niski 30초 만에
- Niski: short, low.
- Describes height, level, price.
- Changes form based on noun.
- Common in everyday Polish.
- Core Meaning
- The Polish adjective 'niski' translates to 'low' or 'short' in English. It is used to describe things that have little height or are situated at a small distance from a base or ground level.
- Physical Dimension
- When referring to physical objects or beings, 'niski' describes a lack of height. This can apply to people, animals, buildings, furniture, or even natural features like hills.
- Level or Position
- Beyond physical height, 'niski' can also describe a low level or position. This can be literal, such as a low shelf or a low-lying area, or more abstract, like a low price or a low score.
- Abstract Concepts
- In abstract terms, 'niski' can denote a low quality, a low degree, or a low value. For example, 'niska jakość' means 'low quality', and 'niska cena' means 'low price'.
- Common Usage
- It is a very common adjective used in everyday Polish conversation. You'll hear it when describing people's stature, the height of objects, the level of something, or its value.
Ten mężczyzna jest niski.
Mam niski stolik.
Cena jest niska.
- Describing People
- 'Niski' is commonly used to describe a person's physical stature. It is important to use the correct gender agreement. For a male person, it's 'niski'. For a female person, it's 'niska'. For children, the form will also agree with their gender.
- Describing Objects
- When describing the height of inanimate objects, 'niski' agrees with the gender of the noun. For example, a 'niski stół' (low table - masculine), a 'niska półka' (low shelf - feminine), or a 'nisko drzewo' (short tree - neuter).
- Describing Levels and Positions
- 'Niski' can indicate a low position or level. This could be a 'niski poziom wody' (low water level - masculine) or a 'niski punkt' (low point - masculine). It can also refer to a low altitude or a low position on a surface.
- Describing Abstract Concepts
- In abstract contexts, 'niski' describes something that is of low quantity, quality, or value. Examples include 'niska cena' (low price - feminine), 'niska jakość' (low quality - feminine), 'niski wskaźnik' (low indicator - masculine), or 'niski wynik' (low score - masculine).
- Using with Verbs
- 'Niski' can be used predicatively with verbs like 'być' (to be) or 'wydawać się' (to seem). For instance, 'Ten dom jest niski' (This house is low) or 'Jego głos wydaje się niski' (His voice seems low).
On jest niski jak na koszykarza.
Ta półka jest za niska dla mnie.
Musimy obniżyć niski poziom hałasu.
- Everyday Conversations
- You will hear 'niski' constantly in everyday Polish conversations. When people talk about their height, the height of furniture, or even the weather (e.g., 'niska temperatura' - low temperature), this word is very common.
- Shopping and Prices
- When discussing prices, 'niski' is used frequently. Salespeople might advertise 'niska cena' (low price), or customers might inquire about 'niski koszt' (low cost).
- Describing People and Animals
- When people are describing individuals or animals, 'niski' is used to denote their stature. For instance, 'Mój pies jest bardzo niski' (My dog is very short) or 'To jest niski człowiek' (This is a short person).
- Real Estate and Architecture
- In discussions about buildings, rooms, or other structures, 'niski' might describe ceiling height ('niski sufit' - low ceiling) or the overall height of a building.
- Sports and Activities
- In sports, especially those where height is a factor like basketball, 'niski' might be used to describe a player's stature. It can also refer to low jumps or low scores.
Widziałem niskiego psa na ulicy.
Ten sklep oferuje niskie ceny.
Jego pokój ma bardzo niski sufit.
- Gender Agreement
- The most frequent mistake for learners is failing to correctly adjust the ending of 'niski' to match the gender of the noun it modifies. For instance, saying 'niski kobieta' instead of 'niska kobieta' (short woman).
- Case Agreement
- Beyond gender, Polish adjectives must also agree in case. Learners might use the nominative form ('niski') in situations where another case is required, such as in prepositional phrases or after certain verbs. For example, using 'niski' when 'niskim' (instrumental) or 'niskiego' (genitive) is needed.
- Confusing with 'Mały'
- Sometimes learners might confuse 'niski' (low/short) with 'mały' (small). While they can overlap, 'niski' specifically refers to height or level, whereas 'mały' is a more general term for size. For example, a small dog might be 'mały pies', but if it's also short in stature, it could be 'niski pies'.
- Overuse or Underuse
- Some learners might overuse 'niski' when a more specific adjective would be better, or conversely, underuse it and miss opportunities to describe height or level accurately.
- Abstract vs. Concrete
- A less common but possible mistake is misapplying 'niski' in abstract contexts where it doesn't fit naturally, or failing to use it where it would be appropriate, such as in describing low prices or qualities.
Błąd: To jest niski kobieta.
Błąd: Szukam niski ceny.
- 'Mały' (Small)
- 'Mały' is a general term for 'small'. While a short person is 'niski', a small person might also be described as 'mały', especially if referring to their overall build. 'Mały' can also mean young. 'Niski' specifically refers to height or level.
- 'Krótki' (Short - for duration or length)
- 'Krótki' means 'short' but is typically used for time duration ('krótki czas' - short time) or linear length ('krótka droga' - short road/path). It's not used for physical height of people or objects in the same way 'niski' is.
- 'Niskopoziomowy' (Low-level)
- This is a more specific term, often used in technical or abstract contexts, meaning 'low-level'. For example, 'niski poziom wody' (low water level) uses 'niski', but 'niski poziom edukacji' (low level of education) might be expressed more formally with 'niski' or related terms.
- 'Podstawowy' (Basic/Fundamental)
- While not a direct synonym, 'podstawowy' can sometimes be related when discussing 'low' levels of something, like 'podstawowa wiedza' (basic knowledge) which implies a lower level compared to advanced knowledge.
- 'Tani' (Cheap)
- When referring to prices, 'niska cena' (low price) is very common. However, 'tani' is a direct synonym for 'cheap'. While a low price is often cheap, 'niski' can also refer to a price that is not necessarily cheap but is lower than expected or compared to others.
Niski vs. Mały: On jest niski.
Niski vs. Krótki: To jest niski dom.
Niski vs. Tani: To jest niska cena.
How Formal Is It?
재미있는 사실
The root of 'niski' is also found in words like 'nizina' (lowland) and 'nizko' (lowly/lowly adverb). It's a fundamental concept tied to spatial orientation in the Slavic languages.
발음 가이드
- Pronouncing the 'n' as a hard 'n'.
- Pronouncing the final 'i' as a long 'ee'.
- Incorrect stress placement.
난이도
At A1/A2 levels, 'niski' is straightforward when used in concrete contexts. Learners might struggle with its various inflected forms and abstract uses as they progress.
Requires careful attention to gender, number, and case agreement, which can be challenging for learners. Abstract usage also requires more advanced vocabulary.
Pronunciation is relatively simple, but correct usage in spontaneous speech depends on mastering grammatical agreement and context.
Generally easy to understand in context, especially when referring to physical height. Abstract uses might require more contextual clues.
다음에 무엇을 배울까
선수 학습
다음에 배울 것
고급
알아야 할 문법
Gender Agreement of Adjectives
'Niski' changes to 'niska' for feminine nouns (e.g., 'niska półka') and 'nisko' for neuter nouns (e.g., 'nisko drzewo').
Plural Forms of Adjectives
For plural nouns, it becomes 'niscy' (masculine) or 'niskie' (feminine/neuter), e.g., 'niscy ludzie', 'niskie budynki'.
Adjective Cases
In accusative case, 'niski' becomes 'niskiego' (masc. animate) or 'niskiego' (masc. inanimate), 'niską' (fem.), 'nisko' (neuter), e.g., 'widzę niskiego psa', 'widzę niską kobietę'.
Comparative and Superlative Degrees
'Niski' forms its comparative as 'niższy' and superlative as 'najniższy'. These also inflect for gender, number, and case.
Adverbial Form
The adverbial form is 'nisko', meaning 'lowly' or 'at a low level', e.g., 'Ptak leciał nisko'.
수준별 예문
To jest niski dom.
This is a low house.
Masculine noun 'dom' takes the masculine adjective form 'niski'.
On jest niski człowiek.
He is a short person.
Masculine noun 'człowiek' takes the masculine adjective form 'niski'.
Mam niski stół.
I have a low table.
Masculine noun 'stół' takes the masculine adjective form 'niski'.
To nisko drzewo.
This is a short tree.
Neuter noun 'drzewo' takes the neuter adjective form 'nisko'.
Ona jest niska dziewczynka.
She is a short girl.
Feminine noun 'dziewczynka' takes the feminine adjective form 'niska'.
Widzę niski płot.
I see a low fence.
Masculine noun 'płot' takes the masculine adjective form 'niski'.
On ma niski głos.
He has a low voice.
Masculine noun 'głos' takes the masculine adjective form 'niski'.
Ta półka jest niska.
This shelf is low.
Feminine noun 'półka' takes the feminine adjective form 'niska'.
Oni są niscy ludzie.
They are short people.
Plural masculine noun 'ludzie' takes the plural masculine adjective form 'niscy'.
Ta temperatura jest za niska.
This temperature is too low.
Feminine noun 'temperatura' takes the feminine adjective form 'niska'.
Muszę kupić niższy krzesło.
I need to buy a lower chair.
Comparative form 'niższy' used with masculine noun 'krzesło'.
Widziałem niskie budynki.
I saw low buildings.
Plural noun 'budynki' takes the plural adjective form 'niskie'.
Jego pensja jest niska.
His salary is low.
Feminine noun 'pensja' takes the feminine adjective form 'niska'.
Zbudowaliśmy niski most.
We built a low bridge.
Masculine noun 'most' takes the masculine adjective form 'niski'.
W pokoju jest nisko światło.
There is a low light in the room.
Neuter noun 'światło' takes the neuter adjective form 'nisko'.
To jest niska jakość.
This is low quality.
Feminine noun 'jakość' takes the feminine adjective form 'niska'.
Ten artysta jest znany z tworzenia niskich rzeźb.
This artist is known for creating low sculptures.
Genitive plural noun 'rzeźb' requires the genitive plural adjective form 'niskich'.
Obniżyliśmy niski poziom wody w basenie.
We lowered the low water level in the pool.
Accusative singular masculine noun 'poziom' takes the accusative singular masculine adjective form 'niski'.
Szukamy najniższej ceny na rynku.
We are looking for the lowest price on the market.
Superlative form 'najniższej' used with feminine genitive noun 'ceny'.
Jego prognozy okazały się zbyt niskie.
His forecasts turned out to be too low.
Plural predicate adjective 'zbyt niskie' agrees with implied plural subject (forecasts).
Czy możesz podać mi niski stołek?
Can you give me a low stool?
Accusative singular masculine noun 'stołek' takes the accusative singular masculine adjective form 'niski'.
Mamy niski wskaźnik sukcesu.
We have a low success rate.
Masculine noun 'wskaźnik' takes the masculine adjective form 'niski'.
Ten budynek ma niski dach.
This building has a low roof.
Masculine noun 'dach' takes the masculine adjective form 'niski'.
Jego odpowiedź była niezbyt wysoka, ale też nie niska.
His answer was not very high, but also not low.
Predicate adjective 'niska' agrees with feminine implied subject (odpowiedź - answer).
Rząd wprowadził politykę mającą na celu obniżenie niskiego poziomu bezrobocia.
The government introduced a policy aimed at lowering the low unemployment rate.
Genitive singular masculine noun 'poziomu' requires the genitive singular masculine adjective form 'niskiego'.
Wśród młodych ludzi obserwuje się niski poziom zaufania do instytucji.
Among young people, a low level of trust in institutions is observed.
Masculine noun 'poziom' takes the masculine adjective form 'niski'.
Jego interpretacja była zaskakująco niska w porównaniu do oczekiwań.
His interpretation was surprisingly low compared to expectations.
Predicate adjective 'niska' agrees with feminine implied subject (interpretacja - interpretation).
Stworzono niższe od oczekiwanych koszty produkcji.
Lower than expected production costs were created.
Comparative adjective 'niższe' agrees with plural noun 'koszty' (costs).
Ten gatunek ptaków jest znany z budowania niskich gniazd.
This species of bird is known for building low nests.
Genitive plural noun 'gniazd' requires the genitive plural adjective form 'niskich'.
Analiza wykazała niski poziom zaangażowania użytkowników.
The analysis showed a low level of user engagement.
Masculine noun 'poziom' takes the masculine adjective form 'niski'.
Cena tego produktu jest najniższa na rynku.
The price of this product is the lowest on the market.
Superlative adjective 'najniższa' agrees with feminine noun 'cena' (price).
Wielu studentów narzeka na niski poziom nauczania.
Many students complain about the low level of teaching.
Masculine noun 'poziom' takes the masculine adjective form 'niski'.
Społeczeństwo boryka się z problemem niskiego kapitału społecznego.
Society struggles with the problem of low social capital.
Genitive singular masculine noun 'kapitału' requires the genitive singular masculine adjective form 'niskiego'.
Jego twórczość charakteryzuje się niska perspektywą tematyczną.
His work is characterized by a low thematic perspective.
Feminine noun 'perspektywa' takes the feminine adjective form 'niska'.
Pomimo starań, wskaźniki ekonomiczne pozostają na niepokojąco niskim poziomie.
Despite efforts, economic indicators remain at a disturbingly low level.
Locative singular masculine noun 'poziomie' requires the locative singular masculine adjective form 'niskim'.
Analiza krytyczna wykazała nieco niższy poziom artystyczny niż w poprzednich dziełach.
The critical analysis revealed a slightly lower artistic level than in previous works.
Comparative adjective 'niższy' used with masculine noun 'poziom' (level).
Tradycyjne metody produkcji często wiążą się z niski wydajnością.
Traditional production methods are often associated with low efficiency.
Instrumental singular feminine noun 'wydajnością' requires the instrumental singular feminine adjective form 'niską'.
Jego poglądy polityczne były postrzegane jako bardzo nisko w hierarchii akceptowalności.
His political views were perceived as very low in the hierarchy of acceptability.
Predicate adjective 'nisko' agrees with neuter implied subject (poglądy - views, treated as a collective concept).
Badania sugerują niezwykle niski odsetek sukcesu w tej dziedzinie.
Studies suggest an extremely low success rate in this field.
Masculine noun 'odsetek' takes the masculine adjective form 'niski'.
Wielu krytyków doceniło śmiało niski profil społeczny postaci.
Many critics appreciated the boldly low social profile of the character.
Masculine noun 'profil' takes the masculine adjective form 'niski'.
Konsekwencją tego zjawiska jest systematyczne obniżanie poziomu aspiracji jednostek.
A consequence of this phenomenon is the systematic lowering of individuals' aspiration levels.
This sentence uses 'niski' indirectly through related concepts. The focus is on the effect of 'lowering'. 'Niski' would be implicitly understood as the state being achieved.
Jego refleksje nad kondycją ludzką oscylują w sferach nisko cenionych przez mainstream.
His reflections on the human condition oscillate in spheres of low value to the mainstream.
The adjective 'nisko' functions adverbially here, modifying 'cenionych' (valued), indicating 'lowly valued' or 'valued little'.
W kontekście globalnej nierówności, przychody najbiedniejszych warstw społecznych stanowią ułamek w porównaniu do najbogatszych, co potwierdza istnienie ekstremalnie niskich dochodów.
In the context of global inequality, the incomes of the poorest social strata constitute a fraction compared to the richest, which confirms the existence of extremely low incomes.
Genitive plural noun 'dochodów' requires the genitive plural adjective form 'niskich'.
Jego krytyka tradycyjnych form sztuki często przyjmowała formę ironicznej dekonstrukcji, podkreślając ich rzekomy niski poziom estetyczny.
His critique of traditional art forms often took the form of ironic deconstruction, emphasizing their supposed low aesthetic level.
Masculine noun 'poziom' takes the masculine adjective form 'niski'.
Wielu analistów prognozuje dalsze spadki na rynkach finansowych, co oznacza potencjalnie bardzo niski poziom wartości akcji.
Many analysts predict further declines in financial markets, which potentially means a very low level of stock value.
Masculine noun 'poziom' takes the masculine adjective form 'niski'.
Ta metafora, choć niepozorna, sugeruje głęboko zakorzeniony niski poziom samoświadomości u podmiotu.
This metaphor, though seemingly insignificant, suggests a deeply rooted low level of self-awareness in the subject.
Masculine noun 'poziom' takes the masculine adjective form 'niski'.
Jego analiza społeczna wskazuje na istnienie systemowej dyskryminacji, co przejawia się również w jego ocenie bardzo niskiego poziomu mobilności społecznej.
His social analysis points to the existence of systemic discrimination, which also manifests in his assessment of a very low level of social mobility.
Genitive singular masculine noun 'poziomu' requires the genitive singular masculine adjective form 'niskiego'.
Ten eksperyment miał na celu zbadać wpływ ekstremalnie niskich temperatur na zachowanie organizmu.
This experiment aimed to study the effect of extremely low temperatures on the organism's behavior.
Genitive plural noun 'temperatur' requires the genitive plural adjective form 'niskich'.
자주 쓰는 조합
자주 쓰는 구문
— Low price, high quality.
Idealne połączenie: niska cena, wysoka jakość.
자주 혼동되는 단어
'Mały' means 'small' in a general sense, while 'niski' specifically refers to height or level. A short person is 'niski', but a small person could be 'mały' or 'niski'.
'Krótki' means 'short' in terms of duration or linear length, not physical height.
'Tani' means 'cheap'. 'Niska cena' (low price) is often cheap, but 'niski' can also refer to a price that is simply not high.
관용어 및 표현
— To have low ambitions or expectations; to aim for something easily achievable.
Nie chcę mieć nisko zawieszonego lotu, chcę osiągnąć sukces.
Figurative— Operating at a low level of energy or activity; feeling tired or unmotivated.
Dzisiaj jestem na niskich obrotach, nie mam siły na nic.
Figurative— To have fallen morally or socially; to be of low character or reputation.
Jego czyny sprawiły, że był nisko upadłym człowiekiem.
Figurative/Negative— A silly or poorly executed trick or deception; a sham.
To była tylko niska szopka, żeby nas oszukać.
Informal/Negative— To maintain a low public profile; to avoid attention or publicity.
Po skandalu postanowił prowadzić niski profil.
Neutral/Figurative— Lack of knowledge; ignorance.
Jego wypowiedź świadczyła o niskiej wiedzy na ten temat.
Figurative/Negative— A low standard of living or quality.
W tym regionie panuje niski standard życia.
Figurative/Negative— To have low aspirations or be unambitious (similar to 'nisko zawieszony lot').
Nie chcę nisko latać, chcę zdobyć świat.
Figurative— A low ceiling or limit, often figurative for potential or achievement.
Jego możliwości wydawały się mieć niski pułap.
Figurative혼동하기 쉬운
They are direct antonyms and describe the same dimension (height/level).
'Niski' means short/low, while 'wysoki' means tall/high. They are opposites. For example, a 'niski budynek' (low building) contrasts with a 'wysoki budynek' (tall building).
Ten człowiek jest niski. Tamten człowiek jest wysoki.
Both can describe size, but 'niski' is specific to height.
'Niski' refers specifically to height or level. 'Mały' refers to overall size or smallness. A short person is 'niski', but a person who is generally small in build might be described as 'mały'.
Mam małą torebkę (small handbag), ale niski stolik (low table).
Both translate to 'short' in English.
'Niski' is used for height (people, buildings). 'Krótki' is used for duration (time) or linear length (roads, hair).
On jest niski (He is short - height). Ten film jest krótki (This film is short - duration).
They share the same root and are closely related.
'Niski' is an adjective describing a noun (e.g., 'niski dom' - low house). 'Nisko' is an adverb describing a verb or adjective, meaning 'lowly' or 'at a low level' (e.g., 'Siedzi nisko' - He sits low; 'Lotnisko jest nisko' - The airport is low).
Mam niski stół (adjective). On siedzi nisko (adverb).
Often used in similar contexts of price.
'Niska cena' means 'low price', which often implies 'tani' (cheap). However, 'niski' can refer to a price that is simply not high, while 'tani' specifically means inexpensive or cheap.
Kupiłem tani chleb (cheap bread). Ta cena jest niska (This price is low).
문장 패턴
To jest [niski/niska/nisko] [noun].
To jest niski stół.
On/Ona jest [niski/niska].
On jest niski.
Mam [niski/niska/nisko] [noun].
Mam niski głos.
[Noun] jest [za/bardzo] [niski/niska/nisko].
Ten dom jest za niski.
Szukam [niski/niska/nisko] [noun] w [case].
Szukam niskiej ceny.
[Noun] ma [niski/niska/nisko] [noun].
Budynek ma niski sufit.
Poziom [noun] jest [bardzo/zbyt] [niski/niska/nisko].
Poziom bezrobocia jest bardzo niski.
Porównanie: [Noun] jest [niższy/niższa/niższe] niż [Noun].
Ten budynek jest niższy niż tamten.
어휘 가족
명사
형용사
관련
사용법
Very High
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Using 'niski' for feminine nouns.
→
niska
Polish adjectives must agree in gender with the noun. For feminine nouns like 'kobieta' (woman) or 'cena' (price), the adjective form is 'niska'. Example: 'Niska kobieta', 'Niska cena'.
-
Confusing 'niski' (height) with 'krótki' (duration/length).
→
Niski for height, krótki for time/length.
'Niski' describes physical height (e.g., 'niski człowiek' - short person). 'Krótki' describes duration or linear length (e.g., 'krótki film' - short film; 'krótka droga' - short road).
-
Not changing the ending for plural nouns.
→
niscy / niskie
When referring to multiple items, the adjective form changes. For masculine plural nouns, it's 'niscy' (e.g., 'niscy ludzie' - short people). For feminine or neuter plural nouns, it's 'niskie' (e.g., 'niskie budynki' - low buildings).
-
Using 'niski' in the wrong case.
→
Inflected form based on case.
Adjectives change form according to the case of the noun. For example, in the genitive case, 'niski' becomes 'niskiego' or 'niskiej' depending on gender. Example: 'Nie mam niskiego stołu' (I don't have a low table).
-
Confusing 'niski' (adjective) with 'nisko' (adverb).
→
Niski describes nouns, nisko describes verbs/adjectives.
'Niski' is an adjective (e.g., 'niski dom' - low house). 'Nisko' is an adverb (e.g., 'Siedzę nisko' - I am sitting low).
팁
Mastering Agreement
The key to using 'niski' correctly is mastering adjective agreement. Always check the gender, number, and case of the noun you are describing. Practice with examples: 'niski dom' (masc.), 'niska półka' (fem.), 'nisko drzewo' (neut.), 'niscy ludzie' (plural masc.), 'niskie ceny' (plural fem.).
Palatalized 'N'
The 'n' in 'niski' is palatalized, sounding like 'ny' in 'canyon' or the 'ñ' in Spanish 'año'. Practice this sound to sound more natural. The stress is always on the first syllable.
Visual Associations
Create vivid mental images: a very short person, a low-hanging branch, a price tag showing a very small number. Connect these visuals with the word 'niski' to reinforce memory.
Sentence Building
Actively try to create your own sentences using 'niski' in various contexts. Describe objects around you, people you know, or situations involving prices and levels. The more you practice, the more natural it will become.
Niski vs. Mały vs. Krótki
Remember: 'niski' = height/level; 'mały' = general size/smallness; 'krótki' = duration/linear length. This distinction is crucial for accurate communication.
Cultural Nuances
While 'niski' is generally neutral, be mindful of context when describing people. Avoid derogatory usage. In abstract terms, 'niski' often carries negative connotations (low quality, low standard).
Adverbial Form
Don't confuse the adjective 'niski' with the adverb 'nisko'. 'Nisko' describes how an action is performed (e.g., 'latać nisko' - to fly low), while 'niski' describes a noun.
Related Terms
Explore related words like 'niskość' (lowness/shortness), 'niższy' (shorter/lower), 'najniższy' (shortest/lowest), and compound words like 'niskooprocentowany' (low-interest) to expand your understanding.
Active Listening
When listening to Polish, actively try to identify instances of 'niski' and its forms. Try to infer the meaning from the context and the noun it modifies.
암기하기
기억법
Imagine a very short person, almost knee-high, named 'Niska'. She always has to look up because everything is too tall for her. Or picture a 'low' bridge with a sign that says 'NISKI PRZEJŚCIE' (low passage).
시각적 연상
Picture a very short person standing next to a tall person, or a very low shelf in a supermarket. Associate the word 'NISKI' with these visual cues of limited height or level.
Word Web
챌린지
Try to describe five objects in your room using 'niski' or its feminine/neuter forms. Then, try to describe your own height or the height of someone you know. Finally, think of a situation where you would use 'niska cena'.
어원
The Polish word 'niski' originates from Proto-Slavic *nizъ, related to the concept of 'downwards' or 'low'. It is cognate with words in other Slavic languages that share this root.
원래 의미: The original meaning was likely 'low', 'downwards', or 'beneath'. This root is connected to words describing the lower part of something or a position closer to the ground.
Indo-European > Balto-Slavic > Slavic > West Slavic > Polish문화적 맥락
When describing people, 'niski' is generally acceptable, but as with any descriptor of physical characteristics, it's best used factually and respectfully. Avoid using it in a derogatory manner. The term 'karzeł' (dwarf) is specific and should only be used in medical or very specific contexts, not as a synonym for 'niski'.
In English-speaking cultures, 'short' is used for people, and 'low' for objects and levels. The Polish 'niski' covers both, making it a versatile word but requiring careful attention to context and grammatical agreement.
실생활에서 연습하기
실제 사용 상황
Describing people's height
- Jestem niski/niska.
- On jest bardzo niski.
- Ona jest trochę niska.
- Jego wzrost jest niski.
Talking about prices and shopping
- Niska cena!
- Szukamy niskiej ceny.
- To jest bardzo niska oferta.
- Czy można dostać niższą cenę?
Describing objects and furniture
- Mam niski stolik.
- Ta półka jest za niska.
- Niski budynek.
- Niski płot.
Discussing levels and abstract concepts
- Niski poziom wody.
- Niska jakość.
- Niski wskaźnik.
- Niski wynik.
Weather and conditions
- Niska temperatura.
- Niska wilgotność.
- Niski ciśnienie.
대화 시작하기
"Cześć! Jak się masz? Czy zauważyłeś, jak dzisiaj jest niska temperatura?"
"Hej! Widziałem dzisiaj bardzo niskiego psa. Jakiego masz zwierzaka?"
"Cześć! Szukam nowej kanapy, ale zależy mi na niskiej cenie. Masz jakieś propozycje?"
"Dzień dobry! Czy ten stół jest niski? Potrzebuję czegoś, co zmieści się pod oknem."
"Cześć! Słyszałem, że masz niski głos. Czy to prawda?"
일기 주제
Opisz osobę, którą znasz, używając przymiotnika "niski" lub "niska". Zwróć uwagę na jego/jej wzrost i inne cechy.
Zastanów się nad sytuacją, w której widziałeś/widziałaś coś "nisko" położonego. Opisz to miejsce i swoje odczucia.
Napisz krótki dialog między sprzedawcą a klientem, gdzie klient pyta o "niską cenę" produktu. Jakie argumenty mogą być użyte?
Opisz przedmiot, który jest "niski" (np. stół, krzesło, budynek). Podaj jego wymiary lub porównaj go z czymś innym.
Pomyśl o abstrakcyjnym pojęciu, które można opisać jako "niski poziom" (np. wiedzy, jakości, zaangażowania). Napisz kilka zdań na ten temat.
자주 묻는 질문
10 질문'Niski' and 'wysoki' are direct antonyms. 'Niski' means 'short' (for people) or 'low' (for objects, levels, prices). 'Wysoki' means 'tall' (for people) or 'high' (for objects, levels, prices). For example, 'niski człowiek' (short man) vs. 'wysoki człowiek' (tall man), and 'niska półka' (low shelf) vs. 'wysoka półka' (high shelf).
'Niski' specifically refers to height or vertical dimension. 'Mały' means 'small' in a more general sense, referring to overall size or quantity. You would say 'niski mężczyzna' (short man) but 'mały pies' (small dog) unless you specifically want to emphasize the dog's short stature, then 'niski pies' would be appropriate.
Yes, 'niski' is an adjective and must agree in gender, number, and case with the noun it describes. The masculine nominative singular is 'niski'. For feminine nouns, it's 'niska', for neuter, it's 'nisko'. Plural forms and case endings also apply.
Absolutely. 'Niska cena' (low price) is a very common phrase. It can also describe low quality ('niska jakość'), low levels ('niski poziom'), or low scores ('niski wynik').
The adverbial form is 'nisko'. It means 'lowly' or 'at a low level'. For example, 'Ptak leciał nisko' (The bird flew low).
No, 'niski' is not typically used for time. For short duration, the adjective 'krótki' is used (e.g., 'krótki czas' - short time).
The most common mistakes involve incorrect gender agreement (e.g., saying 'niski kobieta' instead of 'niska kobieta') and not inflecting the adjective for different cases or numbers. Confusing it with 'mały' or 'krótki' is also possible.
The pronunciation is roughly 'NIS-kee', with the stress on the first syllable. The 'n' is palatalized, and the 'i' is short. Listen to native speakers for accurate pronunciation.
Yes, there are several figurative uses, such as 'na niskich obrotach' (low energy/unmotivated) or 'niski profil' (low profile). These often convey abstract meanings beyond literal height.
'Niski' refers to a low price or level, while 'tani' specifically means 'cheap'. A low price isn't always cheap, but often it is. For example, 'niska cena' (low price) might be a good deal, but 'tani produkt' (cheap product) might imply lower quality.
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Summary
The Polish adjective 'niski' translates to 'short' or 'low' and is used to describe physical height, levels, prices, and abstract qualities. Crucially, its ending must agree with the gender, number, and case of the noun it modifies. For example, a short man is 'niski mężczyzna', while a low price is 'niska cena'.
- Niski: short, low.
- Describes height, level, price.
- Changes form based on noun.
- Common in everyday Polish.
Mastering Agreement
The key to using 'niski' correctly is mastering adjective agreement. Always check the gender, number, and case of the noun you are describing. Practice with examples: 'niski dom' (masc.), 'niska półka' (fem.), 'nisko drzewo' (neut.), 'niscy ludzie' (plural masc.), 'niskie ceny' (plural fem.).
Context is Key
Understand that 'niski' can refer to physical height (short/low), levels (low temperature, low score), prices (low price), or even abstract concepts (low quality, low ambition). Pay attention to the surrounding words to determine the intended meaning.
Palatalized 'N'
The 'n' in 'niski' is palatalized, sounding like 'ny' in 'canyon' or the 'ñ' in Spanish 'año'. Practice this sound to sound more natural. The stress is always on the first syllable.
Visual Associations
Create vivid mental images: a very short person, a low-hanging branch, a price tag showing a very small number. Connect these visuals with the word 'niski' to reinforce memory.
관련 콘텐츠
daily_life 관련 단어
adres
A1Location of a building.
aktualnie
B1at the present time
aktywność
B1신체 활동은 건강에 중요합니다.
aktywny
B1Engaged in physical or mental activity
awaryjny
B2비상시 또는 고장과 관련된. '비상구'는 'wyjście awaryjne'라고 합니다.
bankomat
B1현금 자동 입출금기 (ATM). '현금이 필요해서 ATM에 가야 해요.'
bardzo
A1very
bałagan
B1A state of confusion, disorder, or mess.
bez
A2없이
bezpieczny
B1safe or secure
