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B2 noun 10분 분량

根基

gēnjī

연습하기 예시 노트와 팁 根基 30초 만에

설명 根基 in your Level:

At the A1 level, think of '根基' (gēnjī) as a special word for 'foundation.' Imagine you are building a house with LEGO bricks. The very first layer you put on the ground is the foundation. In Chinese, we call this the 'base' or 'foundation.' While you might not use this word every day as a beginner, you can remember it by looking at the characters. '根' (gēn) means 'root,' like the roots of a flower. '基' (jī) means 'base.' So, '根基' is the 'root-base' of something. It is what keeps things from falling over. Even at the start of your Chinese journey, you are building a '根基' for your language skills by learning simple words like 'hello' and 'thank you.'

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At the A2 level, you can start to use '根基' (gēnjī) to talk about why things are strong. For example, if you see a very old and tall building, you can say its '根基' is very strong. You can also use it to talk about your studies. If you want to be good at Chinese, you need a good '根基' in Pinyin and basic characters. It is a more formal way of saying 'foundation' than '基础' (jīchǔ), which you might have already learned. Remember: '根基' is like the hidden part of a tree or a building that makes it stand up straight. When you learn this word, you are adding a more 'grown-up' word to your vocabulary to describe how things are built.

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At the B1 level, '根基' (gēnjī) becomes a useful word for describing abstract ideas. You can use it to talk about the foundation of a friendship, a business, or a country. For instance, 'Their friendship has a solid foundation' can be translated using '根基.' You will often see it paired with verbs like '奠定' (diàndìng), which means 'to lay' or 'to establish.' This level is where you start to distinguish between '基础' (basic foundation) and '根基' (deep, structural foundation). '根基' sounds more serious and suggests that something has been around for a while or is meant to last a very long time. It is a great word to use in school essays or when talking about your future goals.

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At the B2 level, you should master the specific collocations and nuances of '根基' (gēnjī). It is frequently used in political, economic, and historical contexts. You might hear it in news reports about 'shaking the foundation of the economy' (动摇经济根基) or 'consolidating the foundation of peace' (巩固和平根基). At this level, you should be able to use it to describe the underlying principles of a theory or the structural stability of an organization. It carries a sense of 'roots' (根), implying that the foundation is not just a base, but something that has grown and anchored itself over time. You should also be able to compare it with synonyms like '基石' (cornerstone) and understand when to use each for maximum impact in your writing.

At the C1 level, '根基' (gēnjī) is a word you use to demonstrate a deep understanding of Chinese structural metaphors. You can use it to discuss complex philosophical underpinnings or the historical depth of cultural traditions. It is often found in literary works and high-level academic discussions. For example, you might analyze how a certain cultural movement 'shook the foundation' of traditional society. You should be comfortable using it with formal adjectives like '深厚' (deep and thick) or '牢固' (firm). At this stage, your use of '根基' should reflect an awareness of its weight and its ability to convey a sense of permanence and structural integrity. It is not just about a 'basis'; it is about the very essence that supports an entire system.

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At the C2 level, '根基' (gēnjī) is used with precision and rhetorical flair. You can employ it in sophisticated debates about national identity, systemic stability, or the evolution of thought. You understand its subtle differences from words like '底蕴' (cultural heritage) or '命脉' (lifeline). You can use it to create powerful imagery, such as describing a crumbling empire whose '根基' has been eaten away by corruption. At this level, you don't just know the word; you feel its historical and cultural resonance. You can use it to argue for the necessity of '奠定根基' in any long-term endeavor and recognize the word's role in the 'high style' of Chinese formal prose and oratory.

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연습하기 예시 노트와 팁

根基 30초 만에

根基 (gēnjī) means foundation or basis, combining the concepts of roots (根) and base (基) to imply deep-seated structural stability.
It is used for physical foundations (buildings, bridges) and metaphorical ones (knowledge, relationships, national stability, or economic health).
Commonly paired with formal verbs like 奠定 (lay), 巩固 (consolidate), and 动摇 (shake), it carries a more serious tone than 基础.
In cultural contexts, it emphasizes long-term endurance and the hidden strength that supports visible success or structures.

The Chinese word 根基 (gēnjī) is a powerful and evocative noun that translates most directly to 'foundation' or 'basis.' To understand its depth, one must look at the two characters that compose it. The first character, 根 (gēn), refers to the root of a plant—the invisible but essential part that anchors a tree to the earth and provides it with nutrients. The second character, 基 (jī), refers to the base or foundation of a physical structure, like a building or a wall. When combined, 根基 represents the fundamental starting point or the structural support upon which everything else is built, whether that thing is physical, social, or intellectual.

Physical Construction: In the most literal sense, architects and engineers use 根基 to describe the deep-seated foundation of a skyscraper or a bridge. If the 根基 is not solid, the entire structure is at risk of collapse. This usage emphasizes stability and the necessity of a strong start.
Abstract Concepts: In a figurative sense, 根基 is applied to knowledge, relationships, political systems, and economies. For instance, a student’s mathematical 根基 must be strong before they can tackle advanced calculus. A marriage built on trust has a deep 根基, making it resilient against the storms of life.
National and Social Stability: Historians and political scientists often use this term to describe the roots of a civilization or the stability of a regime. A country with a firm 根基 in the rule of law is seen as more durable and reliable.

这座古老的建筑之所以能屹立千年，是因为它的根基非常深厚。 (The reason this ancient building has stood for a thousand years is that its foundation is very deep and solid.)

People use 根基 when they want to emphasize the long-term importance of the beginning. It is not just a 'start' (开始); it is the 'structural beginning.' You will hear it in formal speeches, read it in academic texts, and encounter it in serious discussions about personal growth or national policy. It implies a sense of permanence and depth that other words for 'basis' might lack.

学习语言，词汇是必不可少的根基。 (When learning a language, vocabulary is an indispensable foundation.)

When you use this word, you are signaling that you are talking about something substantial. It is not about the surface-level appearance; it is about the core strength underneath. Whether you are talking about the 根基 of a theory or the 根基 of a friendship, you are highlighting the underlying principles that make the whole thing possible.

他的这种观点动摇了整个学科的根基。 (His viewpoint shook the foundation of the entire discipline.)

In summary, 根基 is used to describe the most essential, supporting part of any structure, be it physical or metaphorical. It suggests that without this part, the rest cannot exist or will eventually fail. It is a word of gravity and importance, often associated with words like 'solid' (牢固), 'deep' (深厚), and 'lay' (奠定).

只有根基扎实，才能成就大业。 (Only with a solid foundation can one achieve great things.)

我们要努力巩固国家的经济根基。 (We must strive to consolidate the nation's economic foundation.)

Using 根基 (gēnjī) correctly requires understanding its role as a noun and the specific verbs that frequently accompany it. Because it refers to a foundation, it often functions as the object of verbs that describe building, strengthening, or weakening. Understanding these patterns is key to sounding natural in Chinese.

Laying the Foundation: 奠定 (diàndìng): The most common verb paired with 根基 is 奠定. This combination is used when discussing the initial stages of a project, a career, or a historical development. For example, '奠定坚实的根基' (to lay a solid foundation).
Strengthening the Foundation: 巩固 (gǒnggù): Once a foundation is laid, it must be reinforced. 巩固 is used to describe the act of making the 根基 stronger or more stable. This is often used in political or organizational contexts.
Shaking the Foundation: 动摇 (dòngyáo): When a foundation is threatened, we use 动摇. This implies that the core stability of something is being compromised. For example, '动摇了统治的根基' (shook the foundation of the rule).

Grammatically, 根基 can also be modified by adjectives to describe its quality. Common adjectives include 深厚 (shēnhòu - deep and thick), 浅薄 (qiǎnbó - shallow), 牢固 (láogù - firm/solid), and 不稳 (bùwěn - unstable).

他的汉语根基非常扎实，所以进步很快。 (His Chinese foundation is very solid, so he progresses quickly.)

In sentence structures, 根基 often appears in the pattern '[Subject] + [Verb] + [Possessive] + 根基'. For example, '这次改革动摇了公司的根基' (This reform shook the foundation of the company). It can also be the subject of a sentence: '根基如果不牢，房子就会倒塌' (If the foundation is not firm, the house will collapse).

为了长远的发展，我们必须先打好根基。 (For long-term development, we must first lay a good foundation.)

Another important usage is in the context of family or business heritage. A family that has been wealthy or powerful for generations is said to have a '深厚的根基' (deeply rooted foundation). This implies not just money, but social standing and history.

这个企业在当地有着深厚的社会根基。 (This enterprise has a deep social foundation in the local area.)

When writing, consider the scale of what you are describing. Use 根基 for things that are meant to last or things that are fundamental to a larger system. It elevates the tone of your writing and shows a high level of Chinese proficiency.

没有诚信，商业合作就失去了根基。 (Without integrity, business cooperation loses its foundation.)

科学的研究必须建立在事实的根基之上。 (Scientific research must be built on the foundation of facts.)

While 根基 (gēnjī) might sound slightly formal, it is pervasive in various sectors of Chinese life. Understanding these contexts will help you recognize the word when you encounter it in the wild, from news broadcasts to professional meetings.

News and Politics: In political discourse, leaders often talk about '巩固党的执政根基' (consolidating the party's foundation of governance) or '维护社会的稳定根基' (maintaining the foundation of social stability). It is used to signify the core elements that keep a nation or organization functioning.
Academic and Educational Settings: Teachers and professors frequently use 根基 when discussing a student's grasp of basic principles. '基础不牢，地动山摇' is a common saying meaning if the foundation is not firm, everything will shake. In academic papers, it refers to the theoretical basis of a study.
Business and Finance: In the corporate world, 根基 refers to a company's market position, financial health, or core technology. A company with a '深厚的根基' is one that has been around for a long time and has a loyal customer base or significant assets.

You will also hear this word in historical documentaries. Narrators often discuss how a particular dynasty '奠定了数百年的根基' (laid a foundation for hundreds of years). This highlights the long-term impact of early decisions and structures.

新闻报道：政府致力于巩固农业这一国民经济的根基。 (News report: The government is committed to consolidating agriculture, the foundation of the national economy.)

In literature and film, particularly in historical dramas (wǔxiá or period pieces), characters might talk about the 根基 of a martial arts style or the 根基 of a family's honor. It adds a sense of gravity and tradition to the dialogue.

教授：如果你的理论根基有误，那么所有的结论都是不可靠的。 (Professor: If your theoretical foundation is wrong, then all conclusions are unreliable.)

Finally, in self-help or motivational contexts, speakers might talk about building the 根基 of a successful life through habits and character. It emphasizes that success is not accidental but built on a solid base.

演讲者：自律是成功的根基。 (Speaker: Self-discipline is the foundation of success.)

电影台词：我们家族的根基不容任何人破坏。 (Movie line: Our family's foundation shall not be undermined by anyone.)

While 根基 (gēnjī) is a versatile word, learners often confuse it with similar terms or use it in inappropriate contexts. Avoiding these common pitfalls will make your Chinese sound more precise and sophisticated.

Confusing 根基 with 基础 (jīchǔ): This is the most common mistake. While both mean 'foundation,' 基础 is more general and used for basic skills (e.g., '基础知识' - basic knowledge). 根基 is deeper, more structural, and often carries a sense of long-term stability or historical depth. Use 基础 for everyday basics and 根基 for the 'roots' of something significant.
Using it for Temporary Things: 根基 implies permanence. You wouldn't use it for the 'basis' of a temporary plan or a quick decision. For those, words like 依据 (yījù - basis/according to) are better. 根基 is for things that are meant to endure.
Incorrect Verb Collocations: Learners sometimes use verbs like 做 (zuò - do) or 给 (gěi - give) with 根基. Instead, use formal verbs like 奠定 (diàndìng - lay/establish) or 打下 (dǎxià - strike down/lay). For example, say '打下根基' instead of '做根基'.

Another subtle mistake is using 根基 when you actually mean 根本 (gēnběn). 根本 often acts as an adverb meaning 'at all' or 'fundamentally,' or a noun meaning 'the very root/source.' 根基 specifically refers to the supporting structure.

错误：他根本没有学过汉语。
正确：他的汉语根基很薄弱。 (Correction: The first sentence says 'He hasn't learned Chinese at all.' The second says 'His Chinese foundation is weak.')

Finally, remember that 根基 is a noun. Don't try to use it as an adjective or a verb. If you want to say something is 'foundational,' you might say '是...的根基' or use the adjective 基础性的 (jīchǔxìng de).

错误：这是一个根基问题。
正确：这是一个关系到根基的问题。 (Correction: Instead of 'This is a foundation problem,' say 'This is a problem that affects the foundation.')

注意：不要把“根基”误用为“基层”。“基层”指的是社会或组织的底层人员。 (Note: Don't confuse 'gēnjī' with 'jīcéng.' 'Jīcéng' refers to the grassroots or bottom-level personnel of an organization.)

To truly master 根基 (gēnjī), you should understand how it compares to its synonyms. Each word has a slightly different nuance and is used in different contexts. Choosing the right one shows a high level of language awareness.

基础 (jīchǔ) vs. 根基 (gēnjī): 基础 is the most common word for 'foundation' or 'basis.' It is used for basic knowledge, the base of a structure, or the starting point of an idea. 根基 is more formal and emphasizes the 'root' and structural stability. Use 根基 for things that are more profound or long-lasting.
根本 (gēnběn) vs. 根基 (gēnjī): 根本 refers to the 'root' or 'essence' of a matter. It is often used as an adverb ('at all') or to describe the most essential part of a problem. 根基 is more about the supporting structure. You might solve a 根本 problem to protect the 根基 of a company.
基石 (jīshí) vs. 根基 (gēnjī): 基石 literally means 'cornerstone.' It is a very positive, metaphorical term for something that is absolutely vital and provides the main support for something else. While 根基 is the whole foundation, 基石 is the most important part of that foundation.

Other alternatives include 底子 (dǐzi), which is a more colloquial way to say 'foundation' or 'background' (e.g., '他底子好' - He has a good background/foundation), and 渊源 (yuānyuán), which refers to the 'origin' or 'source' of something, often used for history or traditions.

比较：
1. 学习数学，基础(jīchǔ)很重要。
2. 这座大厦的根基(gēnjī)很深。
3. 诚信是合作的基石(jīshí)。

Understanding these distinctions helps you avoid repetitive language. For example, in an essay, you might start by discussing the 基础 of an idea, then move on to how it forms the 根基 of a larger theory, and finally call it the 基石 of a new school of thought.

总结：根基强调的是支撑力的持久和深厚。 (Summary: 'Gēnjī' emphasizes the persistence and depth of the supporting force.)

我们要追根溯源，找到问题的根本，才能稳固事业的根基。 (We must trace back to the source and find the root of the problem to stabilize the foundation of our career.)

How Formal Is It?

재미있는 사실

In ancient Chinese philosophy, the 'root' (根) was often contrasted with the 'branches' (末). Focusing on the 'root' meant focusing on morals and basics, while focusing on 'branches' meant chasing superficial things. This philosophy is embedded in the word 根基.

발음 가이드

UK /ɡən.dʒiː/

US /ɡən.dʒi/

In Mandarin, both syllables are first tone (flat and high). Stress is equal on both syllables.

라임이 맞는 단어

心机 (xīnjī) 时机 (shíjī) 危机 (wēijī) 飞机 (fēijī) 手机 (shǒujī) 商机 (shāngjī) 动机 (dòngjī) 生机 (shēngjī)

자주 하는 실수

Pronouncing 'gēn' like 'gen' in 'general'. It should be more like 'un' in 'under'.
Using the third tone for 'gēn' (gěn) instead of the first tone.
Pronouncing 'jī' with a 'y' sound like 'yi'.
Mixing up the tones, making it sound like 'gēnjí' (foundation in some dialects, but incorrect in standard Mandarin).
Failing to keep the pitch high and steady for both characters.

난이도

독해 4/5

The characters are common, but the abstract usage in formal texts can be challenging for intermediate learners.

쓰기 5/5

Requires knowledge of formal collocations like 奠定 and 巩固 to use correctly in essays.

말하기 3/5

Easy to pronounce, but often replaced by '基础' in casual speech.

듣기 4/5

Common in news and lectures; requires recognizing the context to distinguish from literal roots.

다음에 무엇을 배울까

선수 학습

根 (gēn) 基础 (jīchǔ) 开始 (kāishǐ) 重要 (zhòngyào) 建筑 (jiànzhù)

다음에 배울 것

基石 (jīshí) 奠定 (diàndìng) 巩固 (gǒnggù) 动摇 (dòngyáo) 根本 (gēnběn)

고급

底蕴 (dǐyùn) 脉络 (màiluò) 架构 (jiàgòu) 渊源 (yuānyuán) 命脉 (màiluò)

알아야 할 문법

Noun as Object of Formal Verbs

奠定根基 (diàndìng gēnjī)

Possessive Adjective with 根基

我的汉语根基 (wǒ de hànyǔ gēnjī)

Prepositional Phrase '从...上'

从根基上解决问题 (cóng gēnjī shàng jiějué wèntí)

Compound Noun Formation

经济根基 (jīngjì gēnjī)

Conditional '只有...才...'

只有根基牢固，大厦才不会倒塌。

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수준별 예문

房子的根基很重要。

The house's foundation is very important.

Simple [Noun] + [Adjective] structure.

树的根基在地下。

The roots (foundation) of the tree are underground.

Using '根基' in a literal physical sense.

我们要打好根基。

We need to lay a good foundation.

Verb '打好' (lay well) + '根基'.

他的汉语根基不错。

His Chinese foundation is not bad.

Applying '根基' to learning.

这个根基很牢固。

This foundation is very solid.

Using '牢固' as a common adjective for '根基'.

没有根基，房子会倒。

Without a foundation, the house will fall.

Conditional '没有...会...' structure.

根基是第一步。

The foundation is the first step.

Equative sentence with '是'.

看，这棵大树的根基。

Look, the foundation (roots) of this big tree.

Imperative '看' used to draw attention.

学习任何东西都要先打下根基。

When learning anything, you must first lay a foundation.

Using '打下' (to lay/strike down) with '根基'.

这座桥的根基在水面下。

The foundation of this bridge is below the water surface.

Describing location with '在...下'.

他的数学根基很好，所以学得快。

His math foundation is good, so he learns quickly.

Using '所以' to show cause and effect.

我们要建设稳固的根基。

We need to build a stable foundation.

Verb '建设' (build/construct) + '根基'.

没有根基，我们无法成功。

Without a foundation, we cannot succeed.

Using '无法' (unable to) in a more formal way.

老师帮我们打好了根基。

The teacher helped us lay a good foundation.

Resultative complement '好' after the verb '打'.

这个公司的根基很深。

This company has a deep foundation.

Using '深' to describe a long history.

你必须检查房子的根基。

You must check the house's foundation.

Using the modal verb '必须' (must).

深厚的根基是事业成功的关键。

A deep foundation is the key to career success.

Subject is a phrase '深厚的根基'.

这次危机动摇了该国的经济根基。

This crisis shook the country's economic foundation.

Verb '动摇' (to shake/undermine) is very common with '根基'.

我们的合作建立在信任的根基之上。

Our cooperation is built on the foundation of trust.

Structure '建立在...之上的' (built upon...).

只有根基牢固，大厦才不会倒塌。

Only if the foundation is solid will the skyscraper not collapse.

Conditional '只有...才...' (only if... then...).

他从小就奠定了良好的武术根基。

He laid a good foundation in martial arts from a young age.

Using the formal verb '奠定' (to lay).

我们要不断巩固国家的政治根基。

We must continuously consolidate the nation's political foundation.

Verb '巩固' (to consolidate) is a high-frequency collocation.

这个理论的根基是不正确的。

The foundation of this theory is incorrect.

Using '根基' for abstract intellectual concepts.

家族的根基在这次战争中被破坏了。

The family's foundation was destroyed during this war.

Passive voice with '被'.

教育是社会长治久安的根基。

Education is the foundation for a society's long-term peace and stability.

Abstract noun as a metaphorical foundation.

他的研究为这一学科奠定了坚实的根基。

His research laid a solid foundation for this discipline.

Structure '为...奠定...根基'.

根基不稳，任何努力都是徒劳的。

If the foundation is unstable, any effort is in vain.

Four-character phrase style '根基不稳'.

法律是现代文明的根基。

Law is the foundation of modern civilization.

Defining a core societal principle.

这家百年老店有着深厚的群众根基。

This century-old shop has a deep foundation among the masses.

Using '群众根基' to mean popular support.

我们必须防止腐败动摇国家的根基。

We must prevent corruption from shaking the foundation of the state.

Verb '防止' (to prevent) + object clause.

他的科学素养为他未来的成就打下了根基。

His scientific literacy laid the foundation for his future achievements.

Subject is an abstract quality '科学素养'.

由于根基太浅，这个项目很快就失败了。

Because the foundation was too shallow, this project failed quickly.

Using '由于' (due to) to explain failure.

这种思想动摇了传统道德的根基。

This school of thought shook the foundation of traditional morality.

Complex abstract subject and object.

一个民族的根基在于其独特的文化传统。

The foundation of a nation lies in its unique cultural traditions.

Structure '...的根基在于...' (The foundation of... lies in...).

只有不断创新，才能巩固企业的市场根基。

Only through continuous innovation can a company's market foundation be consolidated.

Complex conditional with '只有...才能...'.

他的文学创作有着深厚的古典文学根基。

His literary creation has a deep foundation in classical literature.

Using '有着' for possession of abstract qualities.

历史的研究需要建立在扎实的史料根基之上。

Historical research needs to be built on a solid foundation of historical data.

Using '史料根基' as a compound noun phrase.

腐败是动摇社会正义根基的毒瘤。

Corruption is a tumor that shakes the foundation of social justice.

Metaphorical use with '毒瘤' (tumor).

为了长治久安，必须从根基上解决社会不平等问题。

For long-term peace and stability, social inequality must be solved from its foundation.

Prepositional phrase '从根基上' (from the foundation).

该学说的根基虽然古老，但至今仍有现实意义。

Although the foundation of this theory is ancient, it still has practical significance today.

Concessive clause with '虽然...但...'.

这些基本原则构成了国际法的法律根基。

These basic principles constitute the legal foundation of international law.

Verb '构成' (constitute) used in a formal legal context.

任何忽视根基建设的举措都将导致最终的崩塌。

Any measure that ignores the construction of the foundation will lead to ultimate collapse.

Complex subject with a relative clause '忽视根基建设的'.

儒家思想两千年来一直是中华文明的道德根基。

Confucianism has been the moral foundation of Chinese civilization for two thousand years.

Adverbial '两千年来' indicating long duration.

通过深入调研，他试图触及这个社会问题的根基。

Through in-depth investigation, he tried to reach the foundation of this social problem.

Verb '触及' (touch upon/reach) used metaphorically.

如果不稳固根基，盲目扩张只会加速企业的灭亡。

If the foundation is not stabilized, blind expansion will only accelerate the enterprise's demise.

Negative conditional '如果不...只公...'.

他的哲学体系根基深厚，能够兼容并蓄各种流派。

His philosophical system has a deep foundation and can incorporate various schools of thought.

Using the idiom '兼容并蓄' (all-inclusive).

科学实验的严谨性是真理发现的根基。

The rigor of scientific experiments is the foundation of the discovery of truth.

Abstract noun '严谨性' (rigor) as the subject.

在全球化的浪潮中，我们必须守护民族文化的根基。

In the wave of globalization, we must protect the foundation of our national culture.

Metaphorical '浪潮' (wave) and '守护' (guard).

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奠定根基

巩固根基

动摇根基

深厚的根基

牢固的根基

扎实的根基

社会根基

理论根基

根基不稳

打下根基

자주 쓰는 구문

根基深厚

— Having a deep and solid foundation. Often used for people with great skill or companies with long histories.

这位艺术家的传统绘画根基深厚。

根基不牢

— The foundation is not firm. Used to warn about potential failure due to a weak start.

根基不牢，地动山摇。

动摇国家根基

— To shake the foundation of the nation. Usually refers to serious political or economic threats.

腐败问题可能会动摇国家根基。

奠定坚实的根基

— To lay a solid foundation. A standard phrase for starting a project or education well.

大学教育为他的职业生涯奠定了坚实的根基。

社会根基深厚

— Having deep roots in society. Often used for organizations or ideas that are widely accepted.

该教会在当地有着深厚的社会根基。

经济根基

— Economic foundation. Refers to the core sectors or stability of an economy.

制造业是该市的经济根基。

文化根基

— Cultural foundation. The core values and traditions of a group of people.

语言是一个民族的文化根基。

政治根基

— Political foundation. The support base or structural stability of a political system.

提高人民生活水平能巩固政治根基。

理论根基薄弱

— Weak theoretical foundation. Used in academic criticism.

这篇文章的论点因为理论根基薄弱而受到质疑。

从根基上解决

— To solve from the foundation. Meaning to find a fundamental solution rather than a surface-level one.

我们必须从根基上解决贫困问题。

자주 혼동되는 단어

根基 vs 基础 (jīchǔ)

基础 is more general; 根基 is deeper and more formal.

根基 vs 根本 (gēnběn)

根本 means 'root/essence' or 'at all'; 根基 means 'supporting foundation'.

根基 vs 基层 (jīcéng)

基层 refers to the bottom level or grassroots of an organization, not the structural foundation.

관용어 및 표현

"根深蒂固"

— Deep-rooted and firm. Used for habits, prejudices, or ideas that are very hard to change.

这种偏见在他心里已经根深蒂固了。

Formal/Literary

"固本培元"

— To strengthen the foundation and cultivate the vital spirit. Often used in medicine or organizational management.

企业在困难时期更要固本培元。

Formal/Classical

"根基不牢，地动山摇"

— If the foundation is not firm, the earth moves and the mountains shake. A warning about the importance of basics.

老师总是提醒我们：根基不牢，地动山摇。

Proverbial

"追根究底"

— To get to the bottom of something; to trace something back to its foundation.

他这个人就喜欢对所有事情追根究底。

Common

"根深叶茂"

— When the roots are deep, the leaves are lush. Meaning a strong foundation leads to great success.

只有根深叶茂，企业才能长久发展。

Literary

"本末倒置"

— To put the cart before the horse; to confuse the root with the branch.

不顾根基只求速度，无异于本末倒置。

Formal/Literary

"深根固邸"

— Deep roots and a firm base. Similar to 根基深厚.

这个家族在本地深根固邸，势力很大。

Classical

"拔树寻根"

— To pull up a tree to look for the roots. Meaning to get to the very heart of a matter.

我们要拔树寻根，彻底查清原因。

Literary

"根结底盘"

— Related to the core foundation or basic structure.

这个问题涉及到公司的根结底盘。

Formal

"根基扎实"

— Solid foundation. Although often used as a phrase, it functions like a four-character idiom in praise.

他的基本功练得非常根基扎实。

Neutral

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根基 vs 基础

Both translate to 'foundation'.

基础 is for basic skills/knowledge; 根基 is for structural stability and depth.

他的基础很好 (He has good basics) vs. 他的根基很深 (He has deep roots/foundation).

根基 vs 根本

Both contain the character '根'.

根本 is often an adverb or refers to the 'root cause'; 根基 is a noun for 'foundation structure'.

他根本不听 (He doesn't listen at all) vs. 动摇根基 (Shake the foundation).

根基 vs 基地

Both contain '基'.

基地 refers to a physical base for operations (like a military base or training base).

训练基地 (Training base) vs. 理论根基 (Theoretical foundation).

根基 vs 基石

Both mean 'foundation'.

基石 is more metaphorical, emphasizing the 'most important piece' (cornerstone).

诚信是基石 (Integrity is the cornerstone).

根基 vs 渊源

Both relate to the start of something.

渊源 refers specifically to historical origins or lineages.

历史渊源 (Historical origin) vs. 经济根基 (Economic foundation).

문장 패턴

[Subject] 为 [Purpose] 奠定了根基。

他的努力为公司的成功奠定了根基。

[Subject] 动摇了 [Object] 的根基。

通货膨胀动摇了国家的经济根基。

[Subject] 的根基在于 [Core Principle]。

科学的根基在于对真理的追求。

打好 [Skill] 的根基很重要。

打好数学的根基很重要。

只有根基 [Adjective]，才能 [Result]。

只有根基牢固，大厦才能屹立不倒。

从根基上 [Verb] [Problem]。

我们需要从根基上消除贫困。

[Subject] 有着深厚的 [Context] 根基。

他在这个城市有着深厚的社会根基。

[Concept] 是 [System] 的 [Metaphorical] 根基。

法治是现代社会的文明根基。

어휘 가족

명사

基础 (jīchǔ)

根本 (gēnběn)

基石 (jīshí)

基地 (jīdì)

동사

奠定 (diàndìng)

巩固 (gǒnggù)

动摇 (dòngyáo)

형용사

基本的 (jīběn de)

基础性的 (jīchǔxìng de)

扎实的 (zhāshi de)

사용법

frequency

Common in formal writing, news, and academic contexts; moderately common in serious daily conversation.

자주 하는 실수

Using 根基 for 'at all'. → 他根本不来。
You are confusing 根基 (foundation) with 根本 (at all).
Saying '做根基'. → 打下根基 / 奠定根基。
根基 requires more formal verbs like 打下 or 奠定.
Using 根基 for the bottom floor of a building. → 底层 (dǐcéng) or 一楼 (yīlóu).
根基 is the underground foundation, not the ground floor.
Mixing up 根基 and 基层. → 我们要关注基层员工。
基层 refers to grassroots/personnel; 根基 refers to structural foundation.
Using 根基 as an adjective like 'foundational'. → 基础性的工作 (jīchǔxìng de gōngzuò).
根基 is a noun. Use 基础性的 for the adjective form.

팁

Pair with 奠定

If you are writing about the start of a great achievement, always use '奠定根基'. It is the most natural and professional collocation.

Use in Business

In business meetings, use '巩固市场根基' to talk about strengthening your company's position. It sounds very strategic.

Noun Only

Remember that 根基 cannot be used as an adjective. Don't say '根基问题'; say '根本的问题' or '关系到根基的问题'.

Roots vs. Base

Remember the characters: 根 (root) + 基 (base). If the thing you are describing has 'grown' over time (like a culture), 根基 is the perfect word.

Foundational Skills

When teachers talk about '打好根基', they are telling you that you can't skip the boring basics if you want to reach the advanced levels.

Stability

In political news, 根基 is almost always about 'stability' (稳定). Watch for it in reports about government policies.

Literary Flair

Use 根基 in your creative writing to describe ancient families or old traditions to give them a sense of weight.

Avoid Repetition

In a long essay, alternate between 基础, 根基, and 基石 to keep your writing interesting while discussing foundations.

The Tree Metaphor

Always think of a tree. The 根基 is the part you can't see that makes everything you *can* see possible.

Tone Accuracy

Keep both tones flat and high (1st tone). This makes the word sound as stable as the concept it represents.

암기하기

기억법

Think of a **Gen**erous **Ji**ant building a house. He doesn't start with the roof; he starts by planting a giant **Root** (根) as his **Base** (基). That 'Root-Base' is the 根基.

시각적 연상

Imagine a massive oak tree. Above ground, you see the branches (results), but underground, you see a thick, solid foundation of roots. That underground part is the 根基.

Word Web

Building Roots Stability Start Support Depth Logic Tradition

챌린지

Try to use 根基 in three different ways today: once for a building, once for your studies, and once for a relationship. Write them down in your journal.

어원

The word 根基 combines two ancient Chinese characters. '根' (gēn) appears in early scripts as a pictograph for the root of a plant, representing the source or origin. '基' (jī) originally referred to the earth-based foundation of a wall or building. Together, they have been used for over two millennia to describe both physical and metaphorical foundations.

원래 의미: The physical foundation of a building or the root system of a plant.

Sino-Tibetan

문화적 맥락

When using 根基 in a political context, be aware that it often carries a strong connotation of supporting the existing system or status quo.

In English, we use 'foundation' for both buildings and ideas, but we rarely use 'roots' to describe the base of a building. 根基 bridges these two metaphors more naturally in Chinese.

The phrase '基础不牢，地动山摇' is often attributed to or popularized by Chinese political leaders to emphasize social stability. Classical texts like the 'Daxue' (Great Learning) discuss the importance of the 'root' (本) in personal cultivation. Modern Chinese literature often uses '根基' to describe the struggle between tradition and modernity.

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

Education

打下扎实的根基
知识根基
根基不牢
奠定根基

Business

市场根基
财务根基
巩固根基
动摇根基

Politics

执政根基
社会根基
国家根基
稳定根基

Construction

建筑根基
深厚根基
检查根基
稳固根基

Relationships

感情根基
信任根基
深厚根基
动摇根基

대화 시작하기

"你觉得学习一门新语言，最重要的根基是什么？"

"在你的国家，哪种产业被认为是经济的根基？"

"你认为一段长久的友谊需要什么样的根基？"

"你如何看待“根基不牢，地动山摇”这句话在工作中的应用？"

"在你的专业领域，哪些理论被视为学科的根基？"

일기 주제

写一写你在学习汉语过程中是如何打好根基的。

描述一个你认为有着深厚根基的文化传统或节日。

讨论一下如果一个社会的道德根基动摇了，会发生什么。

反思一下你的职业生涯中，哪些经历为你现在的成功奠定了根基。

写一段关于如何为一个新项目建立稳固根基的计划。

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

Yes, especially if you want to emphasize that you have a very solid or deep understanding of the basics. You can say '我的汉语根基很扎实.' This sounds more impressive and formal than just saying '基础很好'.

Yes, it literally means the foundation of a building. For example, '这座房子的根基由于地震受损了' (The foundation of this house was damaged by the earthquake).

Think of 基础 as 'the basics' or 'the first step.' Think of 根基 as 'the structural support' or 'the deep roots.' You build a house on a 基础, but its long-term stability depends on its 根基.

It is neutral but often appears in positive contexts like '奠定坚实的根基' (laying a solid foundation) or negative ones like '动摇根基' (shaking the foundation).

No, 根基 is always a noun. You must use it with a verb like 奠定 (lay), 巩固 (strengthen), or 打下 (establish).

Not commonly, but in business or social circles, saying someone has a '深厚的根基' can imply they have deep, unshakeable connections or power.

You use the verb 动摇 (dòngyáo). The phrase is '动摇根基'. This is very common in political and economic news.

Yes, it is considered a formal or literary word. In very casual speech, people prefer 基础 or 底子.

Absolutely. '我们的友谊有着深厚的根基' means your friendship is built on a very deep and stable foundation of time and trust.

The most common ones are 牢固 (firm), 深厚 (deep), 扎实 (solid), and 不稳 (unstable).

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