Vowel Positioning
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
In Lao, vowels don't just sit to the right of consonants; they can appear above, below, to the left, or even surround the consonant!
- Left-side vowels: Some vowels like 'ເ' (e) must be written before the consonant: ເກ (ke).
- Above/Below vowels: Vowels like 'ິ' (i) go above, while 'ຸ' (u) go below the consonant: ກິ (ki), ກຸ (ku).
- Surrounding vowels: Some vowels like 'ເ-ະ' (e) wrap around the consonant: ເກະ (ke).
Meanings
Lao is an abugida where vowels are represented by diacritics that attach to consonants in specific spatial positions.
Pre-consonant vowels
Vowels that must be written to the left of the initial consonant.
“ເປັດ (ped - duck)”
“ແກ້ວ (kaew - glass)”
Superscript vowels
Vowels written above the consonant.
“ກິນ (kin - eat)”
“ປີ (pi - year)”
Subscript vowels
Vowels written below the consonant.
“ກຸ້ງ (kung - shrimp)”
“ສູງ (sung - tall)”
Vowel Positioning Guide
| Vowel Type | Position | Example | Lao Script |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-consonant | Left | ke | ເກ |
| Superscript | Above | ki | ກິ |
| Subscript | Below | ku | ກຸ |
| Surrounding | Left/Right | ke | ເກະ |
| Complex | Above/Right | kue | ເກືອ |
| Tone Mark | Above | ka | ກ້າ |
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Left-side | Vowel + Consonant | ເ + ກ = ເກ |
| Above | Consonant + Vowel | ກ + ິ = ກິ |
| Below | Consonant + Vowel | ກ + ຸ = ກຸ |
| Surround | Vowel + Consonant + Vowel | ເ + ກ + ະ = ເກະ |
| Complex | Vowel + Consonant + Vowel | ເ + ກ + ື + ອ = ເກືອ |
| Tone | Consonant + Vowel + Tone | ກ + າ + ້ = ກ້າ |
격식 수준 스펙트럼
ຂ້ອຍກິນເຂົ້າ. (Daily life)
ຂ້ອຍກິນເຂົ້າ. (Daily life)
ກິນເຂົ້າ. (Daily life)
ກິນເຂົ້າລະ. (Daily life)
Vowel Placement Map
Left
- ເ e
Above
- ິ i
Below
- ຸ u
Examples by Level
ເປັດ
duck
ກິນ
eat
ກຸ້ງ
shrimp
ແມວ
cat
ໂຕະ
table
ປີ
year
ຮູ້
know
ໄຟ
fire
ເຫັນ
see
ແກ້ວ
glass
ໃສ່
put in
ນ້ຳ
water
ຮຽນ
study
ປຶ້ມ
book
ເມືອງ
city
ໃຈ
heart
ເງິນ
money
ເລື່ອງ
story
ກຽມ
prepare
ສຽງ
sound
ເບິ່ງ
look
ແຕ່ງ
compose
ໂຮງຮຽນ
school
ໃບໄມ້
leaf
Easily Confused
They sound the same.
자주 하는 실수
ກເ
ເກ
ກິ (written as ກ-ິ)
ກິ
ກຸ (written as ກ-ຸ)
ກຸ
ໄກ (written as ໄກ)
ໄກ
ໂກ (written as ກໂ)
ໂກ
ໃກ (written as ກໃ)
ໃກ
ກີ (written as ກ-ີ)
ກີ
ເກືອ (written as ກເືອ)
ເກືອ
ກຽມ (written as ກຽມ)
ກຽມ
ກ້ (written as ກ້)
ກ້
ເບິ່ງ (written as ເບິ່ງ)
ເບິ່ງ
ແຕ່ງ (written as ແຕ່ງ)
ແຕ່ງ
ໂຮງ (written as ໂຮງ)
ໂຮງ
Sentence Patterns
ຂ້ອຍ___
Real World Usage
ກິນເຂົ້າລະ
Practice
Smart Tips
Write the vowel first.
발음
Vowel Length
Vowels can be short or long, affecting the tone.
Question
Rising at the end
Used for yes/no questions
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Left-side vowels are 'early birds'—they always arrive before the consonant.
Visual Association
Imagine the consonant is a person standing in line, and the left-side vowel is a friend who cuts in front of them.
Rhyme
Left side first, then the rest, Lao vowels are the best.
Story
The consonant 'ກ' is a shy person. The vowel 'ເ' is a loud friend who always stands in front of 'ກ' to introduce them. Other vowels like 'ິ' are like hats that sit on top of 'ກ'.
Word Web
챌린지
Write 5 words using left-side vowels and 5 using above/below vowels in 5 minutes.
문화 노트
The script is deeply connected to Buddhist texts.
Derived from Brahmi script.
Conversation Starters
ເຈົ້າກິນເຂົ້າແລ້ວບໍ່?
Journal Prompts
Test Yourself
ກ___ນ
Score: /1
연습 문제
1 exercisesກ___ນ
Score: /1
자주 묻는 질문 (1)
No, they are diacritics.
In Other Languages
Thai vowel placement
Lao has fewer vowel symbols.
Alphabetical vowels
Lao uses diacritics.
Alphabetical vowels
Lao uses diacritics.
Alphabetical vowels
Lao uses diacritics.
Kana
Lao uses abugida.
Harakat
Lao vowels are mandatory.
