Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
In Lao, vowels don't just sit to the right of consonants; they can appear above, below, to the left, or even surround the consonant!
- Left-side vowels: Some vowels like 'ເ' (e) must be written before the consonant: ເກ (ke).
- Above/Below vowels: Vowels like 'ິ' (i) go above, while 'ຸ' (u) go below the consonant: ກິ (ki), ກຸ (ku).
- Surrounding vowels: Some vowels like 'ເ-ະ' (e) wrap around the consonant: ເກະ (ke).
Vowel Positioning Guide
| Vowel Type | Position | Example | Lao Script |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Pre-consonant
|
Left
|
ke
|
ເກ
|
|
Superscript
|
Above
|
ki
|
ກິ
|
|
Subscript
|
Below
|
ku
|
ກຸ
|
|
Surrounding
|
Left/Right
|
ke
|
ເກະ
|
|
Complex
|
Above/Right
|
kue
|
ເກືອ
|
|
Tone Mark
|
Above
|
ka
|
ກ້າ
|
Meanings
Lao is an abugida where vowels are represented by diacritics that attach to consonants in specific spatial positions.
Pre-consonant vowels
Vowels that must be written to the left of the initial consonant.
“ເປັດ (ped - duck)”
“ແກ້ວ (kaew - glass)”
Superscript vowels
Vowels written above the consonant.
“ກິນ (kin - eat)”
“ປີ (pi - year)”
Subscript vowels
Vowels written below the consonant.
“ກຸ້ງ (kung - shrimp)”
“ສູງ (sung - tall)”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Left-side
|
Vowel + Consonant
|
ເ + ກ = ເກ
|
|
Above
|
Consonant + Vowel
|
ກ + ິ = ກິ
|
|
Below
|
Consonant + Vowel
|
ກ + ຸ = ກຸ
|
|
Surround
|
Vowel + Consonant + Vowel
|
ເ + ກ + ະ = ເກະ
|
|
Complex
|
Vowel + Consonant + Vowel
|
ເ + ກ + ື + ອ = ເກືອ
|
|
Tone
|
Consonant + Vowel + Tone
|
ກ + າ + ້ = ກ້າ
|
フォーマル度スペクトル
ຂ້ອຍກິນເຂົ້າ. (Daily life)
ຂ້ອຍກິນເຂົ້າ. (Daily life)
ກິນເຂົ້າ. (Daily life)
ກິນເຂົ້າລະ. (Daily life)
Vowel Placement Map
Left
- ເ e
Above
- ິ i
Below
- ຸ u
レベル別の例文
ເປັດ
duck
ກິນ
eat
ກຸ້ງ
shrimp
ແມວ
cat
ໂຕະ
table
ປີ
year
ຮູ້
know
ໄຟ
fire
ເຫັນ
see
ແກ້ວ
glass
ໃສ່
put in
ນ້ຳ
water
ຮຽນ
study
ປຶ້ມ
book
ເມືອງ
city
ໃຈ
heart
ເງິນ
money
ເລື່ອງ
story
ກຽມ
prepare
ສຽງ
sound
ເບິ່ງ
look
ແຕ່ງ
compose
ໂຮງຮຽນ
school
ໃບໄມ້
leaf
間違えやすい
They sound the same.
よくある間違い
ກເ
ເກ
ກິ (written as ກ-ິ)
ກິ
ກຸ (written as ກ-ຸ)
ກຸ
ໄກ (written as ໄກ)
ໄກ
ໂກ (written as ກໂ)
ໂກ
ໃກ (written as ກໃ)
ໃກ
ກີ (written as ກ-ີ)
ກີ
ເກືອ (written as ກເືອ)
ເກືອ
ກຽມ (written as ກຽມ)
ກຽມ
ກ້ (written as ກ້)
ກ້
ເບິ່ງ (written as ເບິ່ງ)
ເບິ່ງ
ແຕ່ງ (written as ແຕ່ງ)
ແຕ່ງ
ໂຮງ (written as ໂຮງ)
ໂຮງ
文型パターン
ຂ້ອຍ___
Real World Usage
ກິນເຂົ້າລະ
Practice
Smart Tips
Write the vowel first.
発音
Vowel Length
Vowels can be short or long, affecting the tone.
Question
Rising at the end
Used for yes/no questions
暗記しよう
記憶術
Left-side vowels are 'early birds'—they always arrive before the consonant.
視覚的連想
Imagine the consonant is a person standing in line, and the left-side vowel is a friend who cuts in front of them.
Rhyme
Left side first, then the rest, Lao vowels are the best.
Story
The consonant 'ກ' is a shy person. The vowel 'ເ' is a loud friend who always stands in front of 'ກ' to introduce them. Other vowels like 'ິ' are like hats that sit on top of 'ກ'.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Write 5 words using left-side vowels and 5 using above/below vowels in 5 minutes.
文化メモ
The script is deeply connected to Buddhist texts.
Derived from Brahmi script.
会話のきっかけ
ເຈົ້າກິນເຂົ້າແລ້ວບໍ່?
日記のテーマ
よくある間違い
Test Yourself
ກ___ນ
Score: /1
練習問題
1 exercisesກ___ນ
Score: /1
よくある質問 (1)
No, they are diacritics.
Scaffolded Practice
1
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Thai vowel placement
Lao has fewer vowel symbols.
Alphabetical vowels
Lao uses diacritics.
Alphabetical vowels
Lao uses diacritics.
Alphabetical vowels
Lao uses diacritics.
Kana
Lao uses abugida.
Harakat
Lao vowels are mandatory.
