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A2 adjective #5,000 가장 일반적인 8분 분량

poluído

연습하기 예시 노트와 팁 poluído 30초 만에
설명 poluído in your Level:
The word 'poluído' is generally beyond the scope of A1 learners, as it deals with concepts of contamination and pollution which are more complex than basic everyday vocabulary. At this level, learners focus on simple greetings, personal information, and immediate surroundings. Terms related to environmental issues are typically introduced at later stages.
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For A2 learners, 'poluído' can be introduced as a basic concept related to the environment. They might learn it in the context of 'água poluída' (polluted water) or 'ar poluído' (polluted air) as part of discussions about the world around them. The focus would be on recognizing the word and understanding its general negative meaning related to uncleanliness or harm to nature. Learners at this level are expanding their vocabulary beyond immediate personal needs to include simple descriptions of places and common issues.
At the B1 level, learners are expected to understand and use 'poluído' more confidently. They can discuss environmental problems, express opinions about pollution, and understand news articles or simple reports on the topic. They will be familiar with its grammatical variations (poluída, poluídos, poluídas) and its common collocations like 'poluição do ar' (air pollution) and 'poluição da água' (water pollution). They can also begin to understand its slightly broader uses, like describing an unpleasant atmosphere.
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B2 learners can use 'poluído' with a good degree of accuracy and fluency. They can engage in more detailed discussions about environmental policies, the causes and effects of pollution, and potential solutions. They are comfortable using it in formal and informal contexts, and they understand its nuances, including its metaphorical uses. They can also differentiate it from similar terms like 'contaminado' or 'sujo' with greater precision.
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C1 learners will use 'poluído' with sophisticated precision. They can analyze complex texts on environmental science, sociology, or politics where the term is used extensively. They can employ it in nuanced arguments, express subtle shades of meaning, and understand its connotations in various literary or journalistic styles. They are also likely to be aware of its etymological roots and its cultural significance in environmental discourse.
무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기
C2 learners have a complete mastery of 'poluído'. They can use it in any context, understand its most subtle implications, and even use it creatively or ironically. They can discuss highly specialized topics related to environmental engineering, toxicology, or policy with native-level expertise, employing 'poluído' and its related terminology effortlessly and accurately.
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연습하기 예시 노트와 팁

poluído 30초 만에

  • Describes contamination by harmful substances.
  • Mainly used for environmental issues like air and water.
  • Agrees in gender and number with the noun.
  • Implies a negative, unhealthy state.

The Portuguese word 'poluído' is an adjective that describes something that has been contaminated or made impure, typically by harmful or poisonous substances. It's a widely used term when discussing environmental issues, but it can also be applied more broadly to anything that has been spoiled or corrupted.

In an environmental context, 'poluído' is used to talk about air, water, or soil that has been affected by pollutants. For instance, a river might be 'poluído' due to industrial waste, or the air in a city could be 'poluído' because of vehicle emissions. The impact of pollution is a significant concern in many parts of the world, and 'poluído' is the go-to word to express this state of contamination.

Beyond the environment, 'poluído' can describe a place or even an atmosphere that feels unpleasant or corrupted. For example, a room filled with smoke could be described as 'poluído'. It can also refer to information or ideas that are considered harmful or misleading, though this usage is less common than its environmental application. Understanding 'poluído' is crucial for discussing a range of topics, from ecological concerns to the general well-being of our surroundings.

O rio perto da fábrica está muito poluído.

The river near the factory is very polluted.
Origin
From the verb 'poluir' (to pollute), which comes from the Latin 'poluere'.
Environmental Impact
This word is essential for understanding discussions about environmental protection and the health of ecosystems.
Broader Usage
While primarily environmental, it can describe anything rendered impure or spoiled.

Using 'poluído' correctly involves understanding its grammatical function as an adjective and its common contexts. It agrees in gender and number with the noun it modifies. For masculine singular nouns, it's 'poluído'. For feminine singular nouns, it becomes 'poluída'. For masculine plural nouns, it's 'poluídos', and for feminine plural nouns, 'poluídas'.

The most frequent use of 'poluído' is in relation to the environment. You'll often hear or read about 'ar poluído' (polluted air), 'água poluída' (polluted water), or 'solo poluído' (polluted soil). These phrases are fundamental when discussing environmental problems, health hazards, and conservation efforts. For example, 'A cidade tem um ar muito poluído devido ao trânsito intenso' translates to 'The city has very polluted air due to heavy traffic.'

Consider the following examples to grasp its application:

Environmental Contexts
- 'O lago está poluído e não é seguro para nadar.' (The lake is polluted and it is not safe to swim.)
- 'Precisamos de tomar medidas para reduzir o lixo nas praias poluídas.' (We need to take measures to reduce trash on the polluted beaches.)
- 'A poluição sonora também pode ser considerada um tipo de ar poluído para os ouvidos.' (Noise pollution can also be considered a type of air polluted for the ears.)
Broader Applications
- 'A sala estava cheia de fumaça, tornando o ar pesado e poluído.' (The room was full of smoke, making the air heavy and polluted.)
- 'Alguns dizem que a internet pode ser um lugar poluído por informações falsas.' (Some say the internet can be a place polluted by false information.)

A água deste rio está tão poluída que os peixes morreram.

The water of this river is so polluted that the fish died.

You'll encounter the word 'poluído' frequently in news reports, documentaries, and public service announcements related to environmental issues. Scientists, activists, and government officials often use it when discussing the state of our planet.

Listen to conversations about local environmental concerns. If there are factories near a river, or heavy traffic in a city, people will likely use 'poluído' to describe the water, air, or even the general quality of life. For example, a resident might complain, 'O ar na minha vizinhança está sempre poluído por causa das fábricas.'

In educational settings, especially in science and geography classes, 'poluído' is a fundamental term. Textbooks, lectures, and classroom discussions will often feature this word when explaining concepts like industrial waste, emissions, and their impact on ecosystems. You might hear a teacher explaining, 'Este solo está poluído com pesticidas, tornando-o inadequado para o cultivo.'

Furthermore, travel guides and discussions about tourism might mention 'praias poluídas' (polluted beaches) or 'rios poluídos' (polluted rivers) to warn visitors or to highlight areas that need environmental attention. This helps travelers make informed decisions and understand the local environmental challenges.

News and Media
Expect to hear 'poluído' in news segments about air quality alerts, water contamination, or industrial accidents.
Environmental Activism
Protests and campaigns against pollution will invariably use this term to describe the problem.
Everyday Conversations
Locals might discuss the smell of the air or the state of a local body of water using 'poluído'.

Os moradores reclamam do ar poluído da cidade.

The residents complain about the city's polluted air.

A common mistake for learners is the incorrect agreement of 'poluído' with the noun it modifies. Remember that adjectives in Portuguese must match the gender and number of the noun. Using 'poluído' for a feminine noun like 'água' (water) is incorrect; it should be 'poluída'.

Another potential pitfall is using 'poluído' when a less severe or more specific term would be appropriate. While 'poluído' means contaminated, sometimes words like 'sujo' (dirty) might be more fitting for general uncleanliness, unless the contamination is indeed harmful. For example, a slightly dirty street might be 'suja', but a street contaminated with toxic waste would be 'poluída'.

Learners might also overuse 'poluído' in contexts where it doesn't quite fit. While it can have broader metaphorical meanings, its primary and strongest association is with environmental contamination. Using it to describe something merely unpleasant or messy without a clear element of harmful contamination can sound unnatural.

Gender and Number Agreement
Incorrect: 'O ar poluída.' Correct: 'O ar poluído.' Incorrect: 'As águas poluídos.' Correct: 'As águas poluídas.'
Overgeneralization
Using 'poluído' for simple dirtiness instead of actual harmful contamination. 'Um copo sujo' (a dirty glass) is different from 'água poluída' (polluted water).
Contextual Misuse
Applying 'poluído' to situations that are merely inconvenient or unpleasant, rather than genuinely contaminated.

A praia está poluída com lixo plástico.

The beach is polluted with plastic trash.

While 'poluído' is the most direct term for contamination, several other words can be used depending on the specific nuance. 'Contaminado' is a very close synonym, often used interchangeably, especially in technical or scientific contexts. Both mean affected by harmful substances.

'Sujeito' or 'sujo' means dirty and can be used for less severe cases of uncleanliness where there isn't necessarily harmful contamination. For example, a floor might be 'sujo' after a party, but a river with industrial chemicals would be 'poluído'.

In specific environmental contexts, you might hear 'imundo', which implies extreme dirtiness or filth, often associated with lack of hygiene and unsanitary conditions. It's a stronger term than 'sujo' and can overlap with 'poluído' when the filth is also harmful.

For air pollution, terms like 'carregado' (heavy, as in 'ar carregado') or 'viciado' (stale, unhealthy) can describe the quality of the air, though they don't always imply harmful chemical contamination in the same way 'poluído' does.

'Poluído' vs. 'Contaminado'
'Poluído' (polluted) often emphasizes the introduction of harmful substances into the environment. 'Contaminado' (contaminated) is a broader term that can refer to any impurity or infection, including biological ones. In many environmental contexts, they are interchangeable.
'Poluído' vs. 'Sujo'
'Sujo' (dirty) refers to general uncleanliness, like dust or grime. 'Poluído' implies the presence of harmful agents that make something unsafe or impure. A sidewalk can be 'sujo', but drinking water must not be 'poluído'.
'Poluído' vs. 'Imundo'
'Imundo' (filthy, unclean) suggests a more extreme level of dirt and often a lack of hygiene. It can be used for places that are both dirty and potentially harmful, overlapping with 'poluído' in severe cases.
'Poluído' vs. 'Carregado'/'Viciado' (for air)
'Ar carregado' (heavy air) or 'ar viciado' (stale air) describe air that feels oppressive or unhealthy, often due to lack of ventilation or presence of smoke/odors. 'Ar poluído' specifically refers to air contaminated with harmful pollutants like gases or particulate matter.

O rio está poluído e contaminado por químicos.

The river is polluted and contaminated by chemicals.

How Formal Is It?

격식체

""

중립

""

비격식체

""

Child friendly

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재미있는 사실

The Latin root 'poluere' is believed to be related to the Greek word 'polios', meaning 'grey' or 'white', possibly referencing the discoloration caused by dirt or pollution. Another theory links it to 'pulla', meaning 'darkness' or 'soot'.

발음 가이드

UK /pɔ.luˈi.du/
US /pɔ.luˈi.du/
The stress is on the third syllable: po-lu-Í-do.
라임이 맞는 단어
perdido esquecido sentido contido ferido dormido barrido partido
자주 하는 실수
  • Incorrectly stressing the first syllable.
  • Pronouncing the 'u' sound too strongly.
  • Not clearly articulating the 'í' sound.

난이도

독해 2/5

Recognizing 'poluído' is straightforward in reading, especially in environmental contexts. Learners at A2/B1 level will encounter it frequently in news articles, educational materials, and descriptive texts. The main challenge is understanding the noun it modifies to ensure correct gender/number agreement.

쓰기 2/5

Using 'poluído' correctly in writing requires attention to grammatical agreement (gender and number). Learners need to consciously check the noun it describes. Overuse or misuse in contexts other than environmental contamination can also be a minor challenge.

말하기 2/5

Pronunciation is relatively simple. The main speaking challenge lies in spontaneously recalling the correct gender and number form of 'poluído' when describing something. Practicing with varied examples helps build fluency.

듣기 2/5

The word is common enough in media and general conversation that listeners at A2/B1 level should be able to recognize it, especially when discussing environmental topics. Context usually makes its meaning clear.

다음에 무엇을 배울까

선수 학습

ar água rio terra cidade fábrica lixo sujo bom mau

다음에 배울 것

contaminação poluição ambiental ecossistema sustentável reciclar desmatamento emissões

고급

antropogênico eutrofização bioacumulação xenobiótico remediação particulado radioativo toxicológico

알아야 할 문법

Adjective Agreement (Gender and Number)

O rio (masculine singular) está poluído. A água (feminine singular) está poluída. Os rios (masculine plural) estão poluídos. As águas (feminine plural) estão poluídas.

Use of 'estar' vs. 'ser'

'Estar' is generally used to describe the state of being polluted, as it's a condition that can change. 'O rio está poluído.' (The river is polluted - current state). While 'ser' can sometimes be used for inherent qualities, 'estar' is more common for environmental states.

Prepositions with 'poluído'

The preposition 'por' is often used to indicate the agent or cause of pollution: 'O ar está poluído por emissões industriais.' (The air is polluted by industrial emissions.)

Adverbs modifying 'poluído'

Adverbs like 'muito' (very), 'severamente' (severely), 'levemente' (slightly), or 'visivelmente' (visibly) can be used to intensify or qualify the degree of pollution: 'O solo está muito poluído.'

Comparison with 'mais' and 'menos'

O ar desta cidade é mais poluído que o daquela. (The air in this city is more polluted than that one.)

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수준별 예문

1

O rio está sujo.

The river is dirty.

Simple adjective describing the river.

2

O ar na cidade não é bom.

The air in the city is not good.

Basic description of air quality.

3

Esta água não é para beber.

This water is not for drinking.

Expressing a prohibition related to water.

4

Há muito lixo na praia.

There is a lot of trash on the beach.

Describing a common environmental problem.

5

O planeta precisa de ajuda.

The planet needs help.

Simple statement about the planet's condition.

6

A fábrica faz barulho.

The factory makes noise.

Describing a negative aspect of a factory.

7

Não jogue lixo no chão.

Don't throw trash on the ground.

A common environmental instruction.

8

Precisamos de ar limpo.

We need clean air.

Expressing a desire for good air quality.

1

O rio perto da cidade está muito poluído.

The river near the city is very polluted.

'Poluído' agrees with the masculine singular noun 'rio'.

2

A poluição do ar na capital é um problema sério.

The air pollution in the capital is a serious problem.

'Poluição' is the noun form, 'poluído' is the adjective.

3

Encontraram peixes mortos na água poluída.

They found dead fish in the polluted water.

'Poluída' agrees with the feminine singular noun 'água'.

4

O trânsito intenso deixa o ar poluído.

The heavy traffic makes the air polluted.

'Poluído' agrees with the masculine singular noun 'ar'.

5

As praias estão poluídas com plástico e outros detritos.

The beaches are polluted with plastic and other debris.

'Poluídas' agrees with the feminine plural noun 'praias'.

6

Precisamos de soluções para o solo poluído.

We need solutions for the polluted soil.

'Poluído' agrees with the masculine singular noun 'solo'.

7

A qualidade do ar está piorando; está cada vez mais poluído.

The air quality is worsening; it is increasingly polluted.

Repetition for emphasis on the worsening condition.

8

Eles não podem nadar no lago porque está poluído.

They cannot swim in the lake because it is polluted.

Using 'poluído' as a predicate adjective.

1

As emissões industriais tornaram o rio severamente poluído.

Industrial emissions made the river severely polluted.

'Severamente' (severely) modifies the adjective 'poluído'.

2

A falta de regulamentação contribui para um ambiente cada vez mais poluído.

Lack of regulation contributes to an increasingly polluted environment.

'Ambiente' (environment) is masculine singular, so 'poluído' is used.

3

A água subterrânea também pode ficar poluída por vazamentos químicos.

Groundwater can also become polluted by chemical leaks.

'Água subterrânea' is feminine singular, so 'poluída' is used.

4

O excesso de ruído nas cidades é uma forma de poluição sonora, que afeta o bem-estar.

Excessive noise in cities is a form of noise pollution, which affects well-being.

Introduces 'poluição sonora' (noise pollution), related to the concept of being 'poluído'.

5

Os cientistas alertaram sobre os efeitos a longo prazo do solo poluído na agricultura.

Scientists warned about the long-term effects of polluted soil on agriculture.

'Solo' is masculine singular, 'poluído' is used.

6

A urbanização descontrolada levou a um cenário urbano frequentemente poluído.

Uncontrolled urbanization has led to a frequently polluted urban scenario.

'Cenário urbano' (urban scenario) is masculine singular, 'poluído' is used.

7

É difícil respirar aqui; o ar está visivelmente poluído.

It's hard to breathe here; the air is visibly polluted.

'Visivelmente' (visibly) emphasizes the tangible nature of the pollution.

8

As fontes de energia renovável ajudam a reduzir o ar poluído.

Renewable energy sources help reduce polluted air.

Discusses solutions to the problem of 'ar poluído'.

1

A negligência na gestão de resíduos transformou a paisagem num ecossistema severamente poluído.

Negligence in waste management has turned the landscape into a severely polluted ecosystem.

'Ecossistema' is masculine singular, 'poluído' is used. 'Severamente' adds intensity.

2

As micropartículas no ar tornam a atmosfera da cidade cronicamente poluída, afetando a saúde respiratória.

Microparticles in the air make the city's atmosphere chronically polluted, affecting respiratory health.

'Atmosfera' is feminine singular, 'poluída' is used. 'Cronicamente' suggests a long-term issue.

3

A contaminação por metais pesados deixou o solo impróprio para qualquer tipo de cultivo, resultando num terreno poluído.

Heavy metal contamination has rendered the soil unsuitable for any type of cultivation, resulting in polluted land.

'Terreno' is masculine singular, 'poluído' is used. Connects pollution to usability.

4

O debate sobre a energia nuclear frequentemente aborda o risco de um ambiente poluído por resíduos radioativos.

The debate on nuclear energy often addresses the risk of an environment polluted by radioactive waste.

'Ambiente' is masculine singular, 'poluído' is used. Discusses a specific type of pollution.

5

A degradação ambiental em larga escala resultou em vastas áreas costeiras poluídas, impactando a vida marinha.

Large-scale environmental degradation has resulted in vast polluted coastal areas, impacting marine life.

'Áreas costeiras' is feminine plural, 'poluídas' is used. Focuses on a specific geographical impact.

6

A literatura contemporânea por vezes retrata cidades distópicas com um ar opressivamente poluído.

Contemporary literature sometimes portrays dystopian cities with oppressively polluted air.

'Ar' is masculine singular, 'poluído' is used. Connects pollution to literary themes.

7

A falta de infraestrutura adequada para o tratamento de esgoto mantém muitos rios urbanos perpetuamente poluídos.

The lack of adequate infrastructure for sewage treatment keeps many urban rivers perpetually polluted.

'Rios urbanos' is masculine plural, 'poluídos' is used. Highlights infrastructure issues.

8

A persistência de poluentes orgânicos persistentes significa que mesmo após a fonte de poluição ser removida, o ecossistema permanece poluído por décadas.

The persistence of persistent organic pollutants means that even after the source of pollution is removed, the ecosystem remains polluted for decades.

'Ecossistema' is masculine singular, 'poluído' is used. Discusses the longevity of pollution.

1

A bioacumulação de xenobióticos em cadeias alimentares aquáticas resulta num ecossistema marinho intrinsecamente poluído, com repercussões transgeracionais.

The bioaccumulation of xenobiotics in aquatic food chains results in an intrinsically polluted marine ecosystem, with transgenerational repercussions.

'Ecossistema marinho' is masculine singular, 'poluído' is used. Highly technical vocabulary.

2

A poluição atmosférica antropogénica, caracterizada por aerossóis e gases de efeito estufa, cria um manto de ar perpetuamente poluído sobre as metrópoles.

Anthropogenic atmospheric pollution, characterized by aerosols and greenhouse gases, creates a mantle of perpetually polluted air over metropolises.

'Ar' is masculine singular, 'poluído' is used. Uses precise scientific terminology.

3

A remediação de solos contaminados por compostos organoclorados é um processo árduo que visa reverter décadas de um ambiente rural severamente poluído.

The remediation of soils contaminated by organochlorine compounds is an arduous process aimed at reversing decades of a severely polluted rural environment.

'Ambiente rural' is masculine singular, 'poluído' is used. Addresses complex environmental remediation.

4

O debate ético sobre a liberação de microplásticos em corpos hídricos levanta questões sobre a definição de um 'ambiente não poluído' na era moderna.

The ethical debate on the release of microplastics into water bodies raises questions about the definition of an 'unpolluted environment' in the modern era.

'Ambiente' is masculine singular, 'não poluído' (unpolluted) is used. Philosophical dimension of pollution.

5

A persistência de poluentes emergentes, como produtos farmacêuticos e disruptores endócrinos, significa que a água potável pode estar sub-repticiamente poluída.

The persistence of emerging pollutants, such as pharmaceuticals and endocrine disruptors, means that drinking water may be surreptitiously polluted.

'Água potável' is feminine singular, 'poluída' is used. Discusses subtle forms of pollution.

6

A análise toxicológica de sedimentos lacustres revelou um historial de contaminação que deixou o leito do lago permanentemente poluído.

Toxicological analysis of lake sediments revealed a history of contamination that left the lakebed permanently polluted.

'Leito do lago' (lakebed) is masculine singular, 'poluído' is used. Focuses on historical analysis.

7

O conceito de 'pegada ecológica' estende-se à avaliação do impacto de atividades humanas num planeta cada vez mais poluído.

The concept of 'ecological footprint' extends to the assessment of human impact on an increasingly polluted planet.

'Planeta' is masculine singular, 'poluído' is used. Connects to broader ecological concepts.

8

A resiliência de ecossistemas expostos a níveis crónicos de poluição química é um campo de estudo intensivo, dada a natureza complexa do ambiente poluído.

The resilience of ecosystems exposed to chronic levels of chemical pollution is a field of intensive study, given the complex nature of the polluted environment.

'Ambiente' is masculine singular, 'poluído' is used. Discusses scientific research into pollution effects.

자주 쓰는 조합

ar poluído
água poluída
solo poluído
rio poluído
praia poluída
ambiente poluído
severamente poluído
levemente poluído
visivelmente poluído
potencialmente poluído

자주 쓰는 구문

Ar poluído

— Refers to air that is contaminated with harmful substances, often from industrial emissions, vehicle exhaust, or smoke.

O ar poluído nas grandes cidades é um problema de saúde pública.

Água poluída

— Describes water that is contaminated with pollutants, making it unsafe for drinking, swimming, or supporting aquatic life.

É essencial tratar a água poluída antes de devolvê-la ao meio ambiente.

Solo poluído

— Indicates soil that has been contaminated by harmful chemicals, heavy metals, or other pollutants, affecting plant growth and potentially entering the food chain.

O solo poluído pode levar anos para se recuperar.

Rio poluído

— Refers to a river that has received pollutants, often from industrial discharge, agricultural runoff, or sewage.

Muitos peixes morreram no rio poluído.

Ambiente poluído

— A general term for an environment (air, water, land) that has been negatively affected by pollutants.

Viver num ambiente poluído pode ter sérias consequências para a saúde.

Litoral poluído

— Describes coastal areas or beaches that are contaminated, often with plastic waste, oil spills, or sewage.

O lixo plástico deixou o litoral poluído.

Ar condicionado poluído

— Refers to the air inside a building that has been circulated through a polluted air conditioning system, potentially spreading dust, mold, or allergens.

O sistema de ar condicionado poluído pode causar problemas respiratórios.

Comida poluída

— Food that has been contaminated with harmful substances, bacteria, or toxins, making it unsafe to eat.

A inspeção sanitária encontrou comida poluída no restaurante.

Plástico poluído

— Refers to plastic waste that has accumulated in the environment, causing pollution, especially in oceans and landfills.

O oceano está cheio de plástico poluído.

Ruído poluído

— While 'poluído' typically refers to chemical or physical contaminants, 'ruído poluído' (polluted noise) is a less common, figurative way to describe excessive, unpleasant, or harmful noise pollution.

O barulho constante da construção é um tipo de ruído poluído.

자주 혼동되는 단어

poluído vs Sujo

'Sujo' means dirty and is a more general term for uncleanliness. 'Poluído' specifically implies contamination by harmful substances, often with negative health or environmental consequences. A floor can be 'sujo', but drinking water must not be 'poluído'.

poluído vs Contaminado

'Contaminado' is very similar and often interchangeable with 'poluído', especially in scientific contexts. 'Poluído' often emphasizes the external introduction of harmful agents into the environment, while 'contaminado' can refer to any impurity or infection, including biological ones.

poluído vs Imundo

'Imundo' means filthy or extremely dirty, suggesting a severe lack of hygiene. While something 'imundo' might also be 'poluído', 'poluído' focuses more on the harmful nature of the contaminants rather than just the degree of dirtiness.

관용어 및 표현

"Cheirar a peixe podre"

— Literally 'to smell like rotten fish'. This idiom is used to describe a situation that seems suspicious or dishonest, suggesting something is wrong or corrupt, much like a polluted environment is wrong.

A proposta de negócio cheira a peixe podre; não confio nela.

Informal
"Engolir sapos"

— Literally 'to swallow frogs'. This idiom means to endure unpleasant situations or accept something unfair or disagreeable without complaining, much like one might have to endure living in a polluted environment.

Tive de engolir sapos e aceitar o aumento de impostos.

Informal
"Não ver um palmo à frente do nariz"

— Literally 'not to see an inch in front of one's nose'. This describes someone who is short-sighted, unable to see the obvious consequences of their actions, much like ignoring pollution leads to bigger problems.

Ele não vê um palmo à frente do nariz e continua a gastar dinheiro.

Informal
"Tocar o barco"

— Literally 'to steer the boat'. This idiom means to carry on with a task or situation, often despite difficulties or lack of enthusiasm, similar to how one might have to live with a polluted environment.

Mesmo com as dificuldades, temos de tocar o barco.

Informal
"Ficar em águas de bacalhau"

— Literally 'to end up in codfish waters'. This idiom means for something to be forgotten, lost, or to disappear without a trace, much like efforts to clean up a polluted area might be forgotten.

O projeto de lei ficou em águas de bacalhau no congresso.

Informal
"Pisar em ovos"

— Literally 'to walk on eggs'. This means to be very careful about what you say or do to avoid offending someone, similar to how one might need to tread carefully in a fragile, polluted environment.

Com o chefe de mau humor, todos pisam em ovos.

Informal
"Ter o pão na mão e a faca no molho"

— Literally 'to have bread in hand and the knife in the sauce'. This idiom describes someone who is very close to achieving something but fails at the last moment, perhaps like a cleanup effort failing at the final stage.

Ele quase ganhou a corrida, mas teve o pão na mão e a faca no molho.

Informal
"Dar corda aos sapatos"

— Literally 'to give string to the shoes'. This means to get ready to leave or to hurry up, perhaps to escape a polluted area or to get to a cleaner one.

Está a ficar tarde, vamos dar corda aos sapatos.

Informal
"Meter os pés pelas mãos"

— Literally 'to put feet in hands'. This idiom means to mess up, to do something clumsily or wrongly, perhaps like mishandling environmental resources leading to pollution.

Ele tentou consertar o carro, mas meteu os pés pelas mãos.

Informal
"A gota de água que transborda o copo"

— Literally 'the drop of water that overflows the glass'. This refers to the final small action or event that makes a situation unbearable or causes a significant reaction, much like the last bit of pollution that makes a place unlivable.

O aumento dos preços foi a gota de água que transbordou o copo para os consumidores.

Informal

혼동하기 쉬운

poluído vs Sujeira

Both 'sujeira' (dirt) and 'poluição' (pollution) refer to uncleanliness.

'Sujeira' refers to general dirt, grime, or mess. 'Poluição' refers to the contamination of the environment by harmful substances, often from human activities. You can have 'sujeira' without 'poluição' (e.g., a dusty room), but 'poluição' always implies harmful contamination.

A casa estava cheia de sujeira após a festa, mas o rio próximo estava poluído por produtos químicos da fábrica.

poluído vs Contaminar

It's the verb form related to 'poluído' and 'contaminado'.

'Poluir' means to pollute, introducing harmful substances into the environment. 'Contaminar' means to make something impure or infected, which can be broader and include biological agents. While 'contaminar' can lead to something being 'poluído', 'poluir' is more specific to environmental degradation.

Os pesticidas podem contaminar a água, tornando-a poluída.

poluído vs Impuro

Both 'impuro' (impure) and 'poluído' (polluted) describe a lack of purity.

'Impuro' is a broader term meaning not pure, which can include being dirty, mixed with other substances, or morally tainted. 'Poluído' specifically refers to contamination by harmful agents, usually in an environmental context. Pure water is the opposite of 'água poluída', but it's also the opposite of 'água impura' (which could just be mixed with minerals).

O ouro puro não é poluído, mas a água do rio pode estar poluída mesmo que não seja impura em termos de minerais.

poluído vs Degradar

Degradation is often a consequence of pollution.

'Degradar' means to deteriorate or break down the quality or value of something. Pollution ('poluição') is a major cause of environmental degradation. So, a polluted environment ('ambiente poluído') is an environment that has been degraded.

A poluição constante degrada o solo, tornando-o poluído e infértil.

poluído vs Nocivo

Pollutants are often 'nocivos' (harmful).

'Nocivo' is an adjective meaning harmful or injurious. Something 'poluído' is often described as 'nocivo' because the contaminants are harmful. However, 'nocivo' can describe anything harmful, not just environmental pollutants (e.g., 'um veneno nocivo' - a harmful poison).

O ar poluído contém muitas substâncias nocivas para os pulmões.

문장 패턴

A2

Noun + está + poluído/a.

O rio está poluído.

A2

O/A + Noun + está + poluído/a.

A água está poluída.

B1

O/A + Noun + está + muito/pouco + poluído/a.

O ar está muito poluído.

B1

Os/As + Nouns + estão + poluídos/as.

As praias estão poluídas.

B2

Noun + está + poluído/a/os/as + por + Agent.

O solo está poluído por químicos.

B2

É um/uma + Noun + poluído/a.

É um rio poluído.

C1

O/A + Noun + está + [adverb] + poluído/a.

O ambiente está severamente poluído.

C1

A + Noun + poluída + [relative clause].

A água poluída que bebemos causou problemas.

어휘 가족

명사

poluição pollution
poluidor polluter

동사

poluir to pollute

형용사

poluído polluted
poluente polluting (substance)

관련

impuro impure
contaminado contaminated
sujo dirty
nocivo harmful
tóxico toxic
무료 가입하고 모든 예문 보기

사용법

frequency

High, especially in discussions about environment, health, and current events.

자주 하는 실수
  • Forgetting gender and number agreement. → O ar poluído. A água poluída. Os rios poluídos. As praias poluídas.

    The adjective 'poluído' must match the noun it describes. Learners often use the masculine singular form 'poluído' for all cases.

  • Using 'poluído' for general dirtiness. → A mesa está suja. O rio está poluído.

    'Sujo' means dirty, while 'poluído' implies harmful contamination. A table might be 'suja', but drinking water must not be 'poluída'.

  • Incorrect pronunciation (stress). → po-lu-Í-do (stress on the third syllable).

    Pronouncing the stress on the first syllable or mispronouncing the vowels can make the word difficult to understand.

  • Confusing 'poluir' (verb) with 'poluído' (adjective). → A fábrica polui o rio. O rio está poluído.

    Learners might use the verb form when an adjective is needed, or vice-versa.

  • Overusing 'poluído' metaphorically. → O ar na sala estava pesado. (The air in the room was heavy.)

    While 'poluído' can be used metaphorically, its primary meaning is environmental contamination. Using it for mere unpleasantness without actual contamination can sound unnatural.

팁

Master Agreement

Remember that 'poluído' is an adjective and must agree in gender and number with the noun it modifies. For masculine singular nouns, it's 'poluído'. For feminine singular, 'poluída'. For masculine plural, 'poluídos'. For feminine plural, 'poluídas'. This is crucial for correct usage.

Stress the Right Syllable

The stress in 'poluído' falls on the third syllable: po-lu-Í-do. Practicing this stress pattern will make your pronunciation sound more natural to native speakers.

Environmental Focus

The word is most commonly used when discussing environmental issues. Think of it when you talk about pollution, dirty water, smoggy air, or contaminated land.

Visual Association

Imagine a dirty, murky pool ('pool-uído') filled with goo. This strong visual can help you remember that 'poluído' means contaminated and unclean.

Sentence Building

Try creating your own sentences using 'poluído' with different nouns and in various contexts. For example: 'O rio da minha cidade está poluído.' or 'O ar aqui está poluído.'

Vs. 'Sujo'

Don't confuse 'poluído' with 'sujo' (dirty). While related, 'poluído' implies harmful contamination, whereas 'sujo' is more general uncleanliness. Water can be 'suja' but must not be 'poluída'.

Latin Roots

The word comes from the Latin 'poluere', meaning 'to soil' or 'defile'. Understanding the root can reinforce the meaning of making something impure or unclean.

Listen for Context

When listening to Portuguese, pay attention to the context surrounding the word 'poluído'. This will help you understand whether it's referring to air, water, soil, or a more metaphorical situation.

Expand Your Vocabulary

Learn related words like 'contaminado' (contaminated) and 'impuro' (impure) to express similar ideas with slight nuances. This enriches your ability to describe environmental conditions accurately.

암기하기

기억법

Imagine a 'pool' (sounds like 'polu') that is extremely dirty and filled with 'goo' (sounds like 'ído'). This dirty pool is so 'polu-goo-ído' that you definitely wouldn't want to swim in it. The image of a disgusting, polluted pool helps remember the word and its meaning.

시각적 연상

Picture a vibrant green forest gradually being covered by a thick, grey smog. As the smog spreads, the trees and the air turn visibly 'poluído'. Imagine a pristine blue ocean being choked by floating plastic debris, making it 'poluída'.

Word Web

Pollution Contamination Environment Air Water Soil Dirty Harmful Toxic Unhealthy Waste Factory Emissions Degradation Cleanliness Purity Health Nature Ecosystem

챌린지

Try to describe three different things you see around you (e.g., the sky, a nearby street, a plant) and state whether they are 'poluído' or 'limpo', explaining why. For example, 'O céu está limpo hoje, não está poluído.' (The sky is clear today, it is not polluted.)

어원

The word 'poluído' comes from the verb 'poluir', which in turn derives from the Latin verb 'poluere'. This Latin verb meant 'to soil', 'to defile', or 'to pollute'.

원래 의미: The original Latin 'poluere' meant to make something dirty, impure, or to defile it. This core meaning of making something unclean or tainted has been preserved in the Portuguese 'poluído'.

Indo-European > Italic > Latin > Romance > Portuguese

문화적 맥락

Discussions around 'poluído' can be sensitive, as they often highlight negative impacts on health, ecosystems, and quality of life. It's important to approach the topic with awareness of the environmental challenges faced by different communities.

In English-speaking countries, the equivalent term is 'polluted'. The concept and its associated vocabulary are very similar, focusing on environmental contamination and its consequences.

The Amazon rainforest, facing threats from deforestation and pollution, is often discussed in terms of its 'poluído' rivers and soil. Major cities like São Paulo and Lisbon grapple with 'ar poluído' (polluted air) due to heavy traffic and industrial activity. Coastal areas in Portugal and Brazil sometimes face issues with 'praias poluídas' (polluted beaches) due to plastic waste and sewage.

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

Environmental News and Reports

  • O ar está poluído.
  • A água do rio está poluída.
  • Relatório sobre o solo poluído.
  • Níveis de poluição preocupantes.

Discussions about Health

  • Respirar ar poluído faz mal.
  • Água poluída causa doenças.
  • Os efeitos do ambiente poluído na saúde.
  • Precisamos de um ambiente mais limpo.

Describing Places

  • A cidade tem um ar poluído.
  • As praias estão poluídas.
  • Um local poluído pela indústria.
  • O ambiente aqui é poluído.

Educational Materials (Science, Geography)

  • O que causa o solo poluído?
  • Como a água se torna poluída?
  • Impacto do ar poluído nos ecossistemas.
  • A importância de um ambiente não poluído.

Activism and Awareness Campaigns

  • Não queremos um planeta poluído!
  • Lute contra o ar poluído.
  • Salve os rios poluídos.
  • Por um futuro sem ambientes poluídos.

대화 시작하기

"Você acha que o ar na sua cidade está poluído?"

"Que tipo de poluição mais te preocupa: a da água, do ar ou do solo?"

"Você já visitou algum lugar que estava visivelmente poluído?"

"Que medidas você acha que podemos tomar para reduzir o ar poluído?"

"Como a poluição afeta a sua vida diária?"

일기 주제

Descreva um dia em que você percebeu que o ambiente ao seu redor estava poluído. Como isso te fez sentir?

Pense em um rio ou lago que você conhece. Como você o descreveria? Está limpo ou poluído? Por quê?

Escreva sobre os potenciais perigos de viver em um ambiente poluído.

Imagine que você tem o poder de limpar um lugar poluído. Qual lugar você escolheria e como o faria?

Reflita sobre as notícias recentes sobre poluição. Qual delas mais te impactou e por quê?

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

The main difference lies in the severity and nature of the uncleanliness. 'Sujo' means 'dirty' and refers to general uncleanliness, like dust or grime. 'Poluído' specifically means 'polluted' and implies contamination by harmful substances that make something unhealthy or unsafe, especially in environmental contexts like air, water, or soil.

You need to match the adjective 'poluído' to the gender and number of the noun it describes. If the noun is masculine singular (like 'rio' - river), you use 'poluído'. If it's feminine singular (like 'água' - water), you use 'poluída'. For masculine plural nouns (like 'rios' - rivers), it's 'poluídos', and for feminine plural nouns (like 'águas' - waters), it's 'poluídas'.

Yes, although its primary use is environmental, 'poluído' can sometimes be used metaphorically. For example, one might refer to 'ar poluído' in a room filled with smoke, or even figuratively to describe an atmosphere that feels unpleasant or corrupted. However, its strongest and most common meaning relates to environmental contamination.

Common phrases include 'ar poluído' (polluted air), 'água poluída' (polluted water), 'rio poluído' (polluted river), 'solo poluído' (polluted soil), and 'praia poluída' (polluted beach). You'll often see it used with verbs like 'estar' (to be) or 'tornar-se' (to become).

Yes, 'poluído' is inherently a negative word. It describes a state of contamination and impurity, implying something is wrong, unhealthy, or damaged. It's used to highlight problems, often environmental or health-related.

The most common antonyms are 'limpo' (clean) and 'puro' (pure). You can also use 'saudável' (healthy) to describe an environment that is not 'poluído'.

'Poluído' is the adjective form, meaning 'polluted'. 'Poluição' is the noun form, meaning 'pollution', which is the act or state of polluting or the condition of being polluted.

Yes, 'comida poluída' can be used to describe food that has been contaminated with harmful substances, bacteria, or toxins, making it unsafe to eat. This is less common than environmental uses but perfectly valid.

The pronunciation is approximately 'paw-loo-EE-doo'. The stress is on the third syllable: po-lu-Í-do. The 'o' is short, and the 'i' is stressed.

Yes, in countries like Brazil and Portugal, 'poluído' is frequently discussed in relation to major cities facing air pollution, industrial areas affecting rivers, and coastal regions dealing with plastic waste on beaches. Environmental news often highlights these issues.

무료 가입하고 팁과 노트 보기

셀프 테스트 30 질문

writing A2

Descreva o que você vê na imagem: um rio com lixo. Use a palavra 'poluído'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing B1

Escreva uma frase sobre o ar na sua cidade, usando 'poluído'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
writing B2

Explique por que a água de um rio pode ficar poluída, usando a palavra 'poluído' e mencionando possíveis causas.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking A2

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking B1

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
speaking B2

Read this aloud:

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening A2

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening B1

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
listening B2

정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:
정답! 아쉬워요. 정답:

/ 30 correct

Perfect score!

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