Overview
The Chinese word '涂抹' (túmǒ) is a versatile verb that literally means 'to smear' or 'to spread.' Its usage extends to applying substances like creams, ointments, paint, or even butter onto a surface. Let's break down its nuances:
**Core Meaning & Usage:**
At its heart, '涂抹' describes the action of evenly distributing a soft or semi-liquid substance over another surface. Think of applying sunscreen, spreading jam on toast, or brushing paint onto a canvas. The key is the smooth, covering motion.
- Applying Creams/Ointments: This is perhaps one of its most common uses. For example, when you apply moisturizer to your face, you would '涂抹' it. You might hear phrases like '涂抹防晒霜' (túmǒ fángshàishuāng - to apply sunscreen) or '涂抹药膏' (túmǒ yàogāo - to apply ointment).
- Spreading Food Items: When you spread butter, jam, or peanut butter on bread, '涂抹' is the appropriate verb. For instance, '在面包上涂抹黄油' (zài miànbāo shàng túmǒ huángyóu - to spread butter on bread).
- Painting/Coating: In the context of painting or applying a coating, '涂抹' can also be used. While '刷' (shuā - to brush) is also common for painting, '涂抹' can emphasize the act of smearing or covering a surface with paint. For example, '涂抹油漆' (túmǒ yóuqī - to apply paint).
**Connotations & Nuances:**
- Completeness: Often, '涂抹' implies a thorough or even application, ensuring the entire surface is covered. However, it can also be used in a more casual sense, not always implying perfect uniformity.
- Softness of Substance: It's generally used for substances that are somewhat pliable or liquid, not for hard, solid objects.
- Active Action: It always describes an active verb, indicating someone is intentionally performing the action of smearing or spreading.
**Examples in Context:**
- 她每天早上都会在脸上涂抹保湿霜。(Tā měitiān zǎoshang dōu huì zài liǎn shàng túmǒ bǎoshīshuāng.) - Every morning, she applies moisturizer to her face.
- 请把果酱均匀地涂抹在吐司上。(Qǐng bǎ guǒjiàng jūnyún de túmǒ zài tǔsī shàng.) - Please spread the jam evenly on the toast.
- 艺术家正在画布上涂抹颜料。(Yìshùjiā zhèngzài huàbù shàng túmǒ yánliào.) - The artist is smearing paint on the canvas.
Understanding '涂抹' is crucial for describing everyday actions related to applying various substances, from personal care to culinary activities and even artistic endeavors.
예시
在面包上涂抹黄油。
food preparationTo spread butter on bread.
她脸上涂抹了厚厚的粉底。
cosmeticsShe applied a thick layer of foundation on her face.
医生建议她在伤口上涂抹药膏。
medical treatmentThe doctor advised her to apply ointment to the wound.
不要在墙上乱涂抹。
decorum/vandalismDon't smear things on the wall.
艺术家在画布上涂抹颜料。
artThe artist smeared paint on the canvas.
자주 쓰는 조합
자주 혼동되는 단어
涂抹 focuses on spreading or applying substances, while 涂改 means to erase and correct, often by smearing over something written.
涂抹 implies a purposeful spreading, whereas 涂鸦 refers to graffiti or doodling, often without a specific purpose.
抹 is a more general verb for wiping, smearing, or spreading. 涂抹 is more specific, emphasizing the act of applying something evenly over a surface.
문법 패턴
How to Use It
사용 참고사항
When using '涂抹,' it's crucial to consider the object being smeared or spread and the surface it's being applied to. The verb implies a relatively even and broad application. For instance, one might '涂抹' sunscreen on their skin (涂抹防晒霜), '涂抹' jam on toast (涂抹果酱), or '涂抹' paint on a canvas (涂抹颜料). While it can be used for both liquid and semi-solid substances, it generally refers to substances that have some viscosity, not completely watery liquids. It's less common to use '涂抹' for pouring a liquid, for example. The context will often clarify the precise nature of the action. For instance, '涂抹药膏' (túmǒ yàogāo) specifically means to apply medicinal ointment, while '涂抹污渍' (túmǒ wūzì) would imply smearing a stain, which carries a negative connotation. The word is versatile but always maintains the core meaning of applying something over a surface.
자주 하는 실수
One common mistake is confusing '涂抹' with '涂改' (túgǎi), which means 'to erase' or 'to correct by smearing over'. While both involve smearing, '涂抹' generally implies applying something, like cream or paint, whereas '涂改' specifically refers to correcting or covering up mistakes. Another mistake is mispronouncing the tones, especially '抹' as mǒ (third tone) instead of mò (fourth tone) in other contexts like '抹布' (mòbù, rag). Ensure to use the correct third tone for '抹' when it means 'to smear' or 'to spread'. Pay attention to the context to distinguish between '涂抹' (to apply/spread) and verbs like '擦' (cā, to wipe/rub) or '搽' (chá, to apply ointment/makeup), as their usage can be similar but with subtle differences in nuance. '涂抹' is more general for spreading, while '搽' is specifically for cosmetics or medicine.
Tips
Usage of 涂抹 (túmǒ)
The word '涂抹' (túmǒ) is primarily used to describe the action of smearing, spreading, or applying a substance onto a surface. It often implies a somewhat even and continuous application. For instance, '涂抹药膏' (túmǒ yàogāo) means to apply ointment, and '涂抹黄油' (túmǒ huángyóu) means to spread butter. It can be used for both literal physical actions and, less commonly, in a figurative sense to describe glossing over or covering up something, though more direct terms are usually preferred for the latter. Key characteristics of its usage include: * **Substance:** Typically used with semi-solid or liquid substances like creams, paints, butter, jam, mud, etc. * **Surface:** Applied to a surface, which could be skin, bread, a wall, a canvas, etc. * **Manner:** Often implies a relatively even or complete covering of the surface. Avoid using '涂抹' when a more precise action is intended, such as '滴' (dī - to drip), '洒' (sǎ - to sprinkle), or '喷' (pēn - to spray). While it broadly covers application, the nuance is in the 'smearing' or 'spreading' motion.
Common Pitfalls with 涂抹 (túmǒ)
A common pitfall with '涂抹' (túmǒ) is misusing it for actions that imply a different method of application. For example: 1. **Over-generalization:** While '涂抹' means to apply, it's specific to spreading or smearing. You wouldn't use '涂抹' for 'applying' a sticker (贴 - tiē) or 'applying' a patch (敷 - fū, if medicinal). It's crucial to consider the nature of the 'application'—is it a spreading motion? 2. **Figurative vs. Literal:** While it can sometimes be used figuratively to mean glossing over or distorting facts (e.g., '涂抹事实' - túmǒ shìshí - to gloss over facts), this usage is less common and can sound a bit formal or literary. In everyday conversation, more direct verbs like '掩盖' (yǎngài - to cover up) or '歪曲' (wāiqū - to distort) are often preferred. 3. **Confusion with '擦' (cā):** '擦' (cā) means to wipe, rub, or clean. While both involve contact and movement on a surface, '涂抹' implies leaving a substance on the surface, whereas '擦' often implies removing something or just rubbing without necessarily leaving a new layer. For example, '擦桌子' (cā zhuōzi - to wipe the table) vs. '涂抹油漆' (túmǒ yóuqī - to apply paint). Always ensure the context genuinely implies a 'smearing' or 'spreading' action when using '涂抹'.
Refining Your Use of 涂抹 (túmǒ)
To master the use of '涂抹' (túmǒ), focus on the type of substance and the desired outcome. **Example Scenarios:** * **Skincare:** When applying lotion or cream, '涂抹' is perfect: '每天早晚涂抹保湿霜' (měitiān zǎowǎn túmǒ bǎoshīshuāng - apply moisturizer every morning and evening). * **Food Preparation:** Spreading condiments: '在面包上涂抹果酱' (zài miànbāo shàng túmǒ guǒjiàng - spread jam on the bread). * **Art/Crafts:** Applying paint or glue: '用刷子把颜料涂抹在画布上' (yòng shuàzi bǎ yánliào túmǒ zài huàbù shàng - use a brush to smear paint onto the canvas). * **Medical:** Applying topical medication: '医生建议他涂抹这种药膏' (yīshēng jiànyì tā túmǒ zhè zhǒng yàogāo - the doctor advised him to apply this ointment). **Contrast with similar words to highlight nuance:** * **涂 (tú):** Often used for a single coat or a lighter application, and can be part of compound words like '涂鸦' (túyā - graffiti). '涂抹' implies a more thorough or complete spreading. * **擦 (cā):** As mentioned, '擦' focuses on rubbing or wiping, often with the intent to clean or dry, rather than to apply a new substance. By consciously considering the nature of the substance and the action, you can effectively refine your use of '涂抹' to convey precise meaning.
어원
The character '涂' (tú) originally referred to mud or plaster, and its ancient forms depict water and earth components, suggesting something spreadable. Over time, its meaning extended to the act of spreading or smearing. The character '抹' (mǒ) similarly means to wipe, to plaster, or to apply, often with a hand motion. Its etymology shows a hand radical and a component that suggests smoothness or rubbing. When combined, '涂抹' emphasizes the action of applying a substance over a surface, often in a way that covers it. The modern usage largely retains this core meaning, particularly for applying creams, paints, or other viscous substances, as well as the more abstract sense of carelessly drawing or writing.
문화적 맥락
The word '涂抹' (túmǒ) in Chinese primarily signifies the act of smearing, spreading, or applying a substance onto a surface. Its cultural context is quite broad, reflecting common daily activities and traditional practices. For instance, in traditional Chinese medicine, it is often used when describing the application of herbal pastes or ointments to the skin for therapeutic purposes. This practice has a long history in China, where topical remedies are a significant part of healing traditions. Beyond medicine, '涂抹' can also relate to the application of cosmetics, paints, or even butter on bread, mirroring universal human activities. The term itself is neutral, taking on positive or negative connotations depending on the substance being applied and the intention behind the action. For example, '涂抹' mud on a wall could be constructive if building, but destructive if defacing.
암기 팁
The character '涂' (tú) contains the radical for 'water' (氵) and 'old/ancient' (古). Imagine smearing something with old, watery paint. The character '抹' (mǒ) contains the radical for 'hand' (扌) and 'end/tip' (末). Imagine using your hand to spread something to its tip or end.
자주 묻는 질문
4 질문'涂抹' (túmǒ) is a Chinese word that generally means 'to smear,' 'to spread,' or 'to apply (cream or ointment).' It suggests the action of covering a surface with a substance, often in a somewhat broad or even manner. It can be used in various contexts, from applying cosmetics to spreading butter on bread, or even metaphorically for glossing over facts, though the primary sense is physical application.
Certainly! '涂抹' is commonly used when talking about applying lotions, creams, or ointments to the skin, such as '涂抹防晒霜' (túmǒ fángshàishuāng - to apply sunscreen). It can also refer to spreading food items, like '在面包上涂抹黄油' (zài miànbāo shàng túmǒ huángyóu - to spread butter on bread). In an artistic context, it might describe applying paint to a canvas.
Yes, while '涂抹' often implies a somewhat deliberate action, it can sometimes carry a subtle nuance of being a bit messy or haphazard, especially if the context suggests a quick or less careful application. However, this is highly dependent on the specific situation. Generally, it's a neutral term for the action of spreading or smearing.
Some related terms or synonyms for '涂抹' include '抹' (mǒ), which is a simpler and more general term for wiping, smearing, or applying. '擦' (cā) can also be similar in meaning, especially when referring to rubbing or wiping something on a surface. The choice between these often depends on the specific type of action and the desired emphasis.
셀프 테스트
她小心翼翼地把药膏___在伤口上。
面包上___了一层厚厚的果酱。
化妆前，她喜欢在脸上___一层保湿霜。
점수: /3
Usage of 涂抹 (túmǒ)
The word '涂抹' (túmǒ) is primarily used to describe the action of smearing, spreading, or applying a substance onto a surface. It often implies a somewhat even and continuous application. For instance, '涂抹药膏' (túmǒ yàogāo) means to apply ointment, and '涂抹黄油' (túmǒ huángyóu) means to spread butter. It can be used for both literal physical actions and, less commonly, in a figurative sense to describe glossing over or covering up something, though more direct terms are usually preferred for the latter. Key characteristics of its usage include: * **Substance:** Typically used with semi-solid or liquid substances like creams, paints, butter, jam, mud, etc. * **Surface:** Applied to a surface, which could be skin, bread, a wall, a canvas, etc. * **Manner:** Often implies a relatively even or complete covering of the surface. Avoid using '涂抹' when a more precise action is intended, such as '滴' (dī - to drip), '洒' (sǎ - to sprinkle), or '喷' (pēn - to spray). While it broadly covers application, the nuance is in the 'smearing' or 'spreading' motion.
Common Pitfalls with 涂抹 (túmǒ)
A common pitfall with '涂抹' (túmǒ) is misusing it for actions that imply a different method of application. For example: 1. **Over-generalization:** While '涂抹' means to apply, it's specific to spreading or smearing. You wouldn't use '涂抹' for 'applying' a sticker (贴 - tiē) or 'applying' a patch (敷 - fū, if medicinal). It's crucial to consider the nature of the 'application'—is it a spreading motion? 2. **Figurative vs. Literal:** While it can sometimes be used figuratively to mean glossing over or distorting facts (e.g., '涂抹事实' - túmǒ shìshí - to gloss over facts), this usage is less common and can sound a bit formal or literary. In everyday conversation, more direct verbs like '掩盖' (yǎngài - to cover up) or '歪曲' (wāiqū - to distort) are often preferred. 3. **Confusion with '擦' (cā):** '擦' (cā) means to wipe, rub, or clean. While both involve contact and movement on a surface, '涂抹' implies leaving a substance on the surface, whereas '擦' often implies removing something or just rubbing without necessarily leaving a new layer. For example, '擦桌子' (cā zhuōzi - to wipe the table) vs. '涂抹油漆' (túmǒ yóuqī - to apply paint). Always ensure the context genuinely implies a 'smearing' or 'spreading' action when using '涂抹'.
Refining Your Use of 涂抹 (túmǒ)
To master the use of '涂抹' (túmǒ), focus on the type of substance and the desired outcome. **Example Scenarios:** * **Skincare:** When applying lotion or cream, '涂抹' is perfect: '每天早晚涂抹保湿霜' (měitiān zǎowǎn túmǒ bǎoshīshuāng - apply moisturizer every morning and evening). * **Food Preparation:** Spreading condiments: '在面包上涂抹果酱' (zài miànbāo shàng túmǒ guǒjiàng - spread jam on the bread). * **Art/Crafts:** Applying paint or glue: '用刷子把颜料涂抹在画布上' (yòng shuàzi bǎ yánliào túmǒ zài huàbù shàng - use a brush to smear paint onto the canvas). * **Medical:** Applying topical medication: '医生建议他涂抹这种药膏' (yīshēng jiànyì tā túmǒ zhè zhǒng yàogāo - the doctor advised him to apply this ointment). **Contrast with similar words to highlight nuance:** * **涂 (tú):** Often used for a single coat or a lighter application, and can be part of compound words like '涂鸦' (túyā - graffiti). '涂抹' implies a more thorough or complete spreading. * **擦 (cā):** As mentioned, '擦' focuses on rubbing or wiping, often with the intent to clean or dry, rather than to apply a new substance. By consciously considering the nature of the substance and the action, you can effectively refine your use of '涂抹' to convey precise meaning.
예시
5 / 5在面包上涂抹黄油。
To spread butter on bread.
她脸上涂抹了厚厚的粉底。
She applied a thick layer of foundation on her face.
医生建议她在伤口上涂抹药膏。
The doctor advised her to apply ointment to the wound.
不要在墙上乱涂抹。
Don't smear things on the wall.
艺术家在画布上涂抹颜料。
The artist smeared paint on the canvas.
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未免
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废弃
B2To abandon; to discard; to cease to use.
恪守
B2To scrupulously observe; to strictly adhere to.
反常
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