討する必要があります。(Regarding this issue, it is necessary to examine it on a case-by-case basis.)

彼は全社員に対してではなく、個別的にメールを送った。(He sent emails individually, rather than to all employees.)

プライバシー保護のため、個別的なブースが用意されている。(Individual booths are provided to protect privacy.)

その法律は個別的な事案には適用されない可能性がある。(That law might not apply to individual specific cases.)

Mastering the usage of 個別的 requires understanding its grammatical role as a な-adjective. This means that when it modifies a noun directly, you must include the particle な (na). For example, 'individual guidance' becomes 個別的な指導 (kobetsuteki na shidō). If you are using it to describe the manner in which an action is carried out—acting as an adverb—you replace な with に (ni). Thus, 'to deal with something individually' is 個別的に対応する (kobetsuteki ni taiō suru). Understanding this distinction is the first step toward natural-sounding Japanese. Beyond the basic grammar, the word carries a weight of professional precision. It is often paired with nouns like 事情 (jijō - circumstances), 対応 (taiō - response/handling), 判断 (handan - judgment), and 契約 (keiyaku - contract). In these pairings, it signals that the subject is not being generalized. For instance, in a medical context, a doctor might discuss 個別的な治療計画 (kobetsuteki na chiryō keikaku), which refers to a treatment plan tailored specifically to one patient’s unique physiology and history. This level of specificity is highly valued in Japanese professional etiquette, as it shows attention to detail and respect for the unique nature of the situation at hand. Furthermore, when debating or discussing abstract concepts, 個別的 is used to pivot from a general theory to concrete, specific examples. You might hear a professor say, 'While the general trend is X, let us look at 個別的な事例 (kobetsuteki na jirei)—specific cases.' This transition from the macro to the micro is a hallmark of logical Japanese discourse. It is also important to note that 個別的 often implies a sense of fairness; by treating items individually, one ensures that the unique constraints of each item are respected, rather than forcing a uniform standard that might be unfair to some.

Direct Modification: [Noun] + な + [Noun]: 個別的な理由 (Individual reason).

Adverbial Use: [Noun] + に + [Verb]: 個別的に説明する (Explain individually).

Predicate Use: [Subject] + は + 個別的だ: このケースは非常に個別的だ (This case is very specific/individual).

各々の学生に対して、個別的なカリキュラムを作成しました。(We created individual curriculums for each student.)

その問題は、全体としてではなく個別的に解決すべきだ。(That problem should be solved individually, not as a whole.)

面談は個別的に行われるため、他人に聞かれる心配はありません。(Since interviews are conducted individually, there is no worry about being overheard by others.)

このソフトウェアは、ユーザーの個別的な設定を保存できます。(This software can save the user's individual settings.)

裁判官は個別的な証拠を慎重に検討した。(The judge carefully examined the individual pieces of evidence.)

In contemporary Japan, you will encounter 個別的 most frequently in bureaucratic, legal, and formal service contexts. If you are watching the news (NHK, for example), you might hear government spokespeople talking about 個別的自衛権 (kobetsuteki jiei-ken), which is the 'right of individual self-defense.' This is a high-level political and legal term that distinguishes a nation's right to defend itself from 'collective self-defense' (集団的自衛権 - shūdanteki jiei-ken). This demonstrates how the word is used to define boundaries of responsibility and action. In the world of finance and insurance, agents will often tell clients that premiums are determined based on 個別的なリスク評価 (kobetsuteki na risuku hyōka)—individual risk assessments. This tells the customer that their price isn't just a flat rate but is calculated based on their specific data. If you are a student in Japan, you will see 個別指導 (kobetsu shidō) signs on 'juku' (cram schools) everywhere. While 'kobetsu' is the noun form, the adjectival 個別的 appears in the promotional materials to describe the 'individualized nature' of their teaching philosophy. In the tech industry, developers use it when discussing 'individual instances' of an object or customized user experiences. It is also common in psychological or sociological research papers to discuss 個別的な差異 (kobetsuteki na sai)—individual differences—among subjects. Unlike more casual words for 'separate,' 個別的 carries an air of objective analysis. It suggests that the separation is being done for a specific, often professional, purpose. You won't usually hear it at a dinner table among friends unless they are discussing something serious like a legal case or a complex work problem. Instead, it is the language of the office, the courtroom, the clinic, and the classroom. Using it correctly signals to native speakers that you have reached a level of Japanese proficiency where you can handle nuanced, formal distinctions.

News & Politics: Frequent in discussions about rights, laws, and government policies targeting specific groups or individuals.

Customer Service: Used to describe 'concierge' or 'tailored' services that go beyond the standard offering.

Medical/Scientific: Used in research and diagnosis to focus on specific data points or individual patient needs.

ニュース：首相は個別的自衛権の重要性を強調した。(News: The Prime Minister emphasized the importance of the right of individual self-defense.)

契約書には、個別的な合意事項が含まれています。(The contract includes individual points of agreement.)

心理学の研究では、個別的な反応を分析することが重要です。(In psychology research, analyzing individual reactions is important.)

One of the most common mistakes learners make with 個別的 is confusing it with other words that also mean 'individual' or 'special.' For example, many students use 個人的 (kojinteki) interchangeably with 個別的. However, 個人的 specifically refers to 'personal' or 'private' matters—things that belong to a person's inner life or private self (e.g., 個人的な意見 - kojinteki na iken, 'personal opinion'). In contrast, 個別的 refers to the 'separateness' of units in a system. You wouldn't say 'this is my individual (個別的) opinion' because opinion is a personal attribute, not a unit in a series being handled separately. Another common error is using 別々 (betsu-betsu) in formal writing. While 別々に払う (betsu-betsu ni harau) means 'to pay separately' at a restaurant, it sounds too colloquial for a legal document or a business strategy report. In those cases, you should use 個別的に (kobetsuteki ni). Furthermore, learners sometimes forget that 個別的 is a な-adjective and try to use it like a noun without the proper particles. You cannot say '個別的対応' without the 'na' or 'no' in most standard contexts, although in technical compound nouns, the 'na' might be dropped (e.g., 個別対応). However, for a learner, sticking to 個別的な対応 is safer and more grammatically sound. Another nuance to watch out for is the difference between 個別的 and 独自 (dokuji). 独自 means 'unique' or 'original' (like a unique technology), whereas 個別的 just means 'separate' or 'specific to that one.' A process can be 個別的 (handled separately) without being 独自 (unique or original). Misusing these can lead to confusion about whether you are praising something for its originality or simply stating that it is being handled one-by-one. Finally, avoid using 個別的 for physical separation in space, like 'separate rooms.' For that, 個室 (koshitsu) or 別の部屋 (betsu no heya) is appropriate. 個別的 is more about the 'manner of treatment' or 'logical categorization' than physical distance.

Mistake: 個別的 vs 個人的: Use 個人的 for 'personal/private' and 個別的 for 'specific unit/case-by-case.'

Mistake: 個別的 vs 独自: Use 独自 for 'original/unique' and 個別的 for 'separate/individualized.'

❌ 個別的な意見ですが... (Wrong: It sounds like 'itemized opinion')
✅ 個人的な意見ですが... (Right: 'In my personal opinion...')

❌ 彼は個別的な部屋に住んでいる。(Wrong: Sounds like a 'separate-unit room')
✅ 彼は個室に住んでいる。(Right: 'He lives in a private room.')

To truly master 個別的, you must see how it sits among its synonyms. Each word has a slightly different 'flavor' or register. Let's compare them to understand when to choose one over the other. The most direct relative is 個々の (koko no). While 個別的 is an adjective describing the nature of something being individual, 個々の is more like 'each and every' or 'various individual.' For example, 個々の事例 (koko no jirei) means 'each individual case,' focusing on the plurality of cases. 個別的 emphasizes the *method* of dealing with them. Then there is 特殊 (tokushu), which means 'special' or 'peculiar.' You use 特殊 when something is an outlier or doesn't follow the norm. 個別的 doesn't necessarily mean something is an outlier; it just means it's being handled one-by-one. Another alternative is 具体的 (kutaiteki), meaning 'concrete' or 'specific.' If you want someone to give you more details, you ask for a 具体的な説明 (kutaiteki na setsumei). While 個別的 can sometimes imply specificity, its core meaning is 'individualized.' If you are at a restaurant and want separate checks, you say 別々に (betsu-betsu ni). Using 個別的に in a casual restaurant would sound strangely like you are initiating a legal proceeding! Lastly, 各個 (kakko) is a very formal, almost military term for 'each individual' or 'separately.' You might see this in old texts or very strict formal commands. By choosing 個別的, you are opting for a professional, modern, and analytical tone that is perfect for business, academia, and high-level social commentary.

個別的 (Kobetsuteki): Focus: The nature of being separate/individualized. Register: Formal/Professional.

個々の (Koko no): Focus: Each specific item in a group. Register: Neutral/Formal.

個人的 (Kojinteki): Focus: Private/Personal feelings or matters. Register: Neutral.

具体的 (Kutaiteki): Focus: Concrete details vs. abstract theory. Register: Neutral/Formal.

Comparison:
1. 個別的な指導 (Individualized instruction - a method)
2. 個々の学生 (Each individual student - the subjects)
3. 個人的な相談 (Personal consultation - private matter)

How Formal Is It?

재미있는 사실

The suffix 'teki' (的) became popular in Japan during the late 19th century as scholars struggled to translate Western scientific and philosophical concepts into Japanese.

발음 가이드

UK /koʊ.bɛ.tsu.tɛ.ki/

US /koʊ.bɛ.tsu.tɛ.ki/

Japanese is a pitch-accent language. 個別的 usually has a relatively flat accent or a slight drop after 'be' depending on the dialect.

라임이 맞는 단어

標的 (hyōteki) 目的 (mokuteki) 知的 (chiteki) 公的 (kōteki) 私的 (shiteki) 法的 (hōteki) 詩的 (shiteki) 静的 (seiteki)

자주 하는 실수

Pronouncing 'tsu' as 'su'.
Over-emphasizing the 'teki' like an English suffix.
Merging 'ko' and 'be' too quickly.
Using English stress patterns.
Misreading the kanji as 'kobetsuteki' but writing 'kobetsu-na'.

난이도

독해 3/5

The kanji are common but the combination is formal and requires B1 level reading skills.

쓰기 4/5

Writing 'teki' and 'betsu' correctly requires practice with stroke order.

말하기 3/5

Easy to pronounce but hard to know when to use instead of 'kojinteki'.

듣기 2/5

Clearly articulated in news and formal speeches.

다음에 무엇을 배울까

선수 학습

個人別れる目的特別個

다음에 배울 것

具体的抽象的集団的客観的主観的

고급

捨象普遍的特異点包摂乖離

알아야 할 문법

な-adjectives (Keiyodoshi)

個別的な (Kobetsuteki na) + Noun

Adverbial form with に

個別的に (Kobetsuteki ni) + Verb

Noun + 的 suffix

科学的 (Scientific), 計画的 (Planned)

Formal 'Reason' markers (により/のため)

個別的な事情により (Due to individual circumstances)

Contrastive は

全体としては良いが、個別的には問題がある。

무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

수준별 예문

これは個別的なレッスンです。

This is an individual lesson.

Uses 'na' to connect the adjective to the noun.

個別的に話しましょう。

Let's talk individually.

Uses 'ni' to turn the adjective into an adverb.

個別的なブースがあります。

There are individual booths.

Describes a physical space designed for one person.

個別的な対応をします。

We will handle it individually.

Formal way to say 'one by one'.

各学生に個別的なプランがあります。

There is an individual plan for each student.

Shows specific attention to each person.

個別的な質問はありますか？

Do you have any individual questions?

Used to ask for specific, non-general questions.

個別的にメールを送ります。

I will send emails individually.

Indicates the action is not a mass email.

個別的な指導が大切です。

Individual guidance is important.

Focuses on the importance of one-on-one help.

お客様の個別的なニーズに応えます。

We meet the individual needs of our customers.

Uses 'niizu' (needs) which is common in business.

個別的な事情を説明してください。

Please explain your individual circumstances.

'Jijō' refers to the background or situation.

この問題は個別的に解決しましょう。

Let's solve this problem individually.

Suggests a step-by-step, case-by-case approach.

個別的な契約を結びました。

We signed an individual contract.

Refers to a specific agreement tailored to one party.

個別的な評価が行われます。

Individual evaluations will be conducted.

Refers to performance reviews.

個別的に連絡を差し上げます。

I will contact you individually (polite).

Standard polite business phrasing.

個別的な判断が必要です。

An individual judgment is necessary.

Implies that general rules aren't enough.

個別的な指導を受けています。

I am receiving individual instruction.

Passive form 'ukete iru' showing the action received.

全体的な傾向だけでなく、個別的な事例も見てみよう。

Let's look at specific cases, not just general trends.

Contrasts 'zentaiteki' (general) with 'kobetsuteki'.

プライバシーを守るため、個別的な相談室を用意した。

To protect privacy, we prepared individual consultation rooms.

Explains the reason (privacy) for the individuality.

この法律は、個別的な事案には適用されません。

This law does not apply to individual cases.

Formal legal context.

個別的な対応が求められる場面が増えている。

Situations requiring individual handling are increasing.

Uses 'motomerareru' (is required).

各プロジェクトに対して、個別的な予算が割り当てられた。

An individual budget was allocated to each project.

Focuses on financial separation.

個別的に検討した結果、この案を採用することにした。

As a result of individual examination, we decided to adopt this plan.

Indicates a thorough, case-by-case review.

個別的な事情により、締め切りを延長します。

Due to individual circumstances, the deadline will be extended.

Common excuse in formal requests.

個別的な差異を考慮に入れるべきだ。

We should take individual differences into account.

'Kōryo ni ireru' is a formal expression for 'take into account'.

個別的自衛権の行使について、議論が分かれている。

Opinions are divided regarding the exercise of the right of individual self-defense.

High-level political/legal terminology.

データの個別的な分析により、新たな知見が得られた。

Through individual analysis of the data, new insights were obtained.

Scientific/Analytical context.

サービスを個別的にカスタマイズすることが可能です。

It is possible to customize services individually.

Tech/Business marketing speak.

個別的なアプローチが、治療の成功には不可欠だ。

An individual approach is essential for the success of the treatment.

Medical context; 'fukaketsu' means essential.

各々の事例を個別的に精査する必要がある。

It is necessary to closely examine each case individually.

'Seisa suru' is a formal word for close examination.

個別的な要望には、できる限りお応えします。

We will respond to individual requests as much as possible.

Formal customer service promise.

個別的な事象を一般化するのは危険だ。

It is dangerous to generalize individual events.

Philosophical/Logical warning.

個別的な配慮が、組織の調和を保つ鍵となる。

Individual consideration is the key to maintaining organizational harmony.

Management philosophy.

法解釈においては、個別的な具体性が重視される。

In legal interpretation, individual specificity is emphasized.

Academic legal theory.

個別的特殊性と普遍的妥当性のバランスをどう取るか。

How to balance individual particularity and universal validity.

Highly abstract philosophical phrasing.

この政策は個別的なニーズを汲み取れていない。

This policy fails to capture individual needs.

'Kumitoru' means to understand or scoop up nuances.

個別的な因果関係を解明することが、本研究の目的である。

The purpose of this study is to clarify individual causal relationships.

Research objective statement.

個別的な合意形成のプロセスが、合意の質を左右する。

The process of individual consensus-building determines the quality of the agreement.

'Sayū suru' means to influence or determine.

個別的な事理に即した柔軟な対応が求められる。

Flexible responses based on individual logic/reasons are required.

'Sokushita' means based on or in accordance with.

個別的な主体性を尊重する教育が、今こそ必要だ。

Education that respects individual agency is needed now more than ever.

'Shutaisei' refers to independent agency or identity.

個別的な文脈を無視した議論は、空論に過ぎない。

Arguments that ignore the individual context are nothing more than empty theories.

'Kūron' means empty or impractical theory.

憲法判断においては、個別的な具体的権利の侵害が問われる。

In constitutional judgments, the infringement of individual, concrete rights is questioned.

Supreme court level legal discourse.

個別的差異を捨象して一般論を構築する手法には限界がある。

There are limits to the method of constructing general theories by abstracting away individual differences.

'Shashō' is a highly technical term for 'abstracting away'.

個別的な事象の集積が、歴史の大きなうねりを形成する。

The accumulation of individual events forms the great swells of history.

Historical philosophical perspective.

個別的な実存の重みを、統計的な数字で測ることはできない。

The weight of individual existence cannot be measured by statistical figures.

'Jitsuzon' is the term for 'existence' in existentialism.

個別的な契約条項の解釈が、訴訟の争点となった。

The interpretation of individual contract clauses became the point of contention in the lawsuit.

'Soshō no shōten' is the legal crux of a case.

個別的な営みの連鎖が、社会の基盤を支えている。

The chain of individual activities supports the foundation of society.

'Itanami' refers to life's activities or workings.

個別的な知性と集合的な知性の乖離をどう埋めるか。

How to bridge the gap between individual intelligence and collective intelligence.

'Kairi' means divergence or gap.

個別的な特異点を排除せず、多様性を包摂するシステムを構築する。

Construct a system that encompasses diversity without excluding individual singularities.

'Tokuiten' (singularity) and 'Hōsetsu' (subsume/encompass).

자주 쓰는 조합

個別的な対応

個別的な事情

個別的な指導

個別的な判断

個別的な契約

個別的自衛権

個別的な理由

個別的な差異

個別的な相談

個別的な評価

자주 쓰는 구문

個別的に対応する

— To handle something on a case-by-case basis.

問題には個別的に対応します。

個別的な配慮

— Individual consideration or special attention.

個別的な配慮が必要です。

個別的な事例

— Specific cases or individual examples.

個別的な事例を挙げる。

個別的な合意

— Individual agreement between parties.

個別的な合意に達した。

個別的な要望

— Individual requests or specific needs.

個別的な要望に応える。

個別的な調査

— Individual investigation or specific research.

個別的な調査を行う。

個別的なデータ

— Specific data points for an individual.

個別的なデータを分析する。

個別的な解決

— Individual solution for a specific problem.

個別的な解決を目指す。

個別的なブース

— Individual booths for privacy.

個別的なブースで勉強する。

個別的な指導計画

— Individualized education plan (IEP).

個別的な指導計画を作成する。

자주 혼동되는 단어

個別的 vs 個人的

Kojinteki is 'personal/private feelings.' Kobetsuteki is 'individual units in a system.'

個別的 vs 別々

Betsu-betsu is for physical separation (checks, rooms). Kobetsuteki is for formal handling.

個別的 vs 独自

Dokuji is 'unique/original.' Kobetsuteki is just 'separate/specific.'

관용어 및 표현

"ケースバイケース"

— Case-by-case (loanword synonym).

それはケースバイケースですね。

Neutral

"一人一人の"

— Each and every person.

一人一人の意見を聞く。

General

"手に手を取って"

— Hand in hand (collective, opposite concept).

手に手を取って協力する。

Literary

"一対一で"

— One-on-one.

一対一で話し合う。

Neutral

"十人十色"

— Ten people, ten colors (Everyone is different).

まさに十人十色だ。

Idiom

"各個撃破"

— Defeating enemies one by one (Strategy).

問題を各個撃破する。

Formal/Strategic

"三者三様"

— Three people, three different ways.

三者三様の考えがある。

Idiom

"個を重んじる"

— To value the individual.

個を重んじる文化。

Formal

"私的な"

— Private (synonym for personal aspects).

私的な時間は大切だ。

Neutral

"オーダーメイドの"

— Order-made/Custom-made (service context).

オーダーメイドの対応。

Business

혼동하기 쉬운

個別的 vs 個々の

Both mean individual.

Koko no emphasizes each item in a group; Kobetsuteki emphasizes the individual nature or method of handling.

個々の学生 (Each student) vs 個別的な指導 (Individualized instruction).

個別的 vs 各個

Both mean individual.

Kakko is extremely formal/military; Kobetsuteki is standard professional Japanese.

各個撃破 (Defeating individually) vs 個別的な対応 (Individual handling).

個別的 vs 特殊

Both imply something specific.

Tokushu means 'special/abnormal'; Kobetsuteki means 'separate/case-by-case' regardless of normality.

特殊な能力 (Special ability) vs 個別的な理由 (Individual reason).

個別的 vs 具体的

Specific vs Individual.

Kutaiteki is 'concrete/detailed'; Kobetsuteki is 'one-by-one/tailored.'

具体的な案 (Concrete plan) vs 個別的な案 (Individual plan).

個別的 vs 私的

Personal vs Individual.

Shiteki is 'private/not public'; Kobetsuteki is 'individualized handling.'

私的な旅行 (Private trip) vs 個別的な調査 (Individual investigation).

문장 패턴

個別的な [Noun] です。

個別的なレッスンです。

個別的に [Verb] します。

個別的に対応します。

個別的な事情で [Sentence]。

個別的な事情で遅れました。

[A] は [B] よりも個別的だ。

この問題は他よりも個別的だ。

個別的な [Noun] を考慮する。

個別的なニーズを考慮する。

個別的な [Noun] に即して [Verb]。

個別的な事例に即して判断する。

個別的な [Noun] が [Verb] を左右する。

個別的な要因が結果を左右する。

個別的な [Noun] を捨象する。

個別的な差異を捨象する。

어휘 가족

명사

個別 (kobetsu) - Individual/Separation

個人 (kojin) - Individual person

個体 (kotai) - Individual body/specimen

동사

個別に分ける (kobetsu ni wakeru) - To divide individually

형용사

個別的な (kobetsuteki na) - Individual/Specific

個別の (kobetsu no) - Individual

사용법

frequency

Common in professional/academic/news contexts; rare in casual daily life.

자주 하는 실수

Using 個別的 for 'personal feelings'. → 個人的 (Kojinteki)
Kobetsuteki is for units/cases; Kojinteki is for the person's inner self.
Saying '個別的レストラン' for a private room. → 個室のあるレストラン
Kobetsuteki refers to handling, not physical architecture like 'private rooms'.
Omitting 'na' in '個別的対応'. → 個別的な対応
It is a na-adjective and requires the particle 'na' to modify a noun.
Using it for 'separate checks' in a café. → 別々 (Betsu-betsu)
Kobetsuteki is too formal for a casual restaurant setting.
Confusing it with 独自 (Unique). → 個別的 (Individual)
A process can be individualized (kobetsuteki) without being unique/original (dokuji).

팁

Don't forget the 'Na'

As a na-adjective, it always needs 'na' before a noun. 'Kobetsuteki mondai' is wrong; 'Kobetsuteki na mondai' is correct.

Use in Business

Use it when you want to offer a client a 'tailored' solution. It sounds much more professional than just saying 'special'.

Privacy Context

When discussing sensitive topics, use 'kobetsuteki na sōdan' to assure someone that their case will be handled privately and specifically.

Analytical Tone

Use this word when you want to sound objective. It suggests you are looking at the facts of each unit without bias.

Kanji Breakdown

Focus on the 'Betsu' (separate) part. If you remember 'separate,' you'll always get the meaning of 'kobetsuteki' right.

Academic Papers

This is a great word to use in the 'methodology' section of a paper to describe case-by-case analysis.

News Keywords

When you hear 'kobetsuteki,' prepare for a discussion about specific laws, rights, or government actions.

Pitch Accent

Keep the pitch steady. Japanese adjectives ending in 'teki' usually have a predictable rhythm.

Pair with 'Taiō'

The most common pairing is 'kobetsuteki na taiō' (individual handling). Memorize this pair first.

Harmony vs Individual

Understand that 'kobetsuteki' is the tool Japanese society uses to manage individual needs without breaking group harmony.

암기하기

기억법

Think of 'Ko' as a small box (individual), 'Betsu' as a knife cutting (separate), and 'Teki' as a target. You are targeting each separate box individually.

시각적 연상

Imagine a conveyor belt where a robotic arm picks up one specific item (the 'individual' unit) to inspect it separately from the rest.

Word Web

個 (Individual) 別 (Separate) 的 (Like/-ic) 個別 (Individual) 個人的 (Personal) 個別的 (Case-by-case) 別々 (Separate) 個室 (Private room)

챌린지

Try to use 'kobetsuteki ni' three times today when describing how you do your tasks: 'I will check my emails individually,' etc.

어원

Composed of Sino-Japanese (Kango) roots. 'Ko' (個) was originally a counter for bamboo strips, later becoming a general counter for individuals. 'Betsu' (別) comes from the image of a knife cutting bone, meaning to separate. 'Teki' (的) was originally 'target' but was adopted in the Meiji era to translate Western suffixes like -ic or -al.

원래 의미: The state of being a separate, individual target/unit.

Sino-Japanese (Kango).

문화적 맥락

Be careful not to use 'kobetsuteki' when you mean 'personal' (kojinteki) in emotional contexts, as it can sound cold or clinical.

English speakers often use 'individual' or 'personal' loosely. In Japanese, 'kobetsuteki' is strictly more analytical and formal than 'personal.'

Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution (related to Individual Self-Defense) Individualized Education Programs (IEP) in Japanese schools Personalized Medicine (Kobetsuka Iryō) research

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

Education

個別的な指導
個別的なカリキュラム
個別的な進度
個別的なサポート

Business

個別的な対応
個別的な契約
個別的な見積もり
個別的な面談

Law/Politics

個別的自衛権
個別的な権利
個別的な事案
個別的な合意

Medicine

個別的な治療
個別的な反応
個別的なリスク
個別的なケア

Customer Service

個別的な要望
個別的な相談
個別的な予約
個別的な案内

대화 시작하기

"個別的な指導について、どう思いますか？ (What do you think about individualized instruction?)"

"最近、個別的な対応が必要なケースが増えましたね。 (Cases requiring individual handling have increased lately, haven't they?)"

"個別的な事情で、今日はお先に失礼します。 (Due to individual circumstances, I'll be leaving early today.)"

"このプロジェクトには、個別的な予算が必要ですか？ (Does this project need an individual budget?)"

"個別的なフィードバックをいただけますか？ (Could I get some individual feedback?)"

일기 주제

今日、個別的な対応が必要だった出来事について書いてください。 (Write about an event today that required individual handling.)

あなたは個別的な指導とグループ学習、どちらが好きですか？ (Do you prefer individualized instruction or group learning? Why?)

個別的なプライバシーを守るために、どのような工夫をしていますか？ (What steps do you take to protect individual privacy?)

将来、どのような個別的なサービスを利用してみたいですか？ (What kind of individualized services would you like to use in the future?)

個別的自衛権という言葉について、自分の考えをまとめてください。 (Summarize your thoughts on the term 'right of individual self-defense.')

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

Yes, it is generally considered a formal or professional term. In casual conversation, people prefer 'betsu-betsu' or 'hitori-hitori'.

No, you should use '個人的な意見' (kojinteki na iken) because an opinion is personal, not a separate unit of a system.

個別 is a noun (e.g., 個別に対応する), while 個別的 is an adjective (e.g., 個別的な対応). In many cases, they are interchangeable, but the 'teki' version sounds slightly more abstract or analytical.

Yes, very much so. In IT, medicine, and law, it describes individualized processes or specific case data.

It consists of 'broken' or 'separate' parts on the left and a 'knife' radical on the right (別). Think of cutting something into pieces.

Technically you could, but it would sound very strange and overly formal. Stick to 'betsu-betsu ni onegaishimasu'.

It is '個別的自衛権' (kobetsuteki jiei-ken). It is a major political term in Japan.

Not exactly. It means 'individual.' A 'special' thing is 'tokubetsu' (特別). A 'kobetsuteki' thing is just handled on its own.

Yes, it often appears in the N2 and N1 levels, particularly in reading comprehension passages about society or science.

Yes, you can discuss the '個別的な特徴' (individual characteristics) of specific objects or products.

무료 가입하고 팁과 노트 보기