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A2 noun 12분 분량

voedsel

예시
설명 voedsel in your Level:
At the A1 beginner level, the most important thing to know about the word voedsel is that it means food, but you should not use it when talking about your breakfast, lunch, or dinner. When you are just starting to learn Dutch, you will mostly use the word 'eten' to talk about meals. For example, 'Het eten is lekker' means 'The food is tasty'. However, you will see the word voedsel written on signs in supermarkets or hear it on the news. It is a good word to recognize when you are reading basic Dutch texts. You should learn that it is a neuter noun, which means it uses the article 'het'. So, you say 'het voedsel'. At this level, just focus on recognizing the word and knowing its general meaning. Do not worry too much about using it in your own conversations yet, unless you are talking about animals eating, like 'voedsel voor de hond' (food for the dog). Remembering the difference between 'eten' for people and 'voedsel' for general food or animals is a great first step in your Dutch learning journey. Keep practicing the pronunciation, making sure the 'v' sounds a bit like an English 'f', and the 'oe' sounds like the 'oo' in the English word 'boot'.
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At the A2 elementary level, you are starting to build more complex sentences and expand your vocabulary beyond basic survival phrases. Now is the time to actively start using the word voedsel in the correct contexts. You should understand that voedsel is an uncountable noun, meaning it has no plural form. You cannot say 'voedsels'. You will start learning common compound words that use voedsel, such as 'voedselbank' (food bank). This is a very common word in the Netherlands, and you might read about it in local newspapers. You can also start using adjectives with voedsel, like 'gezond voedsel' (healthy food) or 'slecht voedsel' (bad food). Remember that because voedsel is a 'het' word, adjectives do not get an extra 'e' at the end when used indefinitely (for example, 'Ik koop gezond voedsel', not 'gezonde voedsel'). You should also practice using voedsel with basic verbs like 'kopen' (to buy), 'zoeken' (to look for), and 'vinden' (to find). For example, 'De vogels zoeken voedsel in de tuin' (The birds are looking for food in the garden). By mastering these basic rules and contexts, you will sound much more natural and precise when discussing topics related to animals, health, or society in Dutch.
At the B1 intermediate level, your ability to discuss broader societal and global topics in Dutch is growing, and voedsel becomes a crucial vocabulary word. You are now expected to read news articles, listen to reports, and express your opinions on issues like the environment, health, and the economy. In these contexts, voedsel is the standard term. You should be comfortable discussing concepts like 'voedselverspilling' (food waste) and 'voedselveiligheid' (food safety). You will use voedsel as a direct object in more complex sentences, pairing it with verbs such as 'produceren' (to produce), 'verbouwen' (to grow), and 'doneren' (to donate). For example, 'Het is belangrijk dat we minder voedsel verspillen om het milieu te beschermen' (It is important that we waste less food to protect the environment). You should also clearly understand the distinction between 'voedsel' (the physical substance) and 'voeding' (the nutritional aspect or diet). If you are talking to a doctor about your diet, you use 'voeding'. If you are talking about the global supply chain, you use 'voedsel'. Mastery at this level means you never accidentally say 'Het voedsel was heerlijk' after a dinner party, but you perfectly deploy it when discussing agricultural policies or charity work like the 'voedselbank'.
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At the B2 upper-intermediate level, you are expected to engage in detailed, abstract discussions and understand complex texts. The word voedsel will appear frequently in academic, political, and environmental discourse. You should be able to effortlessly read and produce texts regarding 'voedselzekerheid' (food security), 'voedselschaarste' (food scarcity), and the 'voedselketen' (food chain). At this stage, you must master the nuances of related terminology, knowing exactly when to use 'voedsel', 'voeding', 'voedingsmiddelen' (foodstuffs), and 'eten'. You will be expected to participate in debates about sustainable agriculture ('duurzame voedselproductie') and the impact of climate change on global food supplies. Your sentence structures will become more sophisticated, utilizing passive voice and relative clauses. For example, 'Het voedsel dat lokaal wordt geproduceerd, heeft een kleinere ecologische voetafdruk' (The food that is produced locally has a smaller ecological footprint). You should also be familiar with idiomatic or figurative uses, though voedsel is relatively literal. Your pronunciation and intonation should be natural, and you should never make elementary mistakes regarding its gender (het) or countability. Using voedsel correctly at B2 demonstrates your transition from conversational Dutch to a professional and academic command of the language.
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At the C1 advanced level, your command of the Dutch language is near-fluent, and your use of vocabulary must reflect a deep understanding of register, tone, and context. The word voedsel is entirely integrated into your active vocabulary for formal, scientific, and socio-political discussions. You are reading academic papers, government white papers, and high-level journalism where terms like 'voedselvoorziening' (food supply), 'voedselsoevereiniteit' (food sovereignty), and 'voedseltransitie' (food transition) are commonplace. You understand the historical and cultural weight of the word, such as its usage in the context of the 'Hongerwinter' (the Dutch famine of 1944-1945), where the absolute lack of voedsel shaped a generation. You are capable of writing essays or giving presentations on the ethics of the bio-industry ('bio-industrie') and the genetic modification of food ('genetisch gemodificeerd voedsel'). You effortlessly navigate the subtle semantic boundaries between 'voedsel' and its synonyms, choosing 'voedingsmiddelen' when discussing market economics and retail, 'voeding' when discussing dietetics, and 'voedsel' when discussing the biological or macro-societal necessity. Your grammatical accuracy with the word is flawless, and you can creatively use compound words or understand newly coined terms in Dutch media that utilize voedsel as a root.
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At the C2 mastery level, you possess a native-like proficiency in Dutch. Your use of the word voedsel is instinctive and flawless across all possible contexts, from highly specialized scientific research to literary analysis. You appreciate the etymological roots of the word, connecting it to the verb 'voeden' and understanding its historical evolution in Germanic languages. You can analyze literature, poetry, or historical documents where the concept of voedsel is used metaphorically to represent spiritual or intellectual sustenance (e.g., 'voedsel voor de geest' - food for the mind/thought). You are comfortable engaging in highly technical debates, perhaps discussing the biochemical properties of 'voedseladditieven' (food additives) or the intricate legal frameworks governing European 'voedselveiligheidsnormen' (food safety standards). You can instantly detect and correct the subtle unnatural phrasing of non-native speakers who misuse the word. Your vocabulary is vast, encompassing archaic or highly specific terms related to voedsel that even some native speakers might rarely use. At this level, the word is not just a translation of 'food', but a multifaceted concept that you can manipulate with complete linguistic sovereignty to express precise, nuanced, and complex ideas in any professional, academic, or creative setting.
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예시
The Dutch word voedsel translates directly to the English word food, but its usage is far more nuanced and specific than its English counterpart. While English speakers use the word food for almost every context involving eating, from casual dinners to global agricultural policies, Dutch speakers make a very clear distinction between everyday food and food as a general, scientific, or societal concept. When you sit down at a table to eat a meal with your friends or family, you do not talk about the voedsel on your plate. Instead, you use the word eten. Eten is the everyday, conversational word for food or a meal. Voedsel, on the other hand, is a more formal, clinical, or abstract term. It is used when discussing food in a broader sense, such as food supply, food safety, food banks, or the biological necessity of sustenance for living organisms.
Formal Context
Used in news reports, government policies, and scientific papers regarding nutrition and agriculture.
Understanding this distinction is one of the key milestones for intermediate Dutch learners. If you tell a Dutch person that the voedsel at a restaurant was delicious, they will understand you, but it will sound very strange, almost as if you are a robot or a scientist analyzing the nutritional content of the meal rather than enjoying a culinary experience.

De overheid controleert de kwaliteit van het voedsel.

You will frequently encounter the word voedsel in compound nouns. The Dutch language loves to combine words to create new, highly specific terms, and voedsel is an excellent building block for this. For example, a food bank is called a voedselbank. Food poisoning is known as voedselvergiftiging. The food chain in biology is referred to as the voedselketen. In all of these examples, the focus is on the concept of food as a resource, a substance, or a system, rather than a tasty meal.

Dieren in het wild moeten elke dag op zoek naar voedsel.

In the context of global issues, voedsel is the standard term. When discussing world hunger, agricultural sustainability, or the logistics of transporting goods across borders, voedsel is the appropriate vocabulary choice.
Compound Words
Voedsel is highly productive in forming compound nouns related to industry and science.
It is also worth noting that voedsel is a neuter noun in Dutch, which means it takes the definite article het. Therefore, you say het voedsel. Unlike many other nouns, voedsel is generally uncountable. You do not typically talk about one food or two foods in Dutch using this word. If you need to talk about different types of food, you would say soorten voedsel (types of food) or voedingsmiddelen (foodstuffs).

We zamelen voedsel in voor de slachtoffers van de ramp.

The etymology of the word connects it to the verb voeden, which means to feed or to nourish. This linguistic root further emphasizes its connection to the biological necessity of eating rather than the cultural or social aspects of dining.

Gezond voedsel is belangrijk voor de ontwikkeling van kinderen.

Biological Use
In biology, it refers to the nutrients consumed by any living organism, including plants and animals.

De schaarste aan voedsel dwingt de vogels om te migreren.

By mastering the usage of voedsel, you demonstrate a deeper understanding of Dutch vocabulary and nuance, moving beyond basic survival phrases into the realm of fluent, context-appropriate communication.
Constructing sentences with the word voedsel requires an understanding of its grammatical properties and its semantic boundaries. As a neuter noun, it is always het voedsel. Because it is an uncountable noun representing a mass or a concept, it does not have a plural form. You cannot say de voedsels. If you want to refer to individual items of food, you must use alternative expressions such as voedingsmiddelen (food products) or soorten voedsel (types of food).
Grammar Rule
Voedsel is an uncountable neuter noun; it uses het and has no plural form.
When using voedsel as the subject of a sentence, the verb must be conjugated in the third person singular. For example, Het voedsel is bedorven (The food is spoiled). Notice how the sentence sounds slightly clinical. If you were talking about your dinner being ruined, you would more likely say Het eten is bedorven. The use of voedsel here might imply a larger batch of supplies, perhaps in a warehouse or a refrigerator, rather than a single meal on a plate.

Het voedsel wordt per vrachtwagen naar de supermarkten gebracht.

Voedsel is frequently accompanied by adjectives that describe its quality, safety, or nutritional value. Common combinations include gezond voedsel (healthy food), ongezond voedsel (unhealthy food), biologisch voedsel (organic food), and besmet voedsel (contaminated food).

Zij schreef een interessant artikel over de productie van biologisch voedsel.

You will also see voedsel used as the direct object of verbs related to production, distribution, and consumption on a macro level. Verbs like produceren (to produce), verbouwen (to grow/cultivate), distribueren (to distribute), verspillen (to waste), and doneren (to donate) pair perfectly with voedsel. For instance, Voedsel verspillen is slecht voor het milieu (Wasting food is bad for the environment).
Action Verbs
Pair voedsel with verbs that describe large-scale actions like producing, wasting, or transporting.

We moeten voorkomen dat we zoveel voedsel weggooien.

In negative sentences, the negation word geen is used because voedsel is an uncountable noun. Hij heeft geen voedsel (He has no food). This sentence carries a heavy, serious tone, implying starvation or extreme poverty, rather than just skipping a meal.

Tijdens de oorlog was er een groot gebrek aan voedsel.

Prepositions
Common prepositions used with voedsel include aan (gebrek aan voedsel) and voor (voedsel voor de dieren).

Dit soort voedsel bevat veel belangrijke vitamines en mineralen.

When forming relative clauses, you use the relative pronoun dat because voedsel is a neuter noun. Het voedsel dat we gisteren hebben gekocht (The food that we bought yesterday). Paying attention to these grammatical details will ensure your Dutch sounds natural and accurate, especially in academic or professional environments where the word voedsel is most commonly deployed.
The contexts in which you will hear the word voedsel are quite distinct from everyday conversations about meals. You are most likely to encounter this word in the media, in educational settings, in supermarkets (on packaging or signs), and in discussions about society and the environment. When you watch the Dutch news (het NOS Journaal), reporters frequently use voedsel when discussing international crises, such as famines, droughts, or the logistics of humanitarian aid.
News Media
Journalists use voedsel to report on global food security, agricultural policies, and humanitarian aid.
Another very common place to hear this word in the Netherlands is in relation to the voedselbank (food bank). The Netherlands has a robust system of food banks that provide groceries to individuals and families living below the poverty line. Discussions about the economy, inflation, and social welfare often mention the increasing number of people relying on the voedselbank.

Steeds meer gezinnen maken gebruik van de voedselbank vanwege de hoge inflatie.

You will also see the word voedsel extensively in supermarkets, particularly on labels concerning food safety and quality. Terms like voedselveiligheid (food safety) are regulated by government bodies like the Nederlandse Voedsel- en Warenautoriteit (NVWA), which inspects restaurants and food production facilities.

De inspectie controleert de voedselveiligheid in alle restaurants van de stad.

Environmental discussions are another major domain for this word. The Netherlands is a massive agricultural exporter, and debates about nitrogen emissions, sustainable farming, and reducing voedselverspilling (food waste) are constant topics in Dutch politics and society.
Sustainability
Topics like food waste and sustainable agriculture heavily rely on the term voedsel.

De supermarkt is een campagne gestart om voedselverspilling tegen te gaan.

In biology classes or nature documentaries, you will hear voedsel used to describe the diet of animals. The phrase op zoek naar voedsel (looking for food / foraging) is incredibly common in voiceovers describing wildlife.

De eekhoorn verzamelt voedsel om de koude winter te overleven.

Medical Contexts
Doctors and dietitians use voedsel when discussing allergies (voedselallergie) and nutrition.

Mijn dochter heeft een ernstige voedselallergie voor pinda's.

Finally, you will encounter it in historical contexts, such as museums or documentaries discussing the Hongerwinter (the Dutch famine of 1944-1945), where the lack of voedsel defined an entire generation's trauma. In all these contexts, the word carries a weight and formality that distinguishes it from casual dining vocabulary.
The most frequent and obvious mistake English speakers make when learning Dutch is using voedsel as a direct translation for the English word food in everyday situations. Because English uses food for everything from 'This food is delicious' to 'The global food supply', learners naturally assume voedsel works the same way. It does not. If you are sitting at a restaurant and you say, 'Het voedsel is erg lekker' (The food is very tasty), a Dutch person will probably laugh or look at you strangely. The correct sentence is 'Het eten is erg lekker'.
The Eten vs Voedsel Trap
Never use voedsel to compliment a meal prepared by a chef, a friend, or family member.

Bedankt voor het heerlijke eten vanavond. (Correct, do not use voedsel here).

Another common mistake relates to the gender of the noun. Voedsel is a neuter noun, meaning it takes the article het. Many beginners default to using de for all nouns they are unsure about, resulting in the incorrect phrase de voedsel. This mistake also affects adjectives; for example, you must say gezond voedsel without an 'e' at the end of the adjective because it is an indefinite neuter noun.

Zij koopt altijd het duurste voedsel in de biologische winkel.

Learners also sometimes try to pluralize voedsel, saying things like de voedsels to mean 'the foods'. This is grammatically incorrect in Dutch. Voedsel is strictly an uncountable mass noun. If you need to talk about different types of foods, you must use a phrase like soorten voedsel or switch to a different word entirely, such as voedingsmiddelen.
Pluralization Error
Do not add an 's' or 'en' to voedsel. It has no plural form.

Er zijn veel verschillende soorten voedsel beschikbaar op de markt.

A more subtle mistake is confusing voedsel with voeding. While both translate to food or nutrition, voeding emphasizes the process of nourishing or the nutritional value itself, whereas voedsel refers to the physical substance. For example, baby formula is called babyvoeding, not babyvoedsel.

Goede voeding is essentieel voor sporters die willen presteren.

Pronunciation Mistake
English speakers often mispronounce the 'v' in voedsel as an English 'v', whereas in Dutch it often sounds closer to an 'f'.

De kwaliteit van het voedsel wordt streng gecontroleerd door de autoriteiten.

By being aware of these common pitfalls—especially the strict separation between eten for meals and voedsel for sustenance—you will sound much more natural and precise when speaking or writing in Dutch.
The Dutch language has several words that translate to food, nutrition, or meals, and understanding the nuances between them is essential for fluency. The most direct alternative, and the one you will use most often in daily life, is eten. Eten functions as both a verb (to eat) and a noun (the food/the meal). When you are talking about breakfast, lunch, dinner, or snacks that you enjoy, eten is the correct word.
Eten vs Voedsel
Eten is conversational and focuses on the experience of eating. Voedsel is formal and focuses on the substance.

Het eten is klaar, we kunnen aan tafel gaan!

Another highly related word is voeding. Voeding translates to nutrition, nourishment, or sometimes food in the context of a diet. It emphasizes the nutritional value and the biological process of feeding. For instance, if you are discussing a healthy diet, you would talk about gezonde voeding. Baby food is called babyvoeding, and animal feed is often called diervoeding.

De diëtist gaf mij advies over mijn dagelijkse voeding.

A more formal and specific alternative is voedingsmiddelen. This translates to foodstuffs or food products. It is used extensively in retail, logistics, and legal contexts to refer to items of food that are bought and sold. When you read a report about the supermarket industry, they will talk about the verkoop van voedingsmiddelen (sale of food products).
Voedingsmiddelen
Use this word when you need a plural form to describe various food products in a commercial context.

De prijzen van voedingsmiddelen zijn de afgelopen maanden sterk gestegen.

For a more colloquial term, you might hear the word vreten. This is a very informal, sometimes vulgar word for food, derived from the verb vreten, which means to eat like an animal or to gorge oneself. You might hear teenagers or friends say 'Laten we wat vreten halen' (Let's get some grub/chow). It should be avoided in formal or polite company.

Na het uitgaan hadden we enorme zin in vet vreten.

Kost
An old-fashioned word meaning fare or food, often used in expressions like 'Hollandse pot' or 'zware kost' (heavy food/difficult subject).

Gekookte aardappelen met vlees is typisch Nederlandse kost.

Understanding these alternatives allows you to navigate everything from a casual dinner party to reading a scientific journal on nutrition. While voedsel is your go-to word for formal and conceptual discussions about sustenance, having eten, voeding, and voedingsmiddelen in your vocabulary arsenal ensures you can express yourself accurately in any situation.
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수준별 예문

1

Het voedsel is voor de kat.

The food is for the cat.

Uses 'het' because it is a neuter noun.

2

Waar is het voedsel?

Where is the food?

Basic question structure with the verb 'zijn'.

3

Dieren hebben voedsel nodig.

Animals need food.

'Nodig hebben' means to need.

4

Ik koop voedsel in de winkel.

I buy food in the store.

Present tense of 'kopen'.

5

Is dit voedsel gezond?

Is this food healthy?

Adjective 'gezond' used as a predicative adjective.

6

Wij hebben geen voedsel.

We have no food.

Use 'geen' to negate an uncountable noun.

7

Het voedsel is koud.

The food is cold.

Simple descriptive sentence.

8

Zij zoekt voedsel.

She is looking for food.

Verb 'zoeken' used with a direct object.

1

De voedselbank helpt arme mensen.

The food bank helps poor people.

Compound noun 'voedselbank'.

2

Gezond voedsel is belangrijk voor kinderen.

Healthy food is important for children.

Adjective 'gezond' without an 'e' because 'voedsel' is a neuter, uncountable noun.

3

We moeten meer voedsel kopen voor het feest.

We need to buy more food for the party.

Use of modal verb 'moeten'.

4

Het voedsel in dit land is erg duur.

The food in this country is very expensive.

Prepositional phrase 'in dit land'.

5

Vogels zoeken voedsel in de winter.

Birds look for food in the winter.

Time expression 'in de winter'.

6

Gooi dat voedsel niet weg!

Do not throw that food away!

Imperative form of the separable verb 'weggooien'.

7

Er is genoeg voedsel voor iedereen.

There is enough food for everyone.

Use of 'er is' to state existence.

8

Zij kookt voedsel voor de honden.

She cooks food for the dogs.

Preposition 'voor'.

1

Voedselverspilling is een groot probleem in onze maatschappij.

Food waste is a big problem in our society.

Compound noun 'voedselverspilling' as the subject.

2

De overheid controleert de veiligheid van het voedsel streng.

The government strictly controls the safety of the food.

Adverb 'streng' modifying the verb 'controleert'.

3

Tijdens de crisis was er een tekort aan voedsel.

During the crisis, there was a shortage of food.

Fixed prepositional phrase 'een tekort aan'.

4

Veel mensen doneren wekelijks voedsel aan de voedselbank.

Many people donate food weekly to the food bank.

Verb 'doneren' with direct and indirect objects.

5

Biologisch voedsel wordt verbouwd zonder chemische bestrijdingsmiddelen.

Organic food is grown without chemical pesticides.

Passive voice 'wordt verbouwd'.

6

Het is belangrijk dat we lokaal geproduceerd voedsel eten.

It is important that we eat locally produced food.

Subordinate clause introduced by 'dat'.

7

Door de droogte is de productie van voedsel gedaald.

Due to the drought, the production of food has decreased.

Present perfect tense 'is gedaald'.

8

Hij heeft een ernstige voedselallergie voor noten.

He has a severe food allergy to nuts.

Compound noun 'voedselallergie'.

1

De wereldwijde voedselketen is kwetsbaar voor klimaatverandering.

The global food chain is vulnerable to climate change.

Adjective 'wereldwijde' modifying the compound noun 'voedselketen'.

2

Nieuwe technologieën kunnen helpen om de voedselzekerheid te vergroten.

New technologies can help to increase food security.

Infinitive clause 'om ... te vergroten'.

3

De consument is zich steeds meer bewust van de herkomst van zijn voedsel.

The consumer is increasingly aware of the origin of his food.

Reflexive expression 'zich bewust zijn van'.

4

Genetisch gemodificeerd voedsel roept veel ethische vragen op.

Genetically modified food raises many ethical questions.

Separable verb 'oproepen' in a main clause.

5

De distributie van voedsel naar rampgebieden verloopt vaak moeizaam.

The distribution of food to disaster areas often proceeds with difficulty.

Complex subject 'De distributie van voedsel naar rampgebieden'.

6

Men streeft naar een circulaire economie waarin voedselafval wordt hergebruikt.

One strives for a circular economy in which food waste is reused.

Relative clause with preposition 'waarin'.

7

De voedsel- en warenautoriteit heeft de fabriek per direct gesloten.

The food and consumer product safety authority has closed the factory immediately.

Official institution name 'voedsel- en warenautoriteit'.

8

Een plantaardig dieet vereist minder landbouwgrond voor de productie van voedsel.

A plant-based diet requires less agricultural land for the production of food.

Formal verb 'vereist'.

1

De transitie naar een duurzaam voedselsysteem is onvermijdelijk om ecologische ineenstorting te voorkomen.

The transition to a sustainable food system is inevitable to prevent ecological collapse.

Complex sentence structure with abstract nouns.

2

Voedselsoevereiniteit stelt lokale gemeenschappen in staat hun eigen landbouwbeleid te bepalen.

Food sovereignty enables local communities to determine their own agricultural policy.

Expression 'in staat stellen' used with an infinitive clause.

3

De geopolitieke implicaties van voedselschaarste kunnen leiden tot grootschalige migratiestromen.

The geopolitical implications of food scarcity can lead to large-scale migration flows.

Academic vocabulary 'geopolitieke implicaties'.

4

Het rapport bekritiseert de monopoliepositie van multinationals in de mondiale voedselvoorziening.

The report criticizes the monopoly position of multinationals in the global food supply.

Formal verb 'bekritiseert' and compound noun 'voedselvoorziening'.

5

Innovaties in kweekvlees zouden een revolutie teweeg kunnen brengen in onze voedselconsumptie.

Innovations in cultured meat could bring about a revolution in our food consumption.

Conditional perfect construction 'zouden ... teweeg kunnen brengen'.

6

De wetgeving omtrent voedseladditieven is binnen de Europese Unie streng geharmoniseerd.

The legislation regarding food additives is strictly harmonized within the European Union.

Passive voice with past participle 'geharmoniseerd'.

7

Tijdens het symposium werd gedebatteerd over de ethiek van speculatie met voedselprijzen.

During the symposium, the ethics of speculating with food prices were debated.

Impersonal passive 'werd gedebatteerd'.

8

Het is een illusie te denken dat technologische oplossingen alleen de voedselcrisis kunnen bezweren.

It is an illusion to think that technological solutions alone can avert the food crisis.

Formal verb 'bezweren' used in an abstract context.

1

De roman gebruikt de aanhoudende voedselschaarste als een allegorie voor moreel verval.

The novel uses the persistent food scarcity as an allegory for moral decay.

Literary analysis terminology 'allegorie voor'.

2

Zijn betoog vormde uitstekend voedsel voor de geest tijdens de urenlange conferentie.

His argument provided excellent food for thought during the hours-long conference.

Idiomatic expression 'voedsel voor de geest'.

3

De symbiotische relatie tussen de schimmels en de boomwortels optimaliseert de voedselopname.

The symbiotic relationship between the fungi and the tree roots optimizes food absorption.

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