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A2 adjective 8분 분량

独身

dushen
예시 独身 30초 만에
설명 独身 in your Level:
At the A1 level, students usually focus on basic identity. While '单身' (dān shēn) is the primary word taught for 'single,' it is helpful to recognize '独身' (dú shēn) as its more formal cousin. At this stage, you don't need to use it in complex sentences, but you should understand that '独' means 'alone' and '身' means 'body.' If you see '独身' in a simple text, think of it as a formal way of saying someone is not married. You might see it in a basic introduction like '他独身' (He is single), though '他是单身' is much more natural for beginners. Focus on the visual of one person standing alone to remember the characters. Don't worry about the philosophical nuances yet; just treat it as a synonym for 'unmarried' that you might see on a form or in a storybook. Most A1 learners will find '单身' easier to pronounce and use, but knowing '独身' gives you a head start on formal vocabulary.
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At the A2 level, you begin to describe lifestyles and habits. This is where '独身' becomes more useful. You can start using it in the phrase '独身生活' (dú shēn shēng huó) to describe a single life. For example, '我喜欢独身生活' (I like living single). You should begin to notice the difference between '单身' (not having a partner) and '独身' (the state of being an unmarried person). In A2 reading materials, you might encounter '独身' when reading about famous people or characters who live alone. You can also learn the related word '独自' (dú zì - alone) to see how the '独' character functions. At this level, focus on the pattern: [Person] + [Verb] + 独身 + [Noun]. For instance, '他过着独身生活' (He lives a single life). This helps you move beyond simple 'Subject-Verb-Object' sentences into more descriptive Chinese.
By B1, you are expected to discuss social issues and personal philosophies. '独身' is essential for talking about the 'Single Economy' (独身经济) or the choice to remain unmarried (独身主义). You should be able to explain *why* someone might choose to be '独身' using transition words like '因为...所以...' (because... therefore...). For example, '因为她追求自由，所以她选择保持独身' (Because she pursues freedom, she chooses to remain single). You will also start hearing this word in news broadcasts and podcasts about urban life in China. You should understand that '独身' sounds more mature and intentional than '单身.' At B1, you can also start using '独身者' (dú shēn zhě) to refer to a single person as a category of people. This is useful for writing essays about modern society or discussing the pros and cons of marriage versus singlehood.
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At the B2 level, you should have a firm grasp of the nuance between '独身,' '单身,' and '未婚.' You will encounter '独身' in more academic or literary contexts. For instance, you might analyze a character's '独身状态' (state of singlehood) in a modern Chinese novel. You should be able to use the word in formal debates or presentations about demographics. Phrases like '奉行独身主义' (practicing celibacy/singlism) should be part of your active vocabulary. You will also see '独身' used in the context of the 'Double Eleven' festival or marketing strategies targeting '独身人士.' At this level, you can appreciate the cultural weight of the word—how it represents a shift from traditional family-centric values to modern individualism. You should be comfortable using it in complex sentences with multiple clauses, such as '尽管社会压力很大，但他依然坚持独身，不愿为了结婚而结婚' (Despite great social pressure, he still insists on remaining single, unwilling to marry just for the sake of marrying).
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At the C1 level, you are exploring the deeper philosophical and historical layers of the Chinese language. '独身' may appear in discussions about religious celibacy in Buddhism or Taoism, or in historical accounts of the 'New Woman' movement in early 20th-century China. You should be able to discuss the evolution of the term from a potentially negative social status to a symbol of urban sophistication. You might encounter the term in legal texts or high-level sociological research papers. Your usage of '独身' should be precise; you use it to evoke a specific register of formality or to highlight the 'chosen' nature of singlehood. You can also use it metaphorically or in idiomatic expressions. At this level, you should be able to critique the social implications of '独身' in China, such as the tension between the 'single economy' and the government's efforts to encourage marriage and child-rearing. You'll recognize the word in the works of authors like Eileen Chang or Lu Xun, where the state of being '独身' is often tied to themes of modernization and alienation.
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At the C2 level, your mastery of '独身' is near-native. You understand its subtle interplay with other terms like '孑然一身' (jié rán yī shēn - all alone in the world) or '独身自好' (dú shēn zì hào - to keep oneself pure/independent). You can use '独身' in highly specialized contexts, such as discussing the 'Bachelor of Arts' (though '学士' is the formal term, '独身' relates to the historical root of bachelorhood) or in deep theological debates about celibacy. You can write persuasive op-eds or academic theses on the impact of '独身' trends on China's future pension systems and social structures. Your understanding extends to the 'vibe' of the word—how it can sound noble, tragic, or defiant depending on the context. You are also aware of regional variations and how the term might be perceived differently in Taiwan, Hong Kong, or Mainland China. At this level, the word is not just a vocabulary item but a tool for nuanced expression of social identity and existential choice.
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예시

独身 30초 만에

  • 独身 (dú shēn) is a formal adjective meaning 'single' or 'unmarried,' often implying a deliberate lifestyle choice.
  • It is composed of '独' (alone) and '身' (body), emphasizing the state of being an independent individual.
  • Commonly used in phrases like '独身主义' (singlism) and '过着独身生活' (living a single life).
  • It differs from '单身' (casual singlehood) by being more formal and often suggesting a more permanent or serious status.

The term 独身 (dú shēn) is a sophisticated and multifaceted adjective in Chinese that primarily translates to 'single,' 'unmarried,' or 'celibate.' While English speakers might use the word 'single' to describe anyone not currently in a relationship, 独身 carries a slightly more formal, permanent, or lifestyle-oriented connotation. It is composed of two characters: 独 (dú), meaning 'alone' or 'independent,' and 身 (shēn), meaning 'body' or 'self.' Together, they describe the state of being a 'single body' or an independent individual in the context of marital or domestic status.

Formal Status
In official documents, sociological studies, or formal introductions, 独身 is used to denote the state of not being married. Unlike the more casual '单身' (dān shēn), which people use on dating apps or in casual conversation, 独身 often implies a more settled state of being unmarried.
Lifestyle Choice
It is frequently paired with '主义' (zhǔ yì - ism) to form 独身主义 (celibacy or the ideology of remaining single). This refers to a conscious choice to remain unmarried or unattached, often seen as a modern lifestyle trend in urban China.

他为了事业，决定终身保持独身。

(For the sake of his career, he decided to remain single for his entire life.)

Historically, Chinese culture has placed an immense emphasis on the family unit and the continuation of the lineage. Consequently, the term 独身 was once viewed with a degree of skepticism or pity. However, in the 21st century, particularly in Tier 1 cities like Shanghai and Beijing, the term has been reclaimed. It now often signals financial independence, personal freedom, and a rejection of traditional societal pressures. When you hear someone describe themselves as a 独身者 (dú shēn zhě), they are often asserting their autonomy rather than lamenting a lack of a partner.

In literature and media, 独身 is frequently used to describe characters who are 'lone wolves' or those who have dedicated their lives to a specific cause, such as art, science, or religion. It evokes a sense of solitude that is not necessarily lonely, but rather focused and self-contained. Understanding the nuance between 'being alone' (独自) and 'being single' (独身) is crucial for mastering intermediate Chinese social vocabulary.

Using 独身 correctly requires attention to its role as an adjective that often functions as a noun or part of a verb phrase. It is rarely used as a simple predicate like 'He is single' (which would typically use '单身'). Instead, it is usually embedded in structures that describe a state of living or a philosophy.

Describing Lifestyle
The most common way to use it is with the verb '过着' (guò zhe - living). For example: 过着独身生活 (Living a single life). This emphasizes the daily reality of being unmarried.

王教授多年来一直过着独身的生活，潜心研究历史。

(Professor Wang has lived a single life for many years, immersing himself in historical research.)

Another frequent construction involves the verb '保持' (bǎo chí - to maintain). When someone 'maintains singlehood' (保持独身), it implies a deliberate effort or a continued state. This is often used in biographies or news reports about public figures who have never married.

The '主义' Construction
As mentioned, 独身主义 is the Chinese equivalent of 'singlism' or 'celibacy.' You can say someone '奉行独身主义' (fèng xíng - to pursue/follow) or '是个独身主义者' (is a celibate/single person by choice).

When describing a person who is single, you can use 独身人士 (dú shēn rén shì - single person/personnel). This is common in the context of marketing ('products for single people') or social policy. For instance, '独身人士的住房问题' (housing issues for single people) is a common topic in modern urban planning discussions.

You will encounter 独身 in specific environments that lean toward the formal, the sociological, or the philosophical. Understanding these contexts helps you distinguish it from the ubiquitous '单身'.

News and Media
In reports about demographic changes, such as the 'Single Economy' (独身经济), journalists use this word to describe the growing number of adults living alone. You'll hear phrases like '独身潮' (dú shēn cháo - the wave of singlehood) to describe the trend of delaying or avoiding marriage.

随着城市化进程，独身人口在不断增加。

(With the process of urbanization, the single population is constantly increasing.)

In legal and administrative contexts, while '未婚' (wèi hūn - unmarried) is the standard technical term, 独身 is sometimes used in older documents or specific certificates, such as a '独身证明' (dú shēn zhèng míng - Certificate of Single Status/Bachelorhood), which was historically required for certain legal procedures in China.

Literature and Film
In novels, particularly those dealing with existential themes or the lives of independent women, 独身 is used to paint a picture of self-reliance. It often carries a more dignified tone than '单身'. A character might say, '我享受我的独身状态' (I enjoy my state of being single).

Finally, in religious or spiritual discussions, 独身 is the standard term for celibacy. For example, Catholic priests or certain Buddhist practitioners are described as 守独身 (shǒu dú shēn - observing celibacy). In this context, it is a sacred vow rather than just a lack of a partner.

For English speakers, the primary hurdle is distinguishing 独身 from several related terms that all translate to 'single' or 'alone' in English. Using them interchangeably can lead to confusion or unintended formality.

独身 vs. 单身
This is the most common mistake. 单身 (dān shēn) is the everyday word for 'unattached' or 'not in a relationship.' If you are at a party and someone asks if you have a boyfriend, you should answer '我是单身.' Using '我是独身' here would sound overly dramatic, as if you have taken a vow of celibacy or are making a grand sociological statement.
独身 vs. 孤独
孤独 (gū dú) means 'lonely' or 'solitary.' While 独身 describes a marital status, 孤独 describes an emotional state. You can be 独身 without being 孤独, and you can certainly be 孤独 while being married.

Wrong: 我觉得很独身。(I feel very single - status is not a feeling.)

Right: 我觉得很孤独。(I feel very lonely.)

Another mistake involves the word order. Because 独身 often functions as a modifier for 'life' or 'person,' students sometimes forget the '的' (de) or use it in places where a noun is needed. Remember that '独身者' is the person, while '独身' is the state.

Lastly, be careful with the intensity. Since 独身 is a binary status (married or not), using intensifiers like '非常' (fēi cháng - extremely) or '有点儿' (yǒu diǎnr - a bit) is grammatically incorrect. You cannot be 'a bit celibate.'

To truly master the concept of 'singlehood' in Chinese, you should be familiar with the spectrum of words ranging from clinical to derogatory to celebratory.

单身 (dān shēn)
The most versatile term. It covers everyone from a college student looking for a date to a divorced adult. It is neutral and safe for 90% of conversations.
未婚 (wèi hūn)
Literally 'not yet married.' This is the clinical term found on government forms, hospital records, and passports. It implies that marriage might happen in the future.
光棍 (guāng gùn)
Literally 'bare branch.' This is a slang term, historically derogatory, referring to men who are unable to find a wife (often due to poverty). Nowadays, it is used self-deprecatingly or humorously among friends, especially on 'Singles' Day.'

Comparison:
1. 他是未婚 (Legal status).
2. 他是单身 (Social status/dating).
3. 他是独身主义者 (Philosophical choice).

For women, you might encounter the controversial term 剩女 (shèng nǚ), or 'leftover women,' which refers to successful urban women who remain unmarried past their late 20s. While 独身 is a neutral or positive descriptor of this state, '剩女' is often seen as sexist and derogatory. Conversely, the term 独身贵族 (dú shēn guì zú) is a complimentary term for wealthy, independent singles who enjoy a high quality of life.

발음 가이드

UK /duː ʃɛn/
US /du ʃɛn/
The stress is balanced between the two syllables, though the rising tone on 'dú' makes it feel slightly more emphasized.
라임이 맞는 단어
出身 (chū shēn) 全身 (quán shēn) 健身 (jiàn shēn) 自身 (zì shēn) 修身 (xiū shēn) 亲身 (qīn shēn) 献身 (xiàn shēn) 终身 (zhōng shēn)
자주 하는 실수
  • Pronouncing 'dú' with a falling tone (dù), which sounds like 'stomach' (肚).
  • Pronouncing 'shēn' like 'shēng', which changes the meaning entirely.
  • Muddling the 'sh' sound with a 's' sound.
  • Using the wrong tone for 'dú', making it sound like 'poison' (dú - same tone, context matters!).
  • Not sustaining the high level tone on 'shēn'.
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수준별 예문

1

他是一个独身的人。

He is a single person.

A1 learners use '的人' to describe people.

2

我不结婚，我独身。

I don't marry, I am single.

Simple subject-predicate structure.

3

她是独身吗？

Is she single?

Question with '吗'.

4

我哥哥是独身。

My older brother is single.

Using family members in sentences.

5

很多老师是独身。

Many teachers are single.

Using '很多' (many).

6

他不想独身。

He doesn't want to be single.

Negative '不想' + adjective/state.

7

独身好吗？

Is being single good?

Abstract concept as subject.

8

我是独身，我很开心。

I am single, I am very happy.

Connecting two simple sentences.

1

他一直过着独身生活。

He has been living a single life.

The '过着...生活' pattern is common at A2.

2

独身的人也很快乐。

Single people are also very happy.

Using '也' (also).

3

他决定保持独身。

He decided to remain single.

Verb '决定' (decide) + '保持' (maintain).

4

在上海，有很多独身人士。

In Shanghai, there are many single people.

Using '有' for existence.

5

他虽然独身，但不孤独。

Although he is single, he is not lonely.

The '虽然...但是' (although... but) contrast.

6

独身生活有很多自由。

Single life has a lot of freedom.

Noun phrase as subject.

7

你想过独身生活吗？

Do you want to live a single life?

Interrogative sentence with '想'.

8

他是一个快乐的独身汉。

He is a happy bachelor.

'独身汉' (bachelor) is a common A2 noun.

1

独身主义在年轻人中越来越流行。

Singlism is becoming more and more popular among young people.

Using '越来越' (more and more).

2

他选择独身是为了追求事业。

He chose to be single to pursue his career.

'是为了' (is for the purpose of).

3

独身人士的消费能力很强。

Single people have strong spending power.

Discussing economic trends.

4

父母担心他一直保持独身。

His parents are worried that he will remain single forever.

Verb '担心' (worry) + clause.

5

独身生活也有它的挑战。

Single life also has its challenges.

Abstract noun '挑战' (challenge).

6

他是个坚定的独身主义者。

He is a firm believer in singlism.

Adjective '坚定的' (firm) modifying a noun.

7

社会对独身者的态度在改变。

Society's attitude toward single people is changing.

Prepositional phrase '对...的态度' (attitude toward...).

8

他享受这种独身的状态。

He enjoys this state of being single.

Verb '享受' (enjoy) + noun '状态' (state).

1

独身经济催生了许多针对单身人士的产品。

The single economy has spawned many products targeted at single people.

Using the verb '催生' (spawn/give rise to).

2

他并不是因为找不到对象才独身的。

It's not that he's single because he can't find a partner.

The '并不是...才...' structure for clarification.

3

长期独身可能会导致社交圈变窄。

Long-term singlehood might lead to a narrowing of one's social circle.

Using '导致' (lead to) for consequences.

4

她一直奉行独身主义，拒绝任何相亲。

She has always practiced singlism and refuses any blind dates.

Verb '奉行' (adhere to/practice).

5

在一些文化中，独身被看作是一种高尚的选择。

In some cultures, singlehood is seen as a noble choice.

Passive structure '被看作是' (be seen as).

6

独身并不意味着与社会隔绝。

Being single does not mean being isolated from society.

Verb '意味着' (mean/imply).

7

由于观念的转变，越来越多的人选择独身。

Due to changes in concepts, more and more people choose to be single.

Using '由于' (due to) for reasons.

8

他打算终身独身，把一切献给艺术。

He plans to remain single for life and dedicate everything to art.

Adverb '终身' (lifelong/for life).

1

独身作为一种现代生活方式，其背后有着复杂的社会动因。

Singlehood, as a modern lifestyle, has complex social drivers behind it.

Using '作为' (as) and '其' (its).

2

他晚年过着深居简出的独身生活。

In his later years, he lived a secluded single life.

Idiom '深居简出' (living in seclusion).

3

独身主义的兴起挑战了传统的家庭伦理观。

The rise of singlism has challenged traditional family ethics.

Abstract noun '伦理观' (ethics/values).

4

许多知识分子在那个时代选择了独身以示抗争。

Many intellectuals in that era chose singlehood as a form of protest.

Using '以示' (to show/as a sign of).

5

这种独身状态让他有更多时间进行哲学思考。

This state of singlehood gave him more time for philosophical reflection.

C1 level vocabulary like '哲学思考'.

6

尽管独身，他依然在社区中扮演着活跃的角色。

Despite being single, he still plays an active role in the community.

Conjunction '依然' (still).

7

独身并不等同于自私，而是一种个人选择的自由。

Singlehood is not equivalent to selfishness, but a freedom of personal choice.

Structure '并不等同于...而是...'.

8

他在作品中探讨了独身女性在都市中的处境。

In his works, he explored the situation of single women in cities.

Verb '探讨' (explore/discuss).

1

独身现象的普遍化，折射出当代社会契约关系的深刻变革。

The normalization of the singlehood phenomenon reflects the profound transformation of social contract relationships in contemporary society.

Sophisticated verb '折射' (reflect).

2

他孑然一身，终其一生都保持着纯粹的独身状态。

He was all alone and maintained a pure state of singlehood throughout his entire life.

Using the idiom '孑然一身'.

3

独身主义者往往被误读为缺乏情感能力，实则不然。

Singlists are often misread as lacking emotional capacity, but that is not actually the case.

Formal phrase '实则不然' (not actually so).

4

在法律框架下，独身个体的权利保障仍有待完善。

Within the legal framework, the protection of the rights of single individuals still needs to be improved.

Legalistic tone with '有待完善'.

5

这种有意识的独身，是其存在主义哲学的某种践行。

This conscious singlehood is a certain practice of his existentialist philosophy.

Using '践行' (practice/carry out).

6

独身并非避世，而是在繁杂的人际关系中寻求某种静谧。

Singlehood is not about escaping the world, but about seeking a certain tranquility amidst complex interpersonal relationships.

Contrast '并非...而是...'.

7

在人口老龄化的背景下，高龄独身群体面临着严峻的养老考验。

Against the backdrop of an aging population, the elderly single group faces severe challenges in elderly care.

Using '背景下' (against the backdrop of).

8

他的独身选择，在很大程度上是对宗法制度的一种消极抵抗。

His choice of singlehood was, to a large extent, a form of passive resistance against the patriarchal clan system.

Sociological term '宗法制度'.

자주 쓰는 조합

独身主义
独身生活
独身人士
保持独身
独身状态
独身贵族
独身汉
独身经济
奉行独身
终身独身

자주 쓰는 구문

过独身日子

— To live a single life day by day.

他一个人过独身日子也挺好的。

选择独身

— To choose to be single.

现在的年轻人更倾向于选择独身。

长期独身

— To be single for a long time.

长期独身可能会让人变得性格古怪。

独身一人

— All alone; single and by oneself.

他独身一人来到北京闯荡。

维持独身

— To maintain one's single status.

她努力维持独身，不被外界干扰。

宁愿独身

— Would rather be single.

我宁愿独身也不愿将就。

独身倾向

— A tendency toward singlehood.

这项调查显示了明显的独身倾向。

独身宣言

— A declaration of singlehood.

她在社交媒体上发布了独身宣言。

独身女性

— Single women (often used in sociological contexts).

独身女性的社会地位在提高。

由于独身

— Because of being single.

由于独身，他有更多时间旅行。

관용어 및 표현

"独善其身"

— To maintain one's own integrity; to focus on one's own perfection without helping others.

在混乱的环境中，他选择独善其身。

Literary
"孑然一身"

— All alone; solitary; without any family or relatives.

老人去世后，他真是孑然一身了。

Formal
"形单影只"

— A lonely figure with only one's shadow for company.

他在人群中显得形单影只。

Literary
"孤家寡人"

— A person who is isolated or has no followers (originally used by emperors).

他虽然成功了，却成了孤家寡人。

Informal/Humorous
"单枪匹马"

— Single-handed; to do something all by oneself.

他单枪匹马创办了这家公司。

Neutral
"无依无靠"

— To have no one to rely on; destitute.

这个独身老人无依无靠。

Neutral
"光棍一条"

— To be a bachelor/single (often implying having nothing else).

我光棍一条，没什么好担心的。

Slang
"自给自足"

— Self-sufficient (often associated with the single lifestyle).

他过着自给自足的独身生活。

Neutral
"独立自主"

— Independent and autonomous.

独身生活让她变得更加独立自主。

Positive
"闲云野鹤"

— As free as a floating cloud or a wild crane (living a carefree, solitary life).

退休后，他像闲云野鹤般过着独身生活。

Literary

어휘 가족

명사

独身者 (dú shēn zhě) - A single person
独身主义 (dú shēn zhǔ yì) - Singlism/Celibacy
独身汉 (dú shēn hàn) - Bachelor

동사

保持独身 (bǎo chí dú shēn) - To remain single
选择独身 (xuǎn zé dú shēn) - To choose singlehood

형용사

独身的 (dú shēn de) - Single/Unmarried

관련

孤独 (gū dú) - Lonely
独特 (dú tè) - Unique
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관련 콘텐츠

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独身 Japanese
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