B2 verb خنثی 1 دقیقه مطالعه

涂抹

tumo /tú mǒ/
Practice it

To apply a substance onto a surface or to scribble over something.

واژه در 30 ثانیه

  • To apply a substance like cream or paint onto a surface.
  • To smear or cover something with a liquid or paste.
  • To scribble or erase text in a messy way.

1) 概述：涂抹是一个动作动词，强调将液体、膏状或粉状物质施加于某物表面。该词在日常生活中使用频率极高，涵盖了从护肤到艺术创作的多种场景。

2) 使用模式：该动词通常带宾语，如“涂抹防晒霜”、“涂抹油漆”。在抽象用法中，它也可以指对文字或图像的修改、掩盖或胡乱书写。

3) 常见语境：在生活场景中，常用于护肤品（如面霜、润唇膏）或医药（如药膏、碘酒）的使用；在艺术和工业场景中，指粉刷墙壁或绘画；在书面语中，常用于描述为了掩盖错误而进行的涂改，或形容字迹潦草。

4) 近义词辨析：与“涂”相比，“涂抹”动作感更强，强调过程的覆盖性；与“涂改”相比，“涂抹”侧重于动作本身，而“涂改”侧重于改变原意；与“擦”相比，“涂抹”是增加物质，而“擦”通常是清洁或移除物质。

مثال‌ها

1

洗完澡后，我在全身涂抹了润肤乳。

everyday

I applied body lotion all over after my shower.

2

请勿在文物表面涂抹任何化学试剂。

formal

Please do not apply any chemical reagents to the surface of the artifacts.

3

他随手在纸上涂抹了几笔，画出了一只猫。

informal

He scribbled a few strokes on the paper and drew a cat.

4

该文书存在多处被涂抹的痕迹，证据效力存疑。

academic

The document shows signs of multiple erasures/smears, casting doubt on its validity.

ترکیب‌های رایج

涂抹药膏 Apply ointment
涂抹均匀 Spread evenly
随意涂抹 Scribble randomly

عبارات رایج

随意涂抹

Scribble aimlessly

涂抹防晒

Apply sunscreen

涂抹痕迹

Traces of smearing

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

涂抹 vs 涂改

Specifically refers to erasing or altering written text. '涂抹' is broader and focuses on the physical application.

涂抹 vs 粉刷

Refers specifically to painting walls or large surfaces. '涂抹' is more common for small areas or personal items.

الگوهای دستوری

把 + 物质 + 涂抹在 + 部位 在 + 部位 + 涂抹 + 物质 被涂抹得 + 形容词

How to Use It

نکات کاربردی

The word is neutral in register but leans towards formal when discussing document tampering. In daily life, it is a standard verb for skincare and medicine. Avoid using it for cleaning tasks where '擦' is more appropriate.

اشتباهات رایج

Learners often confuse '涂抹' with '擦' (to wipe). Remember that '涂抹' adds something to a surface, while '擦' usually removes something. Also, do not use it to mean 'painting a picture' in a professional artistic sense.

Tips

💡

Focus on the physical action

Think of the physical sensation of spreading a cream on your skin. This helps distinguish it from simply 'painting' a wall.

⚠️

Avoid using it for cleaning

Do not use '涂抹' when you mean to wipe or clean something off. Use '擦' for cleaning purposes instead.

🌍

Medical and cosmetic usage

In Chinese culture, '涂抹' is the standard verb for applying traditional Chinese herbal ointments. It carries a sense of careful, therapeutic application.

ریشه کلمه

The character '涂' originally relates to mud or clay, while '抹' relates to the hand motion of leveling or wiping. Combined, they describe the action of spreading substances like paste or paint.

بافت فرهنگی

In Chinese households, parents often use the phrase '涂抹药膏' when caring for children's minor injuries, making it a word associated with care and healing.

راهنمای حفظ

Think of '涂' as a brush and '抹' as a hand smoothing something out. Together, they describe the act of applying a cream or paint smoothly.

سوالات متداول

4 سوال

“涂”是一个更通用的词，可以指任何涂刷行为。而“涂抹”强调动作的覆盖过程，常用于化妆品或药膏等需要均匀施加的场景。

可以，但通常带有一定的贬义或强调手法随意。如果指艺术创作，通常用“绘画”或“涂鸦”。

可以直接说“涂抹乳液”或“在脸上涂抹精华”。这是一个非常地道的表达方式。

有，当指代“涂抹事实”或“乱涂乱画”时，它暗示了掩盖真相或行为不规范。

خودت رو بسنج

fill blank

出门前，记得在脸上___一层防晒霜。

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: 涂抹

防晒霜需要施加在皮肤上，用“涂抹”最准确。

multiple choice

下列哪种情况不适合用“涂抹”？

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: 涂抹地板上的灰尘

灰尘是需要清理的，应该用“擦拭”而不是“涂抹”。

sentence building

请用“涂抹”造一个关于伤口的句子。

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: 我把药膏涂抹在伤口上。

这是一个完整的动作描述，符合逻辑。

امتیاز: /3

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