A0 Numbers 6 min read 쉬움

러시아어 숫자 1-10: 10까지 세기 (один에서 десять까지)

Master the gender shifts for 1 and 2, then enjoy the consistent 'soft sign' pattern for 5-10.
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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Mastering Russian numbers 1-10 is the foundation for everything from buying coffee to giving your phone number.

  • 1 (odin) changes gender: odin (m), odna (f), odno (n).
  • 2 (dva) changes gender: dva (m/n), dve (f).
  • Numbers 3-10 remain the same regardless of the noun's gender.
1 (один/одна/одно) + 2 (два/две) + 3-10 (fixed)

Overview

러시아어 숫자 1-10은 어휘의 초석입니다. 가격과 전화번호에 사용하게 될 것입니다. 모든 Uber 등급과 TikTok 카운트다운에 나타납니다...

How This Grammar Works

영어에서 'one'은 항상 'one'입니다. 러시아어에서 '1'은 형용사처럼 작동합니다. 명사의 성별에 맞춰야 합니다...

Formation Pattern

1
러시아어 숫자 세기 기술을 단계별로 익히는 방법은 다음과 같습니다...

When To Use It

현대 생활에서 이 숫자들을 끊임없이 사용하게 될 것입니다. 모스크바의 멋진 카페에 있다고 상상해 보세요...

Common Mistakes

가장 큰 실수는 모든 것에 один을 사용하는 것입니다. один пицца라고 말하면 러시아인들은 이해하겠지만, 틀리게 들립니다...

Contrast With Similar Patterns

영어 숫자는 정적이고 지루합니다. 러시아어 숫자는 역동적이고 변덕스럽습니다...

Quick FAQ

Q

один은 항상 1을 의미하나요?...

Meanings

Cardinal numbers are used to count objects, people, or express quantity.

1

Counting

Used for simple counting of items.

“Один, два, три...”

“У меня пять книг.”

Numbers 1-10 Gender Agreement

Number Masculine Feminine Neuter
1 один одна одно
2 два две два
3 три три три
4 четыре четыре четыре
5 пять пять пять
6 шесть шесть шесть
7 семь семь семь
8 восемь восемь восемь
9 девять девять девять
10 десять десять десять

Reference Table

Reference table for 러시아어 숫자 1-10: 10까지 세기 (один에서 десять까지)
Number Russian Word Pronunciation Hint Gender Note
1 один / одна / одно a-DEEN / ad-NA / ad-NO Masc / Fem / Neut
2 два / две DVA / DVYE Masc+Neut / Fem
3 три TREE No gender change
4 четыре chye-TI-rye No gender change
5 пять PYAT (soft t) Soft sign squad
6 шесть SHEST (soft t) Soft sign squad
7 семь SYEM (soft m) Soft sign squad
8 восемь VO-syem (soft m) Soft sign squad

격식 수준 스펙트럼

격식체
У меня имеются два яблока.

У меня имеются два яблока. (Daily life)

중립
У меня есть два яблока.

У меня есть два яблока. (Daily life)

비격식체
У меня два яблока.

У меня два яблока. (Daily life)

속어
У меня пара яблок.

У меня пара яблок. (Daily life)

The Gender Logic of 1 and 2

Gendered Numbers

Masculine

  • один 1
  • два 2

Feminine

  • одна 1
  • две 2

Neuter

  • одно 1
  • два 2

One vs. Two: Gender Forms

Masculine
один кот 1 cat
два кота 2 cats
Feminine
одна кошка 1 cat
две кошки 2 cats

Choosing the Right 'Two'

1

Is the noun feminine?

YES
Use 'две'
NO
Go to next step
2

Is it masculine or neuter?

YES
Use 'два'
NO ↓

The Soft Sign Squad (5-10)

🍦

Ends in ь

  • • пять (5)
  • • шесть (6)
  • • семь (7)
  • • восемь (8)
  • • девять (9)
  • • десять (10)
무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

수준별 예문

1

Один стол.

One table.

2

Две книги.

Two books.

3

Три кота.

Three cats.

4

Десять рублей.

Ten rubles.

1

У меня одна сестра.

I have one sister.

2

Мне нужно два билета.

I need two tickets.

3

Там пять человек.

There are five people.

4

Купи четыре яблока.

Buy four apples.

1

Я жду два часа.

I am waiting for two hours.

2

У него шесть новых машин.

He has six new cars.

3

Она купила одну большую сумку.

She bought one big bag.

4

На столе лежат восемь ручек.

There are eight pens on the table.

1

Две красивые девушки вошли в зал.

Two beautiful girls entered the hall.

2

Девять из десяти студентов сдали экзамен.

Nine out of ten students passed the exam.

3

У меня только один единственный шанс.

I have only one single chance.

4

Семь дней в неделю я работаю.

I work seven days a week.

1

Один лишь взгляд изменил всё.

One single glance changed everything.

2

Десять лет спустя мы встретились вновь.

Ten years later we met again.

3

Трижды подумай, прежде чем ответить.

Think three times before answering.

4

Четыре времени года сменяют друг друга.

Four seasons replace each other.

1

Один-единственный голос решил исход дела.

One single vote decided the outcome.

2

Восемь веков истории запечатлены здесь.

Eight centuries of history are captured here.

3

Две стороны медали всегда существуют.

Two sides of the coin always exist.

4

Пять чувств помогают нам познавать мир.

Five senses help us know the world.

혼동하기 쉬운

Russian Numbers 1-10: Counting to Ten (один to десять) 대 1 vs 1st

Learners mix cardinal (1) and ordinal (1st).

Russian Numbers 1-10: Counting to Ten (один to десять) 대 2 vs 2nd

Learners mix cardinal (2) and ordinal (2nd).

Russian Numbers 1-10: Counting to Ten (один to десять) 대 3 vs 3rd

Learners mix cardinal (3) and ordinal (3rd).

자주 하는 실수

✗

один книга

✓

одна книга

Kni-ga is feminine, so use odna.
✗

два машина

✓

две машины

Ma-shi-na is feminine, so use dve.
✗

три столы

✓

три стола

After 2, 3, 4 use genitive singular.
✗

десять стола

✓

десять столов

After 5-10 use genitive plural.
✗

один окно

✓

одно окно

Okno is neuter.
✗

две стола

✓

два стола

Stol is masculine.
✗

пять кошка

✓

пять кошек

Genitive plural required.
✗

одного книга

✓

одна книга

Case mismatch.
✗

двух книги

✓

две книги

Nominative required.
✗

десять человек

✓

десять человек

Correct, but check declension.
✗

один-единственный книга

✓

одна-единственная книга

Adjective must agree.
✗

трижды раз

✓

трижды

Redundant.
✗

десять лет назад

✓

десять лет назад

Correct.
✗

четыре времени

✓

четыре времени

Correct.

문장 패턴

У меня есть ___ ___.

Мне нужно ___ ___.

На столе лежит ___ ___.

Я купил ___ ___.

Real World Usage

Ordering food very common

Два кофе, пожалуйста.

Buying tickets common

Мне нужно три билета.

Giving phone number very common

Пять, два, один...

Shopping at kiosk common

Дайте десять штук.

Social media age common

Мне двадцать лет.

Job interview occasional

У меня пять лет опыта.

무료 가입하고 모든 예문 보기
💡

The 'Raz' Trick

When counting 1, 2, 3 for a photo or a race, Russians almost always say 'раз' (raz) instead of 'один'.
⚠️

The 9 vs 10 Trap

Devyat (9) and Desyat (10) sound very similar. Focus on the 'v' vs 's' sound to tell them apart.
💬

Finger Counting

Remember to fold your fingers into your palm starting from the pinky. It's the 'Russian way' to show numbers.

Smart Tips

Check the noun's gender first.

Один книга → Одна книга

Use genitive singular for the noun.

Два столы → Два стола

Use genitive plural for the noun.

Пять стола → Пять столов

Match gender to the noun.

Один окно → Одно окно

발음

pya-t'

Soft signs

The 'ь' makes the preceding consonant soft.

o-din -> a-din

O/A reduction

Unstressed 'o' sounds like 'a'.

Counting

Один, два, три↗

Rising intonation for lists.

암기하기

기억법

One is 'Odin' (like the god), two is 'Dva' (sounds like 'diva').

시각적 연상

Imagine Odin holding two divas, while three to ten watch in the background.

Rhyme

One is Odin, two is Dva, three is Tri, that's how we are!

Story

Odin the god (1) brought two divas (2) to a party. They invited three (3) friends, four (4) dancers, five (5) singers, six (6) chefs, seven (7) waiters, eight (8) guards, nine (9) guests, and ten (10) musicians.

Word Web

одиноднаоднодвадветричетырепять

챌린지

Count everything you see in your room in Russian for 5 minutes.

문화 노트

Numbers are often used in idioms.

Similar usage, but some phonetic differences.

Very similar to Russian.

Slavic roots common to Indo-European languages.

대화 시작하기

“

Сколько у тебя братьев?

“

Сколько стоит этот кофе?

“

Сколько времени ты учишь русский?

“

Сколько человек в твоей семье?

일기 주제

Write about your family members.
Describe your shopping list.
List your daily tasks.
Reflect on your language learning journey.
Sign up free to see all tips

Test Yourself

Choose the correct form of 'one' for 'машина' (feminine).

___ машина.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: одна
Since 'машина' is feminine, we must use the feminine form 'одна'.
Which is the correct way to say 'two' for masculine nouns? 객관식

Choose the correct word:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: два
'Два' is used for masculine and neuter, while 'две' is strictly for feminine.
Find the error in this number sequence: пять, шесть, семь, восим, девять. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

пять, шесть, семь, восим, девять.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: восемь
The correct spelling is 'восемь', not 'восим'.

Score: /3

연습 문제

8 exercises
Fill in the correct form of 'one'.

У меня ___ книга.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: одна
Kni-ga is feminine.
Choose the correct form of 'two'. 객관식

У меня ___ стола.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: два
Stol is masculine.
Fix the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Три столы.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Три стола
Genitive singular after 3.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

я / купить / пять / яблоко

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Я купил пять яблок
Genitive plural after 5.
Match number to word. Match Pairs

10

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: десять
10 is desyat.
What is 1 for neuter? Conjugation Drill

1 (neuter)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: одно
Neuter is odno.
Change to plural. Sentence Transformation

Один стол -> 5...

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: пять столов
Genitive plural.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

Сколько у тебя кошек? - У меня...

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: три кошки
Genitive singular after 3.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
Match the Russian number to its English digit. Match Pairs

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
Translate 'one window' to Russian (window = окно, neuter). 번역

One window

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: одно окно
Put the numbers in order from 1 to 4. Sentence Reorder

четыре, один, три, два

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: один, два, три, четыре
Fill in the missing number: семь, ___, девять. 빈칸 채우기

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: восемь
How do you say 'one' when counting abstractly (1, 2, 3...)? 객관식

Counting out loud:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: раз / один
Fix the gender: две телефона (телефон is masculine). Error Correction

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: два телефона
Translate 'two girls' (girl = девочка). 번역

Two girls

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: две девочки
Match the rhyming numbers. Match Pairs

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
Complete the sequence: один, два, три, ___. 빈칸 채우기

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: четыре
Which number ends with a soft sign? 객관식

Pick the 'Soft Sign Squad' member:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: пять

Score: /10

자주 묻는 질문 (8)

It's an adjective that must agree with the noun's gender.

No, they are invariant.

Genitive singular.

Genitive plural.

Yes, but age uses the dative case.

Yes, it means one.

It indicates a soft consonant sound.

They are neutral and used everywhere.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

무료 가입하고 연습하기

In Other Languages

Spanish moderate

uno, dos, tres...

Russian has more complex case agreement.

French moderate

un, deux, trois...

Russian has case declension.

German moderate

eins, zwei, drei...

Russian has noun case changes.

Japanese low

ichi, ni, san...

Russian uses direct number-noun agreement.

Arabic low

wahid, ithnan, thalatha...

Russian only gender-matches 1 and 2.

Chinese low

yi, er, san...

Russian uses direct agreement.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
'어디'와 '무엇' 묻기 (Где & Что)
Next
러시아어로 '아니요' 말하기 (Нет)

Related Grammar Rules

A1

러시아어 숫자 11-100: 숫자 세기와 가격

Overview 11에서 100까지의 러시아어 숫자는 예측 가능한 시스템을 따릅니다... How This Grammar Works 러시아어 숫자를 건설...
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