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A2 noun #2,800 가장 일반적인 9분 분량

货物

huowu 상위 2,800

연습하기 예시 노트와 팁 货物 30초 만에

설명 货物 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you can think of 货物 (huòwù) as a formal way to say 'things' that are in a store or a big truck. While you mostly use '东西' (dōngxi) for things you own, teachers introduce '货物' to help you recognize signs in shops or labels on boxes. It's like the difference between saying 'stuff' and 'goods'. You don't need to use it in every sentence yet, but when you see it on a shipping box, you should know it means there are products inside. At this stage, focus on the fact that 'huò' relates to buying and 'wù' relates to things.

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At the A2 level, you should start using 货物 (huòwù) in contexts involving shopping, simple business, and transportation. You are moving beyond just 'buying things' to 'transporting goods'. You should know that this word is a noun and usually acts as the object of a sentence. For example, 'The truck carries goods' (货车运送货物). You should also be able to use simple measure words like '件' (jiàn) with it. This is the level where you distinguish between your personal bags (行李) and the items being sold in a shop (货物).

By B1, you are expected to use 货物 (huòwù) in more complex logistical and commercial scenarios. You should be comfortable discussing the process of shipping, such as 'checking goods' (检查货物) or 'receiving goods' (收货物). You will encounter this word in reading passages about trade or the economy. You should also start noticing how it combines with other words to form phrases like '货物运输' (goods transportation). Your understanding should include the idea that '货物' is a collective noun often used to describe a whole batch of items rather than just one single thing.

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At the B2 level, 货物 (huòwù) becomes a key term for professional communication. You should use it accurately in business emails, reports, and discussions about the supply chain. You need to understand the nuances between '货物', '商品', and '产品'. For instance, you would use '货物' when discussing the physical risk of damage during sea freight. You should also be familiar with more advanced collocations like '货物清关' (customs clearance) and '大宗货物' (bulk cargo). At this stage, your usage should reflect an understanding of the formal register required in trade environments.

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At the C1 level, you should have a nuanced command of 货物 (huòwù) in specialized fields like international law, economics, and advanced logistics. You should be able to discuss the legal implications of '货物所有权' (ownership of goods) and understand how the term is defined in treaties like the CISG (Contracts for the International Sale of Goods). You can use the word in abstract or metaphorical ways in literature or high-level journalism, though its primary use remains technical. Your ability to switch between '货物', '物资', and '货品' based on the specific industry context (e.g., humanitarian vs. commercial) should be seamless.

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At the C2 level, your understanding of 货物 (huòwù) is near-native. You can appreciate the historical and etymological depth of the characters, tracing the concept of 'huò' back to ancient shell currency. You can engage in high-level debates about global trade policy, using '货物' to discuss trade deficits, tariffs, and non-tariff barriers with precision. You are also sensitive to the regional variations in how the word might be used in different parts of the Sinosphere. At this level, the word is not just a vocabulary item but a tool for complex socio-economic analysis.

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货物 30초 만에

货物 (huòwù) means goods, cargo, or merchandise in a formal business or logistics context.
It is composed of '货' (money/valuables) and '物' (things), emphasizing commercial value.
Commonly used with measure words like '批' (batch) or '件' (item) in professional settings.
It should not be used for personal belongings, where '东西' or '行李' is more appropriate.

The Chinese term 货物 (huòwù) is a formal and comprehensive noun used to describe physical objects that are intended for trade, transportation, or sale. To understand this word, we must look at its components: 货 (huò), which historically relates to money or valuables used in exchange, and 物 (wù), which means thing or matter. Together, they form a word that specifically targets the commercial nature of objects. Unlike the colloquial word 东西 (dōngxi), which can refer to almost anything, 货物 is strictly reserved for a business, logistics, or industrial context. You will encounter this word most frequently in settings like shipping ports, warehouses, retail supply chains, and economic reports. It represents the 'stuff' of global trade.

Commercial Context: In a business environment, this word refers to the inventory or stock that a company moves from point A to point B. It is the cargo on a ship and the merchandise in a freight train.

这批货物将于明天上午抵达港口。 (This batch of goods will arrive at the port tomorrow morning.)

The usage of 货物 has evolved with China's rise as a global manufacturing hub. In the modern era, it is the backbone of e-commerce discussions. When you track a package from an online retailer like Taobao or JD.com, the system often refers to the items being moved as 货物 until they reach the final consumer. It carries a sense of weight and volume, often implying a large quantity rather than a single individual item. If you are talking about a single pencil you bought, you wouldn't call it 货物 unless you were the wholesaler selling ten thousand of them.

Logistical Nuance: It is often paired with verbs like 运输 (transport), 储存 (store), and 交付 (deliver), emphasizing the movement and handling of trade items.

仓库里堆满了待发的货物。 (The warehouse is piled high with goods waiting to be sent out.)

Historically, the concept of 货物 was central to the Silk Road. Merchants would travel thousands of miles to exchange these 'goods' for gold or other commodities. Today, the word maintains that sense of value and exchange. It is not just an object; it is an object with a price tag and a destination. Whether it is raw materials like coal or finished products like smartphones, once they enter the stream of commerce, they are classified as 货物.

Legal and Formal Use: In insurance and legal contracts, '货物' defines the scope of what is being insured or sold, distinguishing physical property from intellectual property or services.

保险公司将对受损的货物进行赔偿。 (The insurance company will provide compensation for the damaged goods.)

Using 货物 (huòwù) correctly requires an understanding of its typical grammatical partners. Because it is a collective noun for merchandise, it is frequently used with measure words like 批 (pī - batch), 种 (zhǒng - kind), or 件 (jiàn - piece/item). When you are describing a large shipment, 批 is the most natural choice. For example, '这一批货物' (this batch of goods) sounds much more professional than saying '这些东西' in a trade context.

Common Verb Pairings: Verbs like 运送 (to transport), 检查 (to inspect), 签收 (to sign for and receive), and 积压 (to overstock/accumulate) are the bread and butter of sentences involving this word.

海关正在对进口货物进行严格检查。 (Customs is conducting a strict inspection of the imported goods.)

In sentence structure, 货物 usually functions as the object of a transaction or a movement. It is the thing being acted upon by the logistics system. You might say '货物已经发出了' (The goods have already been sent out). Notice how the sentence focuses on the status of the items rather than the items themselves. This word is also frequently modified by adjectives that describe its state, such as 受损的 (damaged), 廉价的 (cheap), or 危险的 (dangerous).

Specifying Types of Goods: You can combine 货物 with other nouns to create specific categories, such as 出口货物 (export goods) or 零售货物 (retail goods).

我们要确保货物在运输过程中不被损坏。 (We need to ensure the goods are not damaged during transportation.)

Furthermore, 货物 is often the subject of passive sentences in Chinese, especially in reporting. '货物被退回了' (The goods were returned). This passive structure is common in professional emails and logistics updates. If you are working in an office that handles supply chains, you will hear phrases like '货物清关' (customs clearance of goods) or '货物跟踪' (tracking of goods) daily. Mastery of this word allows you to navigate the professional world of Chinese commerce with precision.

Quantitative Descriptions: Words like 大宗 (large scale/bulk) often precede 货物 to describe massive shipments of raw materials.

这艘货轮装载了五万吨货物。 (This freighter is loaded with fifty thousand tons of cargo.)

You will hear 货物 (huòwù) in various professional and semi-professional settings throughout China and the Chinese-speaking world. One of the most common places is at transport hubs. If you visit a port like Shanghai or Ningbo-Zhoushan, the signage and the announcements will constantly refer to the movement of 货物. It is the standard term used by port authorities and shipping companies to describe everything from coal to high-tech electronics inside shipping containers.

News and Media: Economic news broadcasts frequently use this term when discussing trade balances, import-export volumes, and the 'Belt and Road' initiative.

今年第一季度，我国货物进出口总额大幅增长。 (In the first quarter of this year, the total value of our country's import and export of goods grew significantly.)

In the world of online shopping, which is ubiquitous in China, the term is used in the 'back-end' of the user experience. While a customer might say '我的快递' (my express delivery), the logistics company tracking the package will refer to it as 货物. When a package is stuck at a sorting center, the automated message might say '货物正在分拣中' (The goods are being sorted). This highlights the term's role as the technical descriptor for items in transit.

Warehousing and Retail: In large supermarkets like Sam's Club or Costco in China, staff members use '货物' when discussing stock levels or moving pallets of products.

请帮我把这些货物搬到二号仓库。 (Please help me move these goods to Warehouse No. 2.)

Legal and administrative contexts also heavily rely on this word. If you are filling out a customs declaration form (报关单) at a Chinese airport or border crossing, you will see a section asking you to list your 货物. Here, the word is used to differentiate commercial items from personal effects. In business negotiations, terms like '货物交付日期' (date of goods delivery) are standard. Hearing this word signals that the conversation has moved from casual talk to formal business transactions.

Professional Training: Students of international trade or logistics in China study '货物学' (Commodity Science) as a core subject.

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make is using 货物 (huòwù) to refer to their personal belongings. If you are moving houses and talking about your furniture and clothes, you should use 东西 (dōngxi) or 行李 (xíngli) if traveling. Calling your personal toothbrush '货物' makes it sound like you are planning to sell it or that it is part of a commercial shipment. Remember: 货物 implies a commercial value and a trade context.

Confusing it with 'Products': Another common error is confusing 货物 with 产品 (chǎnpǐn). While both can refer to the same physical item, 产品 emphasizes the manufacturing or creation aspect, whereas 货物 emphasizes the shipping and selling aspect.

Incorrect: 我在我的包里有很多货物。 (I have many 'goods' in my bag.)
Correct: 我在我的包里有很多东西。 (I have many things in my bag.)

Speakers also sometimes use 货物 when they should use 商品 (shāngpǐn). 商品 is specifically 'merchandise' or 'commodities' as seen from the consumer's perspective in a shop. 货物 is more about the physical bulk being moved. For example, a shelf in a store displays 商品, but the truck that delivered them was carrying 货物. Using the wrong term doesn't always break the meaning, but it makes your Chinese sound less natural in specific settings.

Abstract Usage Errors: Do not use 货物 to refer to abstract results or 'fruits' of labor. For that, use 成果 (chéngguǒ) or 产物 (chǎnwù).

Incorrect: 这是我们努力的货物。 (This is the 'goods' of our hard work.)
Correct: 这是我们努力的成果。 (This is the result of our hard work.)

Finally, pay attention to measure words. Using the general measure word 个 (gè) with 货物 is acceptable but often sounds slightly childish or uneducated in a business setting. Professionals will almost always use 件 (jiàn) for individual items or 批 (pī) for batches. Over-reliance on 个 is a sign of a beginner level, so as you move to CEFR A2 and above, try to integrate more specific measure words when discussing 货物.

To truly master 货物 (huòwù), you must understand how it sits within a family of similar terms. The most common alternative is 商品 (shāngpǐn). While both refer to things being sold, 商品 emphasizes the commercial value and the fact that it is a commodity in a market. If you are in a shopping mall, you are surrounded by 商品. If you are at a shipping dock, you are surrounded by 货物. The distinction is subtle but important for professional accuracy.

货物 vs. 产品 (chǎnpǐn): '产品' means 'product'. It focuses on the result of production. A factory produces '产品', but once those products are loaded onto a truck for delivery, they become '货物'.

这家公司生产高质量的产品，并通过海运将这些货物运往全球。 (This company produces high-quality products and ships these goods globally via sea.)

Another related term is 物品 (wùpǐn). This is a very broad term for 'articles' or 'items'. It is more formal than 东西 but less commercial than 货物. You might see a sign that says '请保管好您的个人物品' (Please take care of your personal belongings). You would never see '个人货物' in that context. 物品 is the best word for general items that aren't necessarily for sale.

货物 vs. 物资 (wùzī): '物资' refers to 'materials' or 'supplies', often in the context of relief efforts or strategic reserves (e.g., 救援物资 - relief supplies). 货物 is strictly commercial.

政府向灾区运送了大量的救援物资。 (The government sent a large amount of relief supplies to the disaster area.)

Finally, consider 货品 (huòpǐn). This is very similar to 货物 but is often used in retail inventory management. When a shopkeeper checks their stock, they might refer to the specific types of items as 货品. It carries a slightly more specific, countable feel than the collective and heavy-sounding 货物. Understanding these nuances allows you to choose the word that fits the exact 'flavor' of the situation you are describing.

Summary of Nuance: 1. 东西: Casual 'stuff'. 2. 物品: Formal 'items'. 3. 商品: Retail 'merchandise'. 4. 货物: Logistics 'cargo/goods'.

How Formal Is It?

재미있는 사실

The radical 贝 (shell) appears in many Chinese words related to wealth and value, such as 财 (wealth), 贵 (expensive), and 费 (fee). Even though shells haven't been used as money for thousands of years, the language preserves this history.

발음 가이드

UK /hwɔː˥˩ uː˥˩/

US /hwɔː˥˩ uː˥˩/

In Mandarin, both syllables carry equal lexical stress as they are both 4th tone content words.

라임이 맞는 단어

错 (cuò) 过 (guò) 落 (luò) 阔 (kuò) 路 (lù) 步 (bù) 度 (dù) 付 (fù)

자주 하는 실수

Pronouncing 'huo' as 'hu' (missing the 'o' sound).
Using the wrong tone (e.g., 2nd or 3rd tone) which might sound like 'fire' (火) or 'living' (活).
Failing to make the 4th tone sharp enough, making it sound like a neutral tone.
Confusing 'wu' with 'wo'.
Merging the two syllables into one blurred sound.

난이도

독해 2/5

The characters are common but the context is often technical.

쓰기 3/5

Writing '货' and '物' requires attention to stroke order and radicals.

말하기 2/5

Double 4th tones are easy to pronounce but require clarity.

듣기 2/5

Distinctive sound, unlikely to be confused with other words if 4th tones are clear.

다음에 무엇을 배울까

선수 학습

东西物车买

다음에 배울 것

贸易物流海关仓库运输

고급

提单离岸价到岸价保税仓清关

알아야 할 문법

Measure words for nouns

一批货物 (a batch of goods), 一件货物 (an item of goods).

The 'Ba' (把) construction

请把货物搬走。 (Please move the goods away.)

Passive voice with 'Bei' (被)

货物被雨淋湿了。 (The goods were soaked by the rain.)

Locative phrases

货物在仓库里。 (The goods are in the warehouse.)

Resultative complements

货物送到了。 (The goods have been delivered/arrived.)

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수준별 예문

商店里有很多货物。

There are many goods in the store.

Simple Subject + Verb + Object structure.

这些货物很贵。

These goods are very expensive.

Using '这些' (these) as a demonstrative.

这是什么货物？

What kind of goods are these?

Basic question form with '什么'.

我不买这个货物。

I am not buying these goods.

Negation with '不'.

车上有货物。

There are goods on the car.

Locative structure: Place + 上 + 有 + Object.

他有货物。

He has goods.

Basic 'Subject + 有 + Object' sentence.

好的货物。

Good goods.

Adjective + 的 + Noun.

看，那些货物！

Look, those goods!

Imperative with '看'.

货车正在运送货物。

The truck is transporting goods.

Use of '正在' for continuous action.

我们要检查这些货物。

We need to check these goods.

Modal verb '要' indicating necessity.

这件货物很重。

This item of goods is very heavy.

Using the measure word '件'.

货物已经到了。

The goods have already arrived.

Use of '已经...了' for completed action.

他在搬运货物。

He is moving/carrying goods.

Verb '搬运' (to carry/move).

这里有很多种货物。

There are many kinds of goods here.

Using '种' to indicate variety.

请把货物放进仓库。

Please put the goods into the warehouse.

Using the '把' construction for disposal.

这些货物是给你的。

These goods are for you.

Using '是...的' to indicate purpose/belonging.

由于天气原因，货物延迟了。

Due to weather reasons, the goods were delayed.

Using '由于' to state a cause.

请确认货物的数量。

Please confirm the quantity of the goods.

Formal verb '确认' (confirm).

这批货物需要出口到英国。

This batch of goods needs to be exported to the UK.

Using '批' as a measure word for batches.

如果你收到货物，请告诉我。

If you receive the goods, please tell me.

Conditional '如果...请' structure.

货物在运输中损坏了。

The goods were damaged during transport.

Locative '在...中' meaning 'during/in'.

我们需要更多的货物来填充货架。

We need more goods to fill the shelves.

Using '来' to indicate purpose.

这些货物符合质量标准。

These goods meet the quality standards.

Verb '符合' (to match/meet).

货物的价格每天都在变。

The price of goods changes every day.

Using '都' to emphasize 'every'.

海关对这批货物进行了抽样检查。

Customs conducted a random inspection on this batch of goods.

Using '对...进行' to perform an action on something.

货物积压在港口，无法按时运出。

Goods are piled up at the port and cannot be shipped out on time.

Verb '积压' (overstock/pile up).

我们要为这批货物办理保险。

We need to handle insurance for this batch of goods.

Verb phrase '办理保险' (to handle insurance).

货物的包装必须足够坚固。

The packaging of the goods must be strong enough.

Using '必须' (must) and '足够' (enough).

这些货物属于危险品，需要特殊处理。

These goods are dangerous goods and require special handling.

Verb '属于' (belong to/be classified as).

货物交付后，所有权将发生转移。

After the delivery of goods, ownership will be transferred.

Abstract concept '所有权' (ownership).

我们正在寻找长期供应货物的伙伴。

We are looking for partners for long-term supply of goods.

Present continuous with '正在'.

货物短缺导致了市场价格上涨。

The shortage of goods led to a rise in market prices.

Resultative structure '导致了' (led to).

该合同规定了货物的检验程序和赔偿条款。

The contract stipulates the inspection procedures and compensation clauses for the goods.

Formal verb '规定' (stipulate).

跨境电商的发展极大地促进了货物的全球流动。

The development of cross-border e-commerce has greatly promoted the global flow of goods.

Adverb '极大地' (greatly) + Verb.

海关官员扣押了那批涉嫌走私的货物。

Customs officials seized that batch of goods suspected of being smuggled.

Complex verb '扣押' (seize) and '涉嫌' (suspected of).

货物的无形损耗也是企业需要考虑的成本。

The intangible wear and tear (depreciation) of goods is also a cost that enterprises need to consider.

Economic term '无形损耗' (intangible loss).

这些货物在保税区内可以免征关税。

These goods can be exempted from customs duties within the bonded zone.

Technical term '保税区' (bonded zone) and '免征' (exempt).

货物的属性决定了其运输方式的选择。

The attributes of the goods determine the choice of their transportation mode.

Formal noun '属性' (attribute/property).

我们必须对货物的来源进行严格的尽职调查。

We must conduct strict due diligence on the source of the goods.

Business term '尽职调查' (due diligence).

货物的积压往往预示着消费需求的疲软。

The accumulation of goods often portends weakness in consumer demand.

Economic verb '预示' (portend/signal).

在全球化背景下，货物的同质化竞争愈演愈烈。

In the context of globalization, the homogenized competition of goods is intensifying.

Advanced idiom '愈演愈烈' (becoming more intense).

货物不仅仅是贸易的对象，更是文化交流的载体。

Goods are not just objects of trade, but also carriers of cultural exchange.

Philosophical structure '不仅仅是...更是...'.

该项政策旨在优化货物的跨境通关效率。

This policy aims to optimize the cross-border customs clearance efficiency of goods.

Formal verb '旨在' (aimed at).

货物的资本化运作是现代金融体系的重要组成部分。

The capitalized operation of goods is an important part of the modern financial system.

Complex noun phrase '资本化运作'.

法律对货物的瑕疵担保责任有明确的界定。

The law has a clear definition of the warranty liability for defects in goods.

Legal term '瑕疵担保责任' (warranty against defects).

货物的流动性直接影响到企业的资金周转率。

The liquidity of goods directly affects the capital turnover rate of an enterprise.

Financial term '资金周转率' (capital turnover rate).

我们要警惕以货物贸易为掩护的洗钱行为。

We must be vigilant against money laundering activities disguised as trade in goods.

Legal warning '以...为掩护' (under the guise of).

货物的价值在很大程度上取决于其稀缺性。

The value of goods depends to a large extent on their scarcity.

Economic principle '稀缺性' (scarcity).

자주 쓰는 조합

运输货物

检查货物

签收货物

货物积压

货物出口

危险货物

货物交付

大宗货物

货物损坏

进口货物

자주 쓰는 구문

货物贸易

— Trade in goods. Used in economic reports.

货物贸易是两国经济的基础。

货物清单

— Packing list or inventory list. Used in shipping.

请核对一下货物清单。

货物周转

— Turnover of goods. Used in logistics management.

提高货物周转速度可以增加利润。

货物保险

— Cargo insurance. Used in finance/shipping.

建议为长途运输购买货物保险。

货物运输代理

— Freight forwarder. A professional service.

我们联系了一家货物运输代理公司。

货物吞吐量

— Cargo throughput. Used to measure port capacity.

该港口的货物吞吐量世界第一。

货物滞留

— Retention or delay of goods. Used in customs/shipping.

货物滞留导致了额外的费用。

货物分拣

— Sorting of goods. Used in warehouses.

自动化系统加快了货物分拣的速度。

货物所有权

— Ownership of goods. A legal term.

货物所有权在签收后转移。

货物规格

— Specifications of goods. Technical details.

我们需要确认货物的规格是否正确。

자주 혼동되는 단어

货物 vs 行李 (xíngli)

Use 行李 for personal suitcases/bags; use 货物 for commercial goods.

货物 vs 产品 (chǎnpǐn)

Use 产品 to emphasize the maker/brand; use 货物 to emphasize the transport/shipping.

货物 vs 东西 (dōngxi)

Use 东西 for general 'stuff' in daily life; use 货物 only in business/logistics.

관용어 및 표현

"货真价实"

— Genuine goods at a fair price. Used to describe honest business.

这家店的衣服货真价实。

Commendatory

"奇货可居"

— Hoarding rare goods for a better price. Often used for opportunism.

他想趁机奇货可居，大赚一笔。

Derogatory/Neutral

"待价而沽"

— Waiting for a good price to sell. Can refer to goods or talents.

这些珍贵的货物正待价而沽。

Formal

"百货公司"

— Department store. Literally 'hundred goods company'.

我们在百货公司买了很多东西。

Neutral

"货运代理"

— Freight forwarding (often acts like an idiom in business).

货运代理在国际贸易中很重要。

Professional

"货比三家"

— Shop around; compare goods from three houses.

买大件货物时，最好货比三家。

Common

"物美价廉"

— Good quality and cheap price (closely related to 货).

这里的货物物美价廉。

Commendatory

"货到付款"

— Cash on delivery (COD).

我们支持货到付款服务。

Business

"通货膨胀"

— Inflation (literally 'currency/goods swelling').

通货膨胀导致物价上涨。

Economic

"货源充足"

— Sufficient supply of goods.

春节期间，各类货源充足。

Formal

혼동하기 쉬운

货物 vs 商品

Both mean 'goods'.

商品 is 'merchandise' for sale in a shop; 货物 is 'cargo' or 'goods' in a logistics chain.

货架上的商品很漂亮，但运输这些货物很辛苦。

货物 vs 物资

Both refer to physical items.

物资 refers to strategic supplies or relief materials; 货物 is purely commercial.

我们要区分商业货物和救援物资。

货物 vs 货品

Very similar meaning.

货品 is often used in retail for specific types of inventory; 货物 is more collective and heavy.

我们需要核对货品的种类。

货物 vs 物品

General term for items.

物品 is formal but not necessarily commercial; 货物 is always commercial.

个人物品不能算作商业货物。

货物 vs 财富

Both relate to value.

财富 is 'wealth' (abstract or total); 货物 is physical 'goods'.

货物只是财富的一种表现形式。

문장 패턴

这[Measure Word]货物是[Adjective]的。

这件货物是重的。

[Subject]正在[Verb]货物。

他正在搬运货物。

由于[Reason]，货物[Result]。

由于大雨，货物延迟了。

请[Verb]货物的[Noun]。

请检查货物的数量。

这批货物需要进行[Action]。

这批货物需要进行抽样检查。

货物被[Agent][Verb]了。

货物被海关扣留了。

货物的[Attribute]取决于[Factor]。

货物的价格取决于市场需求。

[Context]下，货物的[Abstract Noun]愈发重要。

在全球化背景下，货物的流动性愈发重要。

어휘 가족

명사

货车 (huòchē) - Truck

货船 (huòchuán) - Cargo ship

货架 (huòjià) - Shelf

货源 (huòyuán) - Source of goods

货款 (huòkuǎn) - Payment for goods

货号 (huòhào) - Item number

货仓 (huòcāng) - Warehouse/Cargo hold

동사

进货 (jìnhuò) - To stock up on goods

出货 (chūhuò) - To ship goods

卸货 (xièhuò) - To unload goods

验货 (yànhuò) - To inspect goods

退货 (tuìhuò) - To return goods

형용사

货真价实的 (huòzhēn jiàshí de) - Genuine and fairly priced

缺货的 (quēhuò de) - Out of stock

사용법

frequency

Very high in business, logistics, and news; low in casual conversation between friends.

자주 하는 실수

Using 货物 for your luggage. → 行李 (xíngli)
Cargo is for trade; luggage is for travel.
Saying '我有五个货物' for personal items. → 我有五个东西。
货物 is for commercial merchandise, not random personal objects.
Confusing 货物 with 货币 (huòbì). → 货币 means 'currency'.
While both have '货', 货币 is money itself, 货物 are the things you buy with money.
Using 货物 to mean 'result'. → 成果 (chéngguǒ)
English 'fruits of labor' shouldn't be translated as 'goods of labor'.
Incorrect measure word '个'. → 件 (jiàn) or 批 (pī)
While '个' is understood, '件' and '批' are the correct professional measure words.

팁

Check your context

Before using 货物, ask yourself: 'Is this for business or logistics?' If yes, use it. If it's for your personal life, use 东西.

Use '批' for batches

When talking about a shipment, '这一批货物' sounds much more professional than '这些货物'.

Learn the compounds

Words like 货车 (truck) and 货船 (ship) are easy to remember once you know 货物.

Master the 4th tone

Mandarin 4th tones are like a karate chop. HUO! WU! Sharp and short.

Radical power

Remember the 贝 (shell) radical. It connects 货物 to money and trade history.

Look for it in news

Scanning economic headlines for 货物 is a great way to see how it's used in the real world.

Business Etiquette

Using 货物 in a meeting shows you have a professional grasp of the language.

Global Trade

Think of China as the 'World's Factory' to remember why 货物 is such an important word.

Logistics Alerts

Pay attention to your package tracking apps; they use 货物 terminology constantly.

Visual Cues

Associate 货物 with the image of a massive shipping container port.

암기하기

기억법

Think of 'HUO' as 'Whoa, look at all this money (贝)!' and 'WU' as 'Woo, look at all these things!'. Together, they are 'Whoa-Woo' - the excitement of a full warehouse of goods.

시각적 연상

Imagine a huge shipping container (物) filled with giant shiny shells (货/贝) being lifted by a crane at a port.

Word Web

货物 (Center) 运输 (Transport) 海关 (Customs) 仓库 (Warehouse) 买卖 (Buy/Sell) 集装箱 (Container) 货车 (Truck) 货船 (Ship) 订单 (Order)

챌린지

Go to a news site like China Daily (Chinese version) and search for '货物'. See how many times it appears in the headlines of the economy section.

어원

The character 货 (huò) is composed of the radical 贝 (bèi), which means 'shell'. In ancient China, shells were used as money. The upper part is 化 (huà), meaning 'change' or 'transform'. Thus, 货 originally referred to things that could be transformed into money or exchanged. The character 物 (wù) originally referred to 'oxen' or 'creatures' (with the 牛 ox radical) and later expanded to mean 'all things' or 'matter'.

원래 의미: Commercial valuables and physical objects of trade.

Sino-Tibetan (Sinitic)

문화적 맥락

No specific sensitivities, but ensure you don't use '货物' to describe people, as it objectifies them (though sometimes used in slang/derogatory ways, it is best avoided).

Western speakers often use the word 'stuff' or 'things' where Chinese speakers would use '货物' if the context is even slightly professional. In English, 'cargo' is usually restricted to ships/planes, but '货物' is more versatile.

The term appears in the 'Records of the Grand Historian' (史记) when discussing ancient trade. Modern Chinese logistics companies like SF Express use technical terminology involving '货物' in their tracking systems. The 'China Railway Express' (中欧班列) is frequently described as carrying '货物' across Eurasia.

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

At a Shipping Port

请出示货物清单。
货物正在装船。
这批货物需要清关。
港口货物吞吐量很大。

In a Warehouse

货物存放在二楼。
我们需要清点货物。
请小心搬运货物。
这里有积压的货物。

Online Shopping

货物已发出。
我还没收到货物。
货物在运输中损坏了。
我要退回这些货物。

Customs Office

您有需要申报的货物吗？
这些货物严禁进口。
请配合检查货物。
货物被海关扣留了。

Business Meeting

货物的质量很有保证。
我们讨论一下货物交付的时间。
这批货物的利润很高。
我们要寻找新的货物来源。

대화 시작하기

"你最近收到的那批货物质量怎么样？ (How was the quality of the batch of goods you received recently?)"

"你知道这艘船装载的是什么货物吗？ (Do you know what kind of cargo this ship is carrying?)"

"如果货物在运输中受损，谁来负责？ (If the goods are damaged during transport, who is responsible?)"

"我们需要多少天才能把这些货物运到上海？ (How many days do we need to transport these goods to Shanghai?)"

"这批货物的出口手续办好了吗？ (Are the export procedures for this batch of goods ready?)"

일기 주제

描述一次你等待货物送达的经历。 (Describe an experience of waiting for goods to be delivered.)

如果你拥有一家物流公司，你会如何管理你的货物？ (If you owned a logistics company, how would you manage your goods?)

讨论货物全球流动对环境的影响。 (Discuss the impact of the global flow of goods on the environment.)

写一段关于海关检查货物的虚构故事。 (Write a short fictional story about customs inspecting goods.)

为什么在商业中使用“货物”而不是“东西”？ (Why is 'huòwù' used instead of 'dōngxi' in business?)

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

Technically yes if you are a wholesaler, but in daily life, just say '买的东西' (things I bought). Using 货物 sounds too formal for a bag of apples.

For a single item, use 件 (jiàn). For a large group or batch, use 批 (pī). For a container or load, use 吨 (dùn - ton) or 厢 (xiāng - carload).

Like most Chinese nouns, it is neither. It is a collective concept. You specify quantity with numbers and measure words, like '三件货物' (three items of goods).

No, 货物 specifically refers to tangible, physical objects. Digital products are usually called '电子产品' or '虚拟商品'.

货 is the shorthand and can be used in compounds (like 货车) or informally. 货物 is the full, formal noun.

You say 危险货物 (wēixiǎn huòwù). This is a standard term in shipping and safety regulations.

In a logistics context (like transporting livestock), animals can be referred to as 货物, but it is more polite to use '活体动物'.

Yes, it is standard throughout the Chinese-speaking world, including Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore.

It is 货物清关 (huòwù qīngguān). This is a very common phrase in international trade.

No, it is strictly a noun. To say 'to ship goods,' you use verbs like 发货 or 运货.

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