Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'khong' (ຂອງ) to show possession by placing it between the owner and the object.
- Place 'khong' after the owner: 'khong' + owner + object.
- The owner comes first, then 'khong', then the object: 'khong' + 'khong' + object.
- In casual speech, 'khong' can sometimes be omitted for close family or body parts.
Possessive Structure
| Object | Particle | Owner | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
|
ປຶ້ມ
|
ຂອງ
|
ຂ້ອຍ
|
ປຶ້ມຂອງຂ້ອຍ
|
|
ລົດ
|
ຂອງ
|
ພໍ່
|
ລົດຂອງພໍ່
|
|
ເຮືອນ
|
ຂອງ
|
ລາວ
|
ເຮືອນຂອງລາວ
|
|
ໝາ
|
ຂອງ
|
ນາງ
|
ໝາຂອງນາງ
|
|
ໂທລະສັບ
|
ຂອງ
|
ເພື່ອນ
|
ໂທລະສັບຂອງເພື່ອນ
|
|
ອາຫານ
|
ຂອງ
|
ເຮົາ
|
ອາຫານຂອງເຮົາ
|
Meanings
The particle 'khong' acts as a possessive marker, similar to the English apostrophe-s or 'of'.
Direct Possession
Indicates that an object belongs to a person or entity.
“ລົດຂອງພໍ່ (lot khong por) - Father's car”
“ເຮືອນຂອງລາວ (heuan khong lao) - His/her house”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
Object + ຂອງ + Owner
|
ປຶ້ມຂອງຂ້ອຍ
|
|
Negative
|
Object + ບໍ່ແມ່ນ + ຂອງ + Owner
|
ບໍ່ແມ່ນປຶ້ມຂອງຂ້ອຍ
|
|
Question
|
Object + ຂອງ + Owner + ບໍ່?
|
ນີ້ແມ່ນປຶ້ມຂອງຂ້ອຍບໍ່?
|
|
Short Answer
|
ຂອງ + Owner
|
ຂອງຂ້ອຍ
|
|
Plural
|
Object + ຂອງ + ພວກ + Owner
|
ປຶ້ມຂອງພວກເຂົາ
|
|
Formal
|
Object + ຂອງ + Title + Name
|
ປຶ້ມຂອງອາຈານສົມສັກ
|
격식 수준 스펙트럼
ເຮືອນຂອງຂ້າພະເຈົ້າ (Talking about home)
ເຮືອນຂອງຂ້ອຍ (Talking about home)
ເຮືອນຂ້ອຍ (Talking about home)
ເຮືອນຂ້ອຍເອງ (Talking about home)
The Possession Bridge
Left Side
- ປຶ້ມ Book
Right Side
- ຂ້ອຍ Me
수준별 예문
ປຶ້ມຂອງຂ້ອຍ
My book
ລົດຂອງພໍ່
Father's car
ເຮືອນຂອງລາວ
His house
ໝາຂອງນາງ
Her dog
ນີ້ແມ່ນກະເປົາຂອງຂ້ອຍບໍ່?
Is this my bag?
ໂທລະສັບຂອງເພື່ອນຂ້ອຍ
My friend's phone
ອາຫານຂອງເຮົາ
Our food
ປາກກາຂອງຄູ
The teacher's pen
ວຽກຂອງບໍລິສັດນີ້
The work of this company
ຄວາມຄິດຂອງລາວ
His idea
ເງິນຂອງທະນາຄານ
The bank's money
ສິດຂອງປະຊາຊົນ
The people's rights
ບັນຫາຂອງໂຄງການນີ້ແມ່ນຫຍັງ?
What is the problem of this project?
ການຕັດສິນໃຈຂອງຄະນະກຳມະການ
The committee's decision
ຜົນກະທົບຂອງສະພາບອາກາດ
The impact of the weather
ຄວາມຮັບຜິດຊອບຂອງນັກຮຽນ
The student's responsibility
ຄວາມສຳພັນຂອງທັງສອງຝ່າຍ
The relationship of both sides
ມໍລະດົກຂອງວັດທະນະທຳລາວ
The heritage of Lao culture
ຄວາມຕ້ອງການຂອງຕະຫຼາດ
The market's demand
ອິດທິພົນຂອງສື່ສັງຄົມ
The influence of social media
ການວິວັດທະນາການຂອງພາສາ
The evolution of language
ຄວາມຊັບຊ້ອນຂອງລະບົບກົດໝາຍ
The complexity of the legal system
ຄວາມໝາຍຂອງຊີວິດ
The meaning of life
ການປ່ຽນແປງຂອງສະພາບແວດລ້ອມ
The change of the environment
혼동하기 쉬운
Both are spelled the same.
Learners try to use adjectives for possession.
When to drop it?
자주 하는 실수
ຂ້ອຍຂອງປຶ້ມ
ປຶ້ມຂອງຂ້ອຍ
ປຶ້ມຂ້ອຍ
ປຶ້ມຂອງຂ້ອຍ
ປຶ້ມຂອງຂ້ອຍຂອງ
ປຶ້ມຂອງຂ້ອຍ
ປຶ້ມຂ້ອຍຂອງ
ປຶ້ມຂອງຂ້ອຍ
ລົດພໍ່
ລົດຂອງພໍ່
ລົດຂອງຂ້ອຍບໍ່
ລົດຂອງຂ້ອຍບໍ່?
ລົດຂອງລາວ
ລົດຂອງລາວ
ຄວາມຄິດຂອງລາວຂອງ
ຄວາມຄິດຂອງລາວ
ວຽກບໍລິສັດ
ວຽກຂອງບໍລິສັດ
ເງິນທະນາຄານ
ເງິນຂອງທະນາຄານ
ອິດທິພົນສື່
ອິດທິພົນຂອງສື່
ຄວາມໝາຍຊີວິດ
ຄວາມໝາຍຂອງຊີວິດ
ການປ່ຽນແປງສະພາບແວດລ້ອມ
ການປ່ຽນແປງຂອງສະພາບແວດລ້ອມ
문장 패턴
___ ຂອງ ___
ນີ້ແມ່ນ ___ ຂອງ ___ ບໍ່?
___ ຂອງ ___ ແມ່ນຫຍັງ?
___ ຂອງ ___ ມີຜົນກະທົບຕໍ່ ___
Real World Usage
ປຶ້ມຂອງຂ້ອຍຢູ່ໃສ?
ຮູບຂອງຂ້ອຍເອງ
ປະສົບການຂອງຂ້າພະເຈົ້າ
ອາຫານຂອງຂ້ອຍ
ກະເປົາຂອງຂ້ອຍ
ປາກກາຂອງຄູ
Keep it simple
Don't swap order
Listen for context
Be polite
Smart Tips
Think: Object + 'khong' + 'khoy'.
Try dropping 'khong' for a more natural sound.
Always add 'bor' at the end.
Always include 'khong'.
발음
Khong
Pronounced with a rising tone.
Question
ປຶ້ມຂອງຂ້ອຍ ບໍ່? ↑
Rising intonation at the end for questions.
암기하기
기억법
Khong is the 'Key' that unlocks the owner.
시각적 연상
Imagine a physical key (khong) connecting a book to a person's hand.
Rhyme
For things you own, use 'khong' alone.
Story
I hold my book. I put a key (khong) between the book and me. Now everyone knows it is my book.
Word Web
챌린지
Label 5 items in your room using sticky notes with 'Object + ຂອງ + ຂ້ອຍ'.
문화 노트
In Lao culture, close family members often omit 'khong' to show intimacy.
Similar to Thai 'khong', but Lao usage is often more fluid in speech.
Very similar to Lao, as they share the same linguistic roots.
Derived from the Tai word for 'thing' or 'property'.
대화 시작하기
ນີ້ແມ່ນປຶ້ມຂອງເຈົ້າບໍ່?
ລົດຄັນນີ້ແມ່ນຂອງໃຜ?
ຄວາມຄິດຂອງເຈົ້າແມ່ນຫຍັງ?
ການຕັດສິນໃຈຂອງບໍລິສັດແມ່ນຫຍັງ?
일기 주제
자주 하는 실수
Test Yourself
ປຶ້ມ ___ ຂ້ອຍ
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
ລົດຂ້ອຍຂອງ
ນີ້ແມ່ນປຶ້ມຂອງຂ້ອຍ.
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
ຂ້ອຍ / ຂອງ / ປຶ້ມ
My house (formal)
ຄວາມຄິດ ___ ລາວ
Score: /8
연습 문제
8 exercisesປຶ້ມ ___ ຂ້ອຍ
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
ລົດຂ້ອຍຂອງ
ນີ້ແມ່ນປຶ້ມຂອງຂ້ອຍ.
Match: ປຶ້ມຂອງພໍ່
ຂ້ອຍ / ຂອງ / ປຶ້ມ
My house (formal)
ຄວາມຄິດ ___ ລາວ
Score: /8
자주 묻는 질문 (8)
Yes, it is the standard possessive marker.
It is common for close family members.
No, it is a particle.
Use 'bor maen' (not).
Yes, very similar.
Yes, just add the plural pronoun.
It is neutral.
People might understand, but it sounds broken.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
de
Lao puts the object first.
de
Lao is more consistent with the particle.
Genitive case
Lao does not change the word form.
no
The particle is different but the function is identical.
Idafa
Lao is much simpler.
de
The particle is different.
