Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
These verbs change their root entirely in the past tense and never use accent marks on their endings.
- U-stem verbs (tener, estar, poder) change to 'uv' roots: tuve, estuviste, pudo.
- I-stem verbs (hacer, querer, venir) change to 'i' roots: hice, quisiste, vino.
- J-stem verbs (decir, traer, -ducir) change to 'j' roots and drop the 'i' in the 3rd person plural: dijeron.
Overview
How This Grammar Works
UV, U, I 또는 J와 같은 비밀 코드처럼 어떻게 변하는지에 따라 그룹화됩니다.
Formation Pattern
When To Use It
Common Mistakes
yo hice이지 yo hicé가 아닙니다. dijeron과 같은 J-어간에 'i'를 추가하지 마세요.Contrast With Similar Patterns
Quick FAQ
어간? A: 네, tuv-나 pud-와 같은 새로운 어간을 익히세요.
Irregular Preterite Endings
| Person | U-Stem (Tener) | I-Stem (Hacer) | J-Stem (Decir) |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Yo
|
Tuve
|
Hice
|
Dije
|
|
Tú
|
Tuviste
|
Hiciste
|
Dijiste
|
|
Él/Ella
|
Tuvo
|
Hizo
|
Dijo
|
|
Nosotros
|
Tuvimos
|
Hicimos
|
Dijimos
|
|
Vosotros
|
Tuvisteis
|
Hicisteis
|
Dijisteis
|
|
Ellos
|
Tuvieron
|
Hicieron
|
Dijeron
|
Meanings
These verbs describe completed actions in the past where the root of the verb changes unpredictably.
Completed action
An action that happened once and finished.
“Hice la cena.”
“Ella vino a mi casa.”
Reference Table
| 부정사 | 불규칙 어간 | Yo 형태 | Ellos/Uds. 형태 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Tener
|
tuv-
|
tuve
|
tuvieron
|
|
Hacer
|
hic- (hiz-)
|
hice
|
hicieron
|
|
Decir
|
dij-
|
dije
|
dijeron
|
|
Poder
|
pud-
|
pude
|
pudieron
|
|
Estar
|
estuv-
|
estuve
|
estuvieron
|
|
Poner
|
pus-
|
puse
|
pusieron
|
|
Saber
|
sup-
|
supe
|
supieron
|
격식 수준 스펙트럼
Tuve una reunión. (Work)
Tuve una reunión. (Work)
Tuve una reunión. (Work)
Tuve un junte. (Work)
불규칙 과거형 어간 그룹
UV-그룹
- tuv- 가지다
- estuv- 있다
J-그룹
- dij- 말하다
- traj- 가져오다
U-그룹
- pud- 할 수 있다
- pus- 놓다
I-그룹
- hic- 하다/만들다
- vin- 오다
규칙 vs. 불규칙 어미
어간 선택하기
'ir' 또는 'ser'인가요?
'-ducir'로 끝나나요?
초불규칙 동사
똑같은 쌍둥이
- • Ser (fui)
- • Ir (fui)
미니 동사
- • Dar (di)
- • Ver (vi)
수준별 예문
Yo tuve un perro.
I had a dog.
Hice la tarea.
I did the homework.
Ella vino ayer.
She came yesterday.
No dije nada.
I didn't say anything.
¿Tuviste un buen día?
Did you have a good day?
Ellos hicieron una fiesta.
They had a party.
Traje comida para todos.
I brought food for everyone.
Quise ir al cine.
I wanted to go to the cinema.
Dijeron que vendrían pronto.
They said they would come soon.
Pude terminar el trabajo.
I was able to finish the work.
Estuvimos en Madrid.
We were in Madrid.
No quisieron hablar.
They didn't want to talk.
Produjeron un informe excelente.
They produced an excellent report.
Me dijeron que no era posible.
They told me it wasn't possible.
Tuve que cancelar la reunión.
I had to cancel the meeting.
Vinieron a visitarnos inesperadamente.
They came to visit us unexpectedly.
La empresa tradujo el documento.
The company translated the document.
Condujeron con precaución.
They drove with caution.
No supieron cómo reaccionar.
They didn't know how to react.
Sostuvieron su postura hasta el final.
They maintained their position until the end.
Atrajeron la atención de todos.
They attracted everyone's attention.
Introdujeron cambios significativos.
They introduced significant changes.
Previnieron el desastre.
They prevented the disaster.
Detuvieron al sospechoso.
They detained the suspect.
혼동하기 쉬운
Learners try to apply regular endings to irregular stems.
Both describe the past.
Mixing up the endings.
자주 하는 실수
hicé
hice
tuví
tuve
dijieron
dijeron
hacieron
hicieron
querieron
quisieron
vinieron
vinieron
estuvó
estuvo
traducieron
tradujeron
supieron
supieron
traieron
trajeron
conducieron
condujeron
introducí
introduje
produció
produjo
detuvieron
detuvieron
문장 패턴
Yo ___ (hacer) ___.
Ellos ___ (decir) que ___.
Nosotros ___ (tener) ___.
Tú ___ (querer) ___.
Real World Usage
¡Hice la tarea!
Tuve experiencia en ventas.
Dijeron que es el mejor lugar.
Traje mi pasaporte.
Pude pedir comida.
Le dije que no puedo ir.
악센트 금지 규칙!
yo hice가 맞고, yo hicé는 틀려요.'Hizo'의 특별한 철자 변화
Él hizo처럼요. 부드러운 's' 소리를 유지하기 위해서예요.'Fui': '있다'일까, '가다'일까?
fui a...는 항상 '나는 ~에 갔다'는 뜻이에요. Yo fui a Madrid.문맥으로 'ser'인지 'ir'인지 알 수 있어요.
Smart Tips
Check for accent marks and remove them.
Focus on the stem first.
Remember the 'i' drop.
Change the stem to 'hic'.
발음
Stress
The stress falls on the stem, not the ending.
Statement
Yo TU-ve. ↘
Finality
암기하기
기억법
Think of the 'U-I-J' trio: U-stems are 'uv', I-stems are 'i', J-stems are 'j'.
시각적 연상
Imagine a giant 'U' shaped magnet pulling 'uv' verbs, an 'I' beam for 'i' verbs, and a 'J' hook for 'j' verbs.
Rhyme
No accents here, just stems and endings clear!
Story
Yesterday, I had (tuve) a busy day. I did (hice) my work, I wanted (quise) to sleep, but my friend came (vino) and told (dijo) me a secret.
Word Web
챌린지
Write 5 sentences about your yesterday using one verb from each category.
문화 노트
These verbs are used constantly in daily life.
The 'vosotros' form is used frequently.
The 'vos' form is common, but these irregulars stay the same.
These verbs come from Latin irregulars that maintained their stem changes through centuries of evolution.
대화 시작하기
¿Qué hiciste el fin de semana?
¿Tuviste mucho trabajo ayer?
¿Qué te dijeron tus amigos?
¿Pudiste terminar el proyecto?
일기 주제
자주 하는 실수
Test Yourself
Ayer yo ___ que ir al médico.
Choose the correct past tense sentence:
Find and fix the mistake:
Yo hice la tarea ayer.
Score: /3
연습 문제
8 exercisesYo ___ un perro.
Ellos ___ la cena.
Find and fix the mistake:
Yo hicé la tarea.
Yo digo la verdad.
Tener -> ?
yo / tener / un / problema
Ellos ___.
True or False?
Score: /8
Practice Bank
9 exercisesÉl ___ mucho ejercicio ayer.
Ayer / ellos / pudieron / no / venir.
I was (estuve) in the city.
Match the verbs.
¿Por qué no ___ a la fiesta?
Yo ___ ir al cine.
Ellos supieron la verdad.
Nosotros ___ las bebidas.
Choose the pair with identical forms:
Score: /9
자주 묻는 질문 (8)
They evolved from Latin irregulars and kept their unique stems.
Yes, they are the most common verbs in Spanish.
No, never.
Drop the 'i' in the 3rd person plural.
Yes, they are standard.
To maintain the 's' sound before 'e'.
No, the forms are the same.
Use them in daily journals.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Passé composé
Spanish changes the verb itself; French adds a helper.
Präteritum
German stem changes are vowel-based; Spanish are consonant-based.
Ta-form
Japanese doesn't change the verb root.
Past tense conjugation
Arabic roots are usually triconsonantal.
Le particle
Chinese verbs do not conjugate.
Pretérito
None.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
관련 동영상
08:48 SEARCHING PEOPLE WITH TALENT IN CHATROULETTE
09:49 A NEW RUBIUS
Past Tense Verbs Pt.1 (Hacer, Querer & Venir) | The Language Tutor *Lesson 44*
The Language Tutor - Spanish
Past Tense Verbs Pt.2 (Estar, Andar & Tener) | The Language Tutor *Lesson 45*
The Language Tutor - Spanish
Spanish Preterite: Master The Simple Past Tense
BaseLang
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